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SCA 12 Group Name Theobroma cacao

Pound, F.J. (1938)
Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

Collected by Pound.
Location: Rio Ucayali, Peru.

Notes: Pound, 1943b [POU43B]. 22 plants were planted at Marper farm.

Bartley, 1993a [BAR93A]. Fausto Coral said that SCA stands for Sabino Contamana. Bartley considers that it is likely that the material comes from the town known to Pound as Contamana (on the R. Ucayali) since these progenies are very similar to P 31 [POU] from this area. Miguel Aspiazu (who accompanied Pound in Ecuador) said SCA came from Sabino and this may have been misinterpreted as SCAVINA.

UK - CABI Bioscience, 1998 [CAB98A] During surveys of Theobroma and Herrania spp. along the Amazon and Ucayali rivers (Pucallpa-Iquitos) in Octobet 1998, the local guide provided some detailed information on the history of the region. It seems the origin of the Scavinas is near to Iquitos around the Nanay river, from a Hacienda owned by the ESCAVINO family. The farm goes back to the pre-1930's but most of it has now been destroyed as the river Nanay has changed its course. This story, and the corruption of the name, was confirmed by a respected Peruvian agronomist, Reynaldo Crespo, who worked in the region 40 years ago.

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Synonyms: EET 110 [IMP], G VI 340, EET IMP 110, SCAVINA 12

RECOMMENDED PLANTING MATERIAL Disclaimer

Recommended Planting Material

Disclaimer
Recommendations for planting materials are made by the referenced authors for specific regions and growing conditions. They are provided here as a guide and historic record only. To confirm the most appropriate planting material for your needs and its availability, please contact your local cocoa authority.

Details on clones that are available for distribution and guidelines on the safe movement of cacao germplasm can be obtained from the International Cocoa Quarantine Centre, Reading

ICCRI, 2013: Recommended seed parent in:
Indonesia; Other Seed Garden Parents: ICS 60 | ICS 13 | SCA 6 | TSH 858 | UIT 1 | NA 33 | GC7 [IDN]; Recommended by: Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Indonesia; Year: 1980s; Reference

Reference

ICCRI 2013
PEDOMAN TEKNIS PEMBANGUNAN KEBUN INDUK DAN KEBUN ENTRES KAKAO [TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEED PARENT GARDENS].”. PERATURAN MENTERI PERTANIAN NOMOR 09/Permentan/OT.140/1/2013
Disease Pests Yield Bean Butterfat Recommended material

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ICCRI, 2013: Recommended seed parent in:
Indonesia; Bi-parental cross: ICS 60 x SCA 12; Recommended by: Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Indonesia; Year: 1980s; Reference

Reference

ICCRI 2013
PEDOMAN TEKNIS PEMBANGUNAN KEBUN INDUK DAN KEBUN ENTRES KAKAO [TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEED PARENT GARDENS].”. PERATURAN MENTERI PERTANIAN NOMOR 09/Permentan/OT.140/1/2013
Disease Pests Yield Bean Butterfat Recommended material

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Susilo, Agung W, 2015: Recommended seed parent in:
Indonesia (Jember, East Java); Seed Garden / Source: Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia; Other Seed Garden Parents: ICS 60 | GC7 [IDN] | TSH 858 | SCA 6; Recommended by: Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Indonesia; Reference

Reference

Susilo, Agung W 2015
BREEDING PROGRAM AND DEVELOPMENT PLANTING MATERIAL OF COCOA (Theobroma Cacao L.) IN INDONESIA. Asia Pacific Regional Cocoa Research Workshop Davao Philippines, 12-15th October 2015.
Recommended material
ICCRI, 2013: Recommended seed parent in:
Indonesia (East Java); Other Seed Garden Parents: ICS 60 | GC7 [IDN] | UIT 1 | SCA 6; Recommended by: Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Indonesia; Year: 1990-2011; Reference

Reference

ICCRI 2013
PEDOMAN TEKNIS PEMBANGUNAN KEBUN INDUK DAN KEBUN ENTRES KAKAO [TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEED PARENT GARDENS].”. PERATURAN MENTERI PERTANIAN NOMOR 09/Permentan/OT.140/1/2013
Disease Pests Yield Bean Butterfat Recommended material

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Susilo, Agung W, 2015: Recommended seed parent in:
Indonesia (North Sumatera); Seed Garden / Source: Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit; Other Seed Garden Parents: ICS 60 | TSH 858 | IMC 67 | PA 150 [PER]; Recommended by: Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Indonesia; Reference

Reference

Susilo, Agung W 2015
BREEDING PROGRAM AND DEVELOPMENT PLANTING MATERIAL OF COCOA (Theobroma Cacao L.) IN INDONESIA. Asia Pacific Regional Cocoa Research Workshop Davao Philippines, 12-15th October 2015.
Recommended material
Susilo, Agung W, 2015: Recommended seed parent in:
Indonesia (Jember, East Java); Seed Garden / Source: PT PP Jember Indonesia; Other Seed Garden Parents: ICS 60 | ICS 12 | ICS 13 | DR 1 | SCA 6; Recommended by: Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Indonesia; Reference

Reference

Susilo, Agung W 2015
BREEDING PROGRAM AND DEVELOPMENT PLANTING MATERIAL OF COCOA (Theobroma Cacao L.) IN INDONESIA. Asia Pacific Regional Cocoa Research Workshop Davao Philippines, 12-15th October 2015.
Recommended material
Susilo, Agung W, 2015: Recommended seed parent in:
Indonesia (West Sumatera); Seed Garden / Source: PT Inang Sari; Other Seed Garden Parents: GC7 [IDN] | ICS 60 | SCA 6; Recommended by: Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Indonesia; Reference

Reference

Susilo, Agung W 2015
BREEDING PROGRAM AND DEVELOPMENT PLANTING MATERIAL OF COCOA (Theobroma Cacao L.) IN INDONESIA. Asia Pacific Regional Cocoa Research Workshop Davao Philippines, 12-15th October 2015.
Recommended material
Susilo, Agung W, 2015: Recommended seed parent in:
Indonesia (East Java); Seed Garden / Source: PT Perkebunan Nusantara XII; Other Seed Garden Parents: ICS 60 | ICS 13 | GC7 [IDN] | SCA 6; Recommended by: Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Indonesia; Reference

Reference

Susilo, Agung W 2015
BREEDING PROGRAM AND DEVELOPMENT PLANTING MATERIAL OF COCOA (Theobroma Cacao L.) IN INDONESIA. Asia Pacific Regional Cocoa Research Workshop Davao Philippines, 12-15th October 2015.
Recommended material
Susilo, Agung W, 2015: Recommended seed parent in:
Indonesia (Banyuwangi, East Java); Seed Garden / Source: PT Glenmore; Other Seed Garden Parents: ICS 13 | ICS 60 | GC7 [IDN] | DR 1 | SCA 6; Recommended by: Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Indonesia; Reference

Reference

Susilo, Agung W 2015
BREEDING PROGRAM AND DEVELOPMENT PLANTING MATERIAL OF COCOA (Theobroma Cacao L.) IN INDONESIA. Asia Pacific Regional Cocoa Research Workshop Davao Philippines, 12-15th October 2015.
Recommended material
Sounigo, Olivier & Ives Bruno Efombagn Mousseni, 2012: Recommended seed parent in:
Cameroon; Seed Garden / Source: PSCC/IRAD; Female Parent in Seed Garden with: IMC 60 | UPA 143 | UPA 337 | PA 70 [PER] | BBK 726 | P 7 [POU] | PA 7 [PER] | GU 255 /V | GU 144 /C | IMC 67 | PA 107 [PER] | PA 150 [PER] | SCA 6 | SCA 24 | T 60 /887 [POS] | T 79 /501 [POS] | UPA 134 | SNK 630 | ICS 84 | SNK 15 | SNK 413 | SNK 64 | SNK 608 | SNK 620 | TIKO 32 | BBK 1016 | BBK 109; Recommended by: Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD), Cameroon; Status: current; Reference

Reference

Sounigo, Olivier & Ives Bruno Efombagn Mousseni 2012
Cocoa Improvement and Variety Delivery Effort in Cameroon. INGENIC Seventh Workshop: Cocoa Variety Development and the Supply of Planting Materials to Farmers. 21st - 22nd October 2012
Recommended material
Rodriguez-Medina, Caren et al., 2019: Recommended seed parent in:
Colombia; Bi-parental cross: ICS 60 x SCA 12; Recommended by: Instituto Colombiano Agropecuaria (ICA), Colombia; Year: 1980s (Until late 1990s); Reference

Reference

Rodriguez-Medina, Caren, Alvaro Caicedo Arana, Olivier Sounigo, Xavier Argout, Gabriel Alvarado Alvarado & Roxana Yockteng 2019
Cacao Breeding in Colombia, Past, Present and Future. Breeding Science, no. 1999
DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.19011

Recommended material
Asia-pacific, Working Group, 2012: Recommended seed parent in:
Vietnam; Other Seed Garden Parents: NA 32 | UIT 1 | NA 33 | UIT 2; Reference

Reference

Asia-pacific, Working Group 2012
Planting Materials Available for Cocoa Farmers in Asia / Pacific Region. INGENIC Seventh Workshop: Cocoa Variety Development and the Supply of Planting Materials to Farmers. 21st - 22nd October 2012
Yield Bean Butterfat Recommended material

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COLLECTION DETAILS

Location: Loreto, Peru

Coordinates: 73.00 W, 3.40 S

Marita, J. M. et al., 2001

PEDIGREE DETAILS

Mother to:: AHK 24 Bartley, B.G.D., 1998

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1998
Comments made by Dr. Bartley during his visit to Reading (19th - 31st July 1998). B.G.D. Bartley. Personal Communications.
Notes

Cameroon - IRAD Datafile: PROGENY_; AHT 13 Bartley, B.G.D., 1998

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1998
Comments made by Dr. Bartley during his visit to Reading (19th - 31st July 1998). B.G.D. Bartley. Personal Communications.
Notes

Cameroon - IRAD Datafile: PROGENY_; AX 505 Trinidad - ICTA, No Date

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA No Date
List of AX Crosses. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp 18.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_; C 62 [TAF] Toxopeus, H., 1968

Reference

Toxopeus, H. 1968
Establishment of cacao clones in Nigeria. Euphytica, 17: pp 38-45.
Notes

Nigeria - CRIN Datafile: PROGENY_; C 70 [TAF] Toxopeus, H., 1968

Reference

Toxopeus, H. 1968
Establishment of cacao clones in Nigeria. Euphytica, 17: pp 38-45.
Notes

Nigeria - CRIN Datafile: PROGENY_; C 71 [TAF] Toxopeus, H., 1968

Reference

Toxopeus, H. 1968
Establishment of cacao clones in Nigeria. Euphytica, 17: pp 38-45.
Notes

Nigeria - CRIN Datafile: PROGENY_; C 72 [TAF] Toxopeus, H., 1968

Reference

Toxopeus, H. 1968
Establishment of cacao clones in Nigeria. Euphytica, 17: pp 38-45.
Notes

Nigeria - CRIN Datafile: PROGENY_; CC 210 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower; CC 210 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower; CC 228 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower; CC 245 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower; DE 68 Bartley, B.G.D., 1997

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1997
List of "DE" (polyembryonic) progenies cultured at UWI. B.G.D Bartley. Personal Communications.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_; EET 383 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 384 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 385 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 386 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EQX 18 [EQX] Trinidad - ICTA (EQX), No Date

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA (EQX) No Date
List of the parentage of EQX accessions. Untitled manuscript, Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Trinidad. pp.1.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ Descriptors: Full list of the EQX accessions with notes on their origin. Donated by Dr. G. Lockwood, 1989.; EQX 5 [EQX] Trinidad - ICTA (EQX), No Date

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA (EQX) No Date
List of the parentage of EQX accessions. Untitled manuscript, Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Trinidad. pp.1.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ Descriptors: Full list of the EQX accessions with notes on their origin. Donated by Dr. G. Lockwood, 1989.; EQX 6 [EQX] Trinidad - ICTA (EQX), No Date

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA (EQX) No Date
List of the parentage of EQX accessions. Untitled manuscript, Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Trinidad. pp.1.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ Descriptors: Full list of the EQX accessions with notes on their origin. Donated by Dr. G. Lockwood, 1989.; GNV 111 Purdy, L.H. et al., 1998

Reference

Purdy, L.H., Dickstein, E.R. & Schmidt, R.A. 1998
Relative resistance of cacao clone to Crinipellis perniciosa determined by artificial inoculation using an automated basidiospore spray system. Agrotropica 10 (1): 9-12.
Notes

USA - University of Gainsville Datafile: PROGENY_; GNV 113 Purdy, L.H. et al., 1998

Reference

Purdy, L.H., Dickstein, E.R. & Schmidt, R.A. 1998
Relative resistance of cacao clone to Crinipellis perniciosa determined by artificial inoculation using an automated basidiospore spray system. Agrotropica 10 (1): 9-12.
Notes

USA - University of Gainsville Datafile: PROGENY_; GNV 120 Purdy, L.H. et al., 1998

Reference

Purdy, L.H., Dickstein, E.R. & Schmidt, R.A. 1998
Relative resistance of cacao clone to Crinipellis perniciosa determined by artificial inoculation using an automated basidiospore spray system. Agrotropica 10 (1): 9-12.
Notes

USA - University of Gainsville Datafile: PROGENY_; GNV 225 Purdy, L.H. et al., 1998

Reference

Purdy, L.H., Dickstein, E.R. & Schmidt, R.A. 1998
Relative resistance of cacao clone to Crinipellis perniciosa determined by artificial inoculation using an automated basidiospore spray system. Agrotropica 10 (1): 9-12.
Notes

USA - University of Gainsville Datafile: PROGENY_; GNV 24 Purdy, L.H. et al., 1998

Reference

Purdy, L.H., Dickstein, E.R. & Schmidt, R.A. 1998
Relative resistance of cacao clone to Crinipellis perniciosa determined by artificial inoculation using an automated basidiospore spray system. Agrotropica 10 (1): 9-12.
Notes

USA - University of Gainsville Datafile: PROGENY_; GNV 27 Purdy, L.H. et al., 1998

Reference

Purdy, L.H., Dickstein, E.R. & Schmidt, R.A. 1998
Relative resistance of cacao clone to Crinipellis perniciosa determined by artificial inoculation using an automated basidiospore spray system. Agrotropica 10 (1): 9-12.
Notes

USA - University of Gainsville Datafile: PROGENY_; GNV 286 Purdy, L.H. et al., 1998

Reference

Purdy, L.H., Dickstein, E.R. & Schmidt, R.A. 1998
Relative resistance of cacao clone to Crinipellis perniciosa determined by artificial inoculation using an automated basidiospore spray system. Agrotropica 10 (1): 9-12.
Notes

USA - University of Gainsville Datafile: PROGENY_; GNV 293 Purdy, L.H. et al., 1998

Reference

Purdy, L.H., Dickstein, E.R. & Schmidt, R.A. 1998
Relative resistance of cacao clone to Crinipellis perniciosa determined by artificial inoculation using an automated basidiospore spray system. Agrotropica 10 (1): 9-12.
Notes

USA - University of Gainsville Datafile: PROGENY_; GNV 295 Purdy, L.H. et al., 1998

Reference

Purdy, L.H., Dickstein, E.R. & Schmidt, R.A. 1998
Relative resistance of cacao clone to Crinipellis perniciosa determined by artificial inoculation using an automated basidiospore spray system. Agrotropica 10 (1): 9-12.
Notes

USA - University of Gainsville Datafile: PROGENY_; GNV 31 Purdy, L.H. et al., 1998

Reference

Purdy, L.H., Dickstein, E.R. & Schmidt, R.A. 1998
Relative resistance of cacao clone to Crinipellis perniciosa determined by artificial inoculation using an automated basidiospore spray system. Agrotropica 10 (1): 9-12.
Notes

USA - University of Gainsville Datafile: PROGENY_; GNV 33 Purdy, L.H. et al., 1998

Reference

Purdy, L.H., Dickstein, E.R. & Schmidt, R.A. 1998
Relative resistance of cacao clone to Crinipellis perniciosa determined by artificial inoculation using an automated basidiospore spray system. Agrotropica 10 (1): 9-12.
Notes

USA - University of Gainsville Datafile: PROGENY_; GNV 38 Purdy, L.H. et al., 1998

Reference

Purdy, L.H., Dickstein, E.R. & Schmidt, R.A. 1998
Relative resistance of cacao clone to Crinipellis perniciosa determined by artificial inoculation using an automated basidiospore spray system. Agrotropica 10 (1): 9-12.
Notes

USA - University of Gainsville Datafile: PROGENY_; GNV 47 Purdy, L.H. et al., 1998

Reference

Purdy, L.H., Dickstein, E.R. & Schmidt, R.A. 1998
Relative resistance of cacao clone to Crinipellis perniciosa determined by artificial inoculation using an automated basidiospore spray system. Agrotropica 10 (1): 9-12.
Notes

USA - University of Gainsville Datafile: PROGENY_; GNV 63 Purdy, L.H. et al., 1998

Reference

Purdy, L.H., Dickstein, E.R. & Schmidt, R.A. 1998
Relative resistance of cacao clone to Crinipellis perniciosa determined by artificial inoculation using an automated basidiospore spray system. Agrotropica 10 (1): 9-12.
Notes

USA - University of Gainsville Datafile: PROGENY_; GNV 65 Purdy, L.H. et al., 1998

Reference

Purdy, L.H., Dickstein, E.R. & Schmidt, R.A. 1998
Relative resistance of cacao clone to Crinipellis perniciosa determined by artificial inoculation using an automated basidiospore spray system. Agrotropica 10 (1): 9-12.
Notes

USA - University of Gainsville Datafile: PROGENY_; MX 75 [TTO] Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O., 1979

Reference

Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O. 1979
The CRIG cocoa germplasm collection with notes on codes used in the breeding programme at Tafo and elsewhere. Technical Bulletin, No. 10, Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. pp. 62.
Notes

Ghana - CRIG Datafile: PROGENY_ Catalogue of the material held in Ghana together with notes on the origins and usages of code names.; T 12 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.
Father to:: AX 122 Trinidad - ICTA, No Date

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA No Date
List of AX Crosses. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp 18.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_; AX 263 Trinidad - ICTA, No Date

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA No Date
List of AX Crosses. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp 18.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_; C 33 [TRI] Trinidad - ICTA, No Date

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA No Date
List of C Crosses. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp.4.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_ List of C crosses bred at Trinidad. B.G.D. Bartley was involved in this breeding programme.; C 35 [TRI] Trinidad - ICTA, No Date

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA No Date
List of C Crosses. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp.4.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_ List of C crosses bred at Trinidad. B.G.D. Bartley was involved in this breeding programme.; C 37 [TRI] Trinidad - ICTA, No Date

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA No Date
List of C Crosses. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp.4.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_ List of C crosses bred at Trinidad. B.G.D. Bartley was involved in this breeding programme.; EET 387 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 388 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 389 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 390 [ECU] Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower; EET 391 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 420 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 423 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 424 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 426 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 427 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 435 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 436 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 438 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 439 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 440 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 441 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 442 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 444 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 445 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 446 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 480 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; EET 485 [ECU] Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987

Reference

Ecuador - Pichilingue 1987
Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Notes

Ecuador - EET Pichilingue Datafile: PROGENY_ EET numbers, original names, origins and number of plants for the clones held at INIAP. (Appendix in report).; HY 273369 /1 Vazquez, F., 1994

Reference

Vazquez, F. 1994
A note on the HY codes used at USDA Mayaguez. F. Vazquez, USDA TARS, Mayaguez, USA. Personal Communication.
Notes

USA - USDA Mayaguez Datafile: PROGENY_; HY 273369 /3 Vazquez, F., 1994

Reference

Vazquez, F. 1994
A note on the HY codes used at USDA Mayaguez. F. Vazquez, USDA TARS, Mayaguez, USA. Personal Communication.
Notes

USA - USDA Mayaguez Datafile: PROGENY_; ICCRI 04 Susilo, Agung W, 2015

Reference

Susilo, Agung W 2015
BREEDING PROGRAM AND DEVELOPMENT PLANTING MATERIAL OF COCOA (Theobroma Cacao L.) IN INDONESIA. Asia Pacific Regional Cocoa Research Workshop Davao Philippines, 12-15th October 2015.
Recommended material; ICS 136 Trinidad - ICTA, 1969

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA 1969
New 'ICS' cultivars. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp. 3.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_ Several progenies selected from crosses made in the breeding programme have been propagated as clones. The ICS numbers replace the old C numbers.; ICS 137 Trinidad - ICTA, 1969

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA 1969
New 'ICS' cultivars. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp. 3.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_ Several progenies selected from crosses made in the breeding programme have been propagated as clones. The ICS numbers replace the old C numbers.; ICS 138 Trinidad - ICTA, 1969

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA 1969
New 'ICS' cultivars. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp. 3.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_ Several progenies selected from crosses made in the breeding programme have been propagated as clones. The ICS numbers replace the old C numbers.; ICS 139 Trinidad - ICTA, 1969

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA 1969
New 'ICS' cultivars. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp. 3.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_ Several progenies selected from crosses made in the breeding programme have been propagated as clones. The ICS numbers replace the old C numbers.; ICS 140 Trinidad - ICTA, 1969

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA 1969
New 'ICS' cultivars. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp. 3.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_ Several progenies selected from crosses made in the breeding programme have been propagated as clones. The ICS numbers replace the old C numbers.; ICS 141 Trinidad - ICTA, 1969

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA 1969
New 'ICS' cultivars. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp. 3.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_ Several progenies selected from crosses made in the breeding programme have been propagated as clones. The ICS numbers replace the old C numbers.; ICS 142 Trinidad - ICTA, 1969

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA 1969
New 'ICS' cultivars. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp. 3.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_ Several progenies selected from crosses made in the breeding programme have been propagated as clones. The ICS numbers replace the old C numbers.; ICS 143 Trinidad - ICTA, 1969

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA 1969
New 'ICS' cultivars. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp. 3.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_ Several progenies selected from crosses made in the breeding programme have been propagated as clones. The ICS numbers replace the old C numbers.; KHA 104 Nya Ngatchou, J., 1978

Reference

Nya Ngatchou, J. 1978
Etat d'avancement des travaux de génétique et d'amelioration du cacaoyer au Cameroun. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Cocoa Conference, Douala, Cameroun, 1979. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 507-511.
Notes

Cameroon - IRAD Datafile: PROGENY_; KHA 105 Bartley, B.G.D., 1998

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1998
Comments made by Dr. Bartley during his visit to Reading (19th - 31st July 1998). B.G.D. Bartley. Personal Communications.
Notes

Cameroon - IRAD Datafile: PROGENY_; KHA 107 Bartley, B.G.D., 1998

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1998
Comments made by Dr. Bartley during his visit to Reading (19th - 31st July 1998). B.G.D. Bartley. Personal Communications.
Notes

Cameroon - IRAD Datafile: PROGENY_; MX 82 [TTO] Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O., 1979

Reference

Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O. 1979
The CRIG cocoa germplasm collection with notes on codes used in the breeding programme at Tafo and elsewhere. Technical Bulletin, No. 10, Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. pp. 62.
Notes

Ghana - CRIG Datafile: PROGENY_ Catalogue of the material held in Ghana together with notes on the origins and usages of code names.; QH 12 Lee, M.T. et al., 1993

Reference

Lee, M.T., Tay, E.B., Lamin, K. & Saedi, M. 1993
Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.

Disease Pests Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Leaf Flower; TARS 27 Ricardo Goenaga et al., 2009

Reference

Ricardo Goenaga, Heber Irizarry & Brian Irish 2009
TARS Series of Cacao Germplasm Selections. HORTSCIENCE 44(3): 826-827
DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.44.3.826

Yield Flavour; TARS 9 Ricardo Goenaga et al., 2009

Reference

Ricardo Goenaga, Heber Irizarry & Brian Irish 2009
TARS Series of Cacao Germplasm Selections. HORTSCIENCE 44(3): 826-827
DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.44.3.826

Yield Flavour; THY 28 Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O., 1979

Reference

Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O. 1979
The CRIG cocoa germplasm collection with notes on codes used in the breeding programme at Tafo and elsewhere. Technical Bulletin, No. 10, Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. pp. 62.
Notes

Ghana - CRIG Datafile: PROGENY_ Catalogue of the material held in Ghana together with notes on the origins and usages of code names.; THY 29 Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O., 1979

Reference

Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O. 1979
The CRIG cocoa germplasm collection with notes on codes used in the breeding programme at Tafo and elsewhere. Technical Bulletin, No. 10, Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. pp. 62.
Notes

Ghana - CRIG Datafile: PROGENY_ Catalogue of the material held in Ghana together with notes on the origins and usages of code names.; THY 30 Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O., 1979

Reference

Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O. 1979
The CRIG cocoa germplasm collection with notes on codes used in the breeding programme at Tafo and elsewhere. Technical Bulletin, No. 10, Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. pp. 62.
Notes

Ghana - CRIG Datafile: PROGENY_ Catalogue of the material held in Ghana together with notes on the origins and usages of code names.; THY 31 Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O., 1979

Reference

Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O. 1979
The CRIG cocoa germplasm collection with notes on codes used in the breeding programme at Tafo and elsewhere. Technical Bulletin, No. 10, Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. pp. 62.
Notes

Ghana - CRIG Datafile: PROGENY_ Catalogue of the material held in Ghana together with notes on the origins and usages of code names.; THY 32 Trinidad - ICTA, No Date

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA No Date
List of THY Crosses. Untitled manuscript, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp.1.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_; THY 34 Trinidad - ICTA, No Date

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA No Date
List of THY Crosses. Untitled manuscript, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp.1.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_

POPULATION

Motamayor, J.C. et al., 2008: 'Contamana' Population; Subgroup: 'Scavina' Reference

Reference

Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. 2008
Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311
Population SSR

GENOME/TRANSCRIPTOME DATA LINKS

Xavier Argout et al., 2023

Reference

BioProject: PRJNA880462 NCBI ENA FASTQ

Library Source: Genomic

Run: SRR21562148 NCBI ENA FASTQ

Experiment: SRX17564431

BioSample: SAMN30841516

SampleName: SCA_12

Jaime A Osorio-Guarín et al., 2020

Reference

BioProject: PRJNA734904 NCBI ENA FASTQ

Library Source: Genomic

Run: SRR14743812 NCBI ENA FASTQ

Experiment: SRX11078310

BioSample: SAMN19549220

SampleSource: AGROSAVIA, Colombia

HELD IN

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Brazil, Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira/Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPLAC/CEPEC): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CEPEC 2012
Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.; • Accession: 207; - Local Name: SCA 12; - Year of Accession: 1979
Brazil, Comissao Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira (CEPLAC): List received in 1987 Reference

Reference

Almeida, C.M.V.C. de, Barriga, J.P., Machado, P.F.R. & Bartley, B.G.D. 1987
Evolucao do programa de conservacao dos recursos geneticos de cacau na Amazonia Brasileira. CEPLAC/DEPEA, Boletim Tecnico, Belem, Brasil 5: pp.108.
Notes

History of the collections, naming of the accessions, origins of the material, collection and planting dates, propagation methods and number of plants established.; • Accession: 139; - Local Name: SCA 12; - Year of Accession: 1966
Brazil, Mars Center for Cocoa Science: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Mars Center for Cocoa Science 2012
Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: SCA-12
Cameroon, Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD): List received in 1985 Reference

Reference

Cameroon - IRAD Cameroun 1985
Collection Camerounaise de cacaoyers (situation en Juillet, 1985). Unpublished report, IRCC Cameroun. Supplied by A.B. Eskes, IRCC Montpellier.; • Local Name: SCA 12
Colombia, Instituto Colombiano Agropecuaria (ICA): List received in 1990 Reference

Reference

Colombia - ICA Palmira 1990
List of clones held at ICA Palmira. F. Ocampo Rojas, ICA, Colombia.; • Local Name: SCA 12
Costa Rica, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE): List received in 2018 Reference

Reference

Allan Mata 2018
Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Notes

Excel file received by email.; • Accession: 10466; - Local Name: SCA-12; - Year of Accession: 1960
Cote d'Ivoire, Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA): List received in 1989 Reference

Reference

Cote d'Ivoire - IRCC 1989
Liste des clones en collection. Unpublished Report, IRCC Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire, Doc. No. 192. D. Clement, IRCC, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.
Notes

List of clones grouped as West African Amelonados, Lower Amazons, Venezuelan collections, French Guiana collections, Ecuadorian collections, local Trinitarios, other Trinitarios, upper Amazons and Criollos. Notes on origin, date and place of origin and nature of the material (cuttings, budwood, seed).; • Local Name: SCA 12; - Year of Accession: 1977
Dominican Republic, Comision del Cacao: List received in 1987 Reference

Reference

Dominican Republic - CDC 1987
Informe de los trabajos de indentificacion clonal realizados por el Dr. B.G.Bartley durante su visita a la Estacion "Mata Larga". Unpublished of the Comision del Cacau, Dominican Republic. pp 14; • Local Name: SCA 12; - Year of Accession: 1974
Ecuador, Estation Experimental Tropical Pichilingue: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

EET - Pichilingue 2012
Accessions planted in EET - Pichilingue, Ecuador. Freddy Amores and Ignacio Sotomayor C, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: EET - 110; - Year of Accession: 1965
Fiji, Naduruloulou Research Centre: List received in 1992 Reference

Reference

Fiji - Naduruloulou 1992
Cocoa collection - Fiji Naduruloulou Research Station. G. Prasad, Koronivia Research Station, Nausari, Fiji. Personal Communication.; • Local Name: SCA 12; - Year of Accession: 1968
French Guiana, CIRAD (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Researche Agronomique pour le Développment): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Philippe Lachenaud 2012
F. Guiana database, CIRAD-CP. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.; • Local Name: SCAVINA 12; - Year of Accession: 1990
Ghana, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CRIG 2012
Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: SCA12; - Year of Accession: 1972
Guatemala, Estacion Exeparimental Los Brillantes: List received in 1994 Reference

Reference

Guatemala - Los Brilliantes 1994
Lista de clones existentes en la Estacion de Investigacion y Produccion Agricola "Los Brillantes" a Agosto 1994. M.T. Reyes Barrios, EIAP Guatemala. Personal Communication.; • Local Name: SCA 12; - Year of Accession: 1958
Honduras, Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola (FHIA): List received in 1994 Reference

Reference

Honduras - CEDEC 1994
List of accessions in CEDEC, La Masica, Honduras. J.A. Sanchez, FHIA, Honduras. Personal Communication.; • Local Name: SCA 12
India, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI): List received in 2008 Reference

Reference

CPCRI 2008
Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.; • Accession: VTLC 64; - Local Name: SCA 12
India, Kerala Agricultural University: List received in 1996 Reference

Reference

India - Kerala 1996
Crop Improvement. Cadbury - KAU Co-operative Cocoa Research Project 9th Annual Report 1996-96. pp. 3-61
Notes

India - Kerala Agricultural University Datafile: KERA__DS IND - Kerala Germplasm Trials Data PROGENY_ Germplasm: Yield data on 138 imported clones and local hybrids, growth and spread of 141 new seedlings. Descriptors: Average yield data and rank position of performance in the trial. Growth measured in height and canopy spread of new accessions.; • Accession: 340; - Local Name: SCA 12; - Year of Accession: 1994
Indonesia, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI): List received in 2008 Reference

Reference

Susilo, A. 2008
The list of germplasm collected by ICCRI. Personal communication from Agung Susilo, July 2008.; • Accession: IDN-13-TCAC-00270; - Local Name: SCA12
Indonesia, London Sumatra Plantations (LONSUM): List received in 2008 Reference

Reference

Haeser, E. 2008
Accession list for Bah Lias Research Station, PT.PP. London Sumatra, Indonesia. Personal communication, March 2010.; • Local Name: SCA 12
Malaysia, Agricultural Research Centre (ARC): List received in 1990 Reference

Reference

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran 1990
List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.; • Local Name: SCA 12
Mexico, Campo Experimental Rosario Izapa, INIFAP: List received in 1995 Reference

Reference

Lopez-Baez, O., Cueto-Moreno, J. & Fraire-Vazquez, G. 1995
Progressos en el mejoramiento genetico del cacao Theobroma cacao L. en Mexico. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Cocoa Breeding Strategies, Kuala Lumpur, 1994. INGENIC, Reading, U.K. pp. 18-25.; • Local Name: SCA 12; - Year of Accession: 1984
Sri Lanka, Central Agricultural Research Institute (CARI): List received in 1971 Reference

Reference

Leon, J. & Sgaravatti, E. 1971
Provisional list of genetic materials for plant introduction and exchange. AGPE Misc 71/2. FAO, Rome. pp. 26.
Notes

Lists of the clones held at CEPEC-Brazil, Nkoemvone-Cameroun, Central Agric. REs. Inst- Ceylon, CIA Palmira-Colombia, IICA-Costa Rica, INIAP-Ecuador, CRI-Ghana, MALF-Grenada, IFCC-Cote D'Ivoire, CIB-Jamaica, CRIN-Nigeria, CRU-Trinidad, Agr. Exp. Stat.-Suriname, Mayaguez-USA, Caucagua-Venezuela.; • Local Name: SCA 12
Suriname, Agricultural Experiment Station: List received in 1971 Reference

Reference

Leon, J. & Sgaravatti, E. 1971
Provisional list of genetic materials for plant introduction and exchange. AGPE Misc 71/2. FAO, Rome. pp. 26.
Notes

Lists of the clones held at CEPEC-Brazil, Nkoemvone-Cameroun, Central Agric. REs. Inst- Ceylon, CIA Palmira-Colombia, IICA-Costa Rica, INIAP-Ecuador, CRI-Ghana, MALF-Grenada, IFCC-Cote D'Ivoire, CIB-Jamaica, CRIN-Nigeria, CRU-Trinidad, Agr. Exp. Stat.-Suriname, Mayaguez-USA, Caucagua-Venezuela.; • Local Name: SCA 12
Thailand, Chumphon Horticultural Research Centre: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Suchirat Sakuanrungsirikul 2012
Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Chumphon Research Center, Thailand. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Suchirat Sakuanrungsirikul, Agricultural Research Officer, Department of Agriculture, Thailand. January 2012.; • Local Name: Sca12
Togo, Institut de Recherches du Cafe et du Cacao (IRCC): List received in 1991 Reference

Reference

Togo - IRCC Togo 1991
Collection des clones de cacaoyers presents au Togo. Unpublished report, IRCC Togo, p.1.; • Local Name: SCA 12
Trinidad and Tobago, International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T): List received in 2011 Reference

Reference

CRU 2011
ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Notes

Website visited 12th April 2011

Link Unavailable [http://sta.uwi.edu/cru/icgt-accessions.asp]; • Local Name: SCA 12
United States of America, USDA-TARS: List received in 2016 Reference

Reference

USDA, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. 2016
List of cocoa accessions held at Mayaguez in April 2016. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Notes

Original link: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/view2.aspx?dv=web_site_taxon_accessionlist¶ms=:taxonomyid=101885;:siteid=7 (not working)

npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/...; • Accession: TARS 16819 GRIN-Global; - Local Name: SCA 12; - Year of Accession: 1987
United States of America, USDA-SHRS Progeny data only!: List received in 2010 Reference

Reference

USDA-ARS, SHRS, NCGR, National Germplasm Repository, Miami, Florida, USA. 2010
List of cocoa accessions held at Miami and Coconut Grove (Plant Introduction Station) in July, 2010. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Notes

Website visited 8th July 2010.

Link Unavailable [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_site_acc.pl?MAY%20Theobroma%20cacao]; • Accession: MIA 28337 GRIN-Global; - Cross: EET 400 [ECU] x SCA 12; - Local Name: EET 400 X SCA 12; - Year of Accession: 1982; • Accession: MIA 28338 GRIN-Global; - Cross: IMC 67 x SCA 12; - Local Name: IMC67 X SCA12; - Year of Accession: 1982
Venezuela, MAC Caucagua: List received in 1971 Reference

Reference

Leon, J. & Sgaravatti, E. 1971
Provisional list of genetic materials for plant introduction and exchange. AGPE Misc 71/2. FAO, Rome. pp. 26.
Notes

Lists of the clones held at CEPEC-Brazil, Nkoemvone-Cameroun, Central Agric. REs. Inst- Ceylon, CIA Palmira-Colombia, IICA-Costa Rica, INIAP-Ecuador, CRI-Ghana, MALF-Grenada, IFCC-Cote D'Ivoire, CIB-Jamaica, CRIN-Nigeria, CRU-Trinidad, Agr. Exp. Stat.-Suriname, Mayaguez-USA, Caucagua-Venezuela.; • Local Name: SCA 12

DISEASE

Show Details Hide Details

Ceratocystis: Intermediate; Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower; Intermediate; Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower; Resistant; Iton, E.F., 1959

Reference

Iton, E.F. 1959
Studies on a wilt disease of cacao at River Estate. A Report on Cacao Research, 1957-1958. The Regional Research Centre of the British Caribbean.
Notes

Trinidad - Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis Descriptors: Resistance to Ceratocystis fimbriata based on field studies and surveys of disease incidence after natural infection Environment: River Estate, Regional Research Centre, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. 240 acres under a total of 87,000 cacao trees of various ages. The incidence of disease, i.e. the number of diseased trees in relation to the total number of trees as at 31 January 1959 was 0.7%. In the short time since the disease broke out at River Estate all the cacao has not been uniformly exposed to infection and therefore, final conclusions cannot be drawn on the relative susceptibility of different clones or seedlings. Nevertheless some observations are of interest. Germplasm: Initial survey remarks on 13 ICS genotypes, 2 IMC genotypes and 2 SCA genotypes. Progeny of controlled crosses and open pollinations of ICS clones.

Disease; Resistant; Small, L.W., 1966

Reference

Small, L.W. 1966
Routine screening of clones for Ceratocystis. Cocoa Research Unit Annual Report on Cocoa Research 1966. The University of the West Indies, Trinidad, p.48.
Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis Descriptors: Resistance to C. fimbriata based on the test described in Delgado et al, 1965 [DEL65A] Environment: Inoculated specimens of split shoots incubated at controlled temperature and humidity. After 4 days incubation specimens were examined microscopically and perithecial and mycelial development scored. Regional Research Centre, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, University of the West Indies, Trinidad Germplasm: 50 genotypes of the Plant Breeder's selections from mainly River Estate, but with some material from St. Augustine fields and Las Hermanas.

Disease; Tolerant; Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J., 1977

Reference

Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J. 1977
Mejoramiento genético para resistencia a cinco enfermedades del cacao. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Cocoa Research Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, 1977. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 45-56.
Notes

Various data sources Review of disease data complied at Costa Rica - CATIE from sources including: Costa Rica - CATIE, Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies, Ghana - WACRI, Ecuador - Pichilingue. Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot DIS___DS - Disease reaction to stress and disease DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_SSDS - Disease reaction to CSSV DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis Descriptors: Information on the type of disease/stress and the reaction of the clone.

Disease
Frosty Pod Rot: 77.00 % Infection (Field reaction).; Note: Natural incidence of the disease over 9 years.; Wilbert Phillips et al., 2009

Reference

Wilbert Phillips, José Castillo, Adriana Arciniegas, Allan Mata, Aldo Sánchez, Mariela Leandro, Carlos Astorga, Juan Motamayor, Bill Guyton, Ed Seguine & Ray Schnell 2009
Overcoming the Main Limiting Factors of Cacao Production in Central America through the use of Improved Clones Developed at CATIE. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference, Bali, Indonesia (November 2009). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield; Susceptible, 71.00 % Infection; Note: External Severety = 2.4 and Internal Severety = 4.8; Phillips, W., 1996

Reference

Phillips, W. 1996
Cocoa cultivar reaction when innoculated with Moniliophthora roreri. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot Descriptors: Resistance based on severity of infection of Moniliophthora roreri using the aspersion method Environment: CATIE, Costa Rica Germplasm: Clones held at the CATIE germplasm collection Experimental conditions: External severity of infection: scale of six values, assessed 9 weeks after inoculation (0 = healthy pod, 5 = necrosis and sporulation). Internal severity of infection: scale of six values, assessed 9 weeks after inoculation (0 = 0% of internal tissues affected, 5 = more than 80%). This parameter was used to classify the cultivars. Incidence of infection: sick pods in relation to inoculated pods.

Disease
Phytophthora: Resistant; Monteiro, W.R. & Silva, S.D.V.M., 1998

Reference

Monteiro, W.R. & Silva, S.D.V.M. 1998
Individual Institute Reports - Brazil, CEPEC. Report on the IPGRI project: Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation, A Global Approach. Appendix to General Progress Report of Year 1.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom Descriptors: General observations and main traits of genotypes Environment: No details Germplasm: Clones included in the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation project.

Disease; 0.50 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (Field reaction).; Note: Natural incidence of the disease over 3 years.; Wilbert Phillips et al., 2009

Reference

Wilbert Phillips, José Castillo, Adriana Arciniegas, Allan Mata, Aldo Sánchez, Mariela Leandro, Carlos Astorga, Juan Motamayor, Bill Guyton, Ed Seguine & Ray Schnell 2009
Overcoming the Main Limiting Factors of Cacao Production in Central America through the use of Improved Clones Developed at CATIE. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference, Bali, Indonesia (November 2009). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield; Moderate Resistance, sp. P. palmivora (Leaf (abaxial surface)).; Note: Interflush 2, Unattached and not wounded; Iwaro, D. et al., 1997

Reference

Iwaro, D., Sreenivasan, T.N. & Umaharan, P. 1997
Foliar resistance to Phytophthora palmivora as an indicator of pod resistance in Theobroma cacao. Plant Disease 81(6): pp. 619-624
Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Experimental conditions: Each clone was represented in the ICG,T by 15 trees. Fully expanded green leaves of new flush (interflush 2) and mature unripe pods of similar size to ripe pods were used as test samples. Tissue paper mount inoculation of a 30 micro litre zoospore suspension was used to assess leaf resistance. The suspension was placed on the leaf surface with a micropipette and a 1 sq cm. piece of tissue paper was placed on the drop to allow even spread. Both adaxial and abaxial surfaces were inoculated on separate leaves with suspensions of 400,000 and 150,000 respectively. Seven replications of each clone were incubated at 25 degrees C. in plastic trays lined with moist paper towels and covered with polythene film for 72 hours. Control leaves were treated with sterile distilled water. The experiment was repeated twice. Established lesions were those with a minimum size of 0.4mm. Multiple point inculation as described in Iwaro, D. et al (1997a) was used to assess pod resistance. The 12 clones were replicated five times with controls and established lesions were those with a minimum diameter of 2mm. Four trials were conducted. Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda).

Disease; Moderate Resistance, sp. P. palmivora (Leaf).; Note: Interflush 2, Unattached and punch inoculated; Iwaro, D. et al., 1997

Reference

Iwaro, D., Sreenivasan, T.N. & Umaharan, P. 1997
Foliar resistance to Phytophthora palmivora as an indicator of pod resistance in Theobroma cacao. Plant Disease 81(6): pp. 619-624
Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Experimental conditions: Each clone was represented in the ICG,T by 15 trees. Fully expanded green leaves of new flush (interflush 2) and mature unripe pods of similar size to ripe pods were used as test samples. Tissue paper mount inoculation of a 30 micro litre zoospore suspension was used to assess leaf resistance. The suspension was placed on the leaf surface with a micropipette and a 1 sq cm. piece of tissue paper was placed on the drop to allow even spread. Both adaxial and abaxial surfaces were inoculated on separate leaves with suspensions of 400,000 and 150,000 respectively. Seven replications of each clone were incubated at 25 degrees C. in plastic trays lined with moist paper towels and covered with polythene film for 72 hours. Control leaves were treated with sterile distilled water. The experiment was repeated twice. Established lesions were those with a minimum size of 0.4mm. Multiple point inculation as described in Iwaro, D. et al (1997a) was used to assess pod resistance. The 12 clones were replicated five times with controls and established lesions were those with a minimum diameter of 2mm. Four trials were conducted. Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda).

Disease; Moderate Resistance, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Note: Unripe, Unattached and 3mm stab inoculated; Iwaro, D. et al., 1997

Reference

Iwaro, D., Sreenivasan, T.N. & Umaharan, P. 1997
Phytophthora resistance in cacao (Theobroma cacao): Influence of pod morphological characteristics. Plant Pathology 46: pp. 557-565
Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora STOMA_DS - Leaf/Fruit Anatomical Characteristics Germplasm: Information on 12 clones grown in the ICG,T. Environment: See details given for TTO - ICG,T Descriptors. Descriptors: Characteristics of the stomata, surface wax, exocarp and mesocarp hardness, exocarp and endocarp thickness of the pod are described in relation to infection by Phytophthora. Experimental Conditions: Each clone was represented by 15 trees at the ICG,T. Fully grown unripe pods were used. The multiple point inoculation method was used to assess frequency of lesions. A drop of inoculum (4 micro litres) was applied using a micro pipette at 10 points along the ridges of the surface of detached pods, with a zoospore concentration of 30,000 per ml. The control treatments recieved sterile distilled water. The pods were arranged in a completely randomised design with 5 replications in plastic trays lined with moist paper towels and covered with another plastic tray. The trays were enclosed in plastic bags and incubated at 25 degrees C. After 72 hours frequency of lesions was assessed based on the mean of successful inoculation points observed. Four trials were conducted. For stab inoculation a standard injury was created on the pod surface using 20 pins penetrating to a depth of 3mm. Inoculation followed Sreenivasan (1985) placing a 4mm. diameter disc of filter paper immersed in a zoospore suspension 200,000 per ml on the wound and covering with a spot plaster. Controls were treated with sterile distilled water. Pods were arranged in completely randomised design with 5 replications per clone and incubated at 25 degrees C. in trays lined with moist tissue paper and covered with plastic film. After 5 days the area of the established lesion was determined by transcribing the outline of the lesion onto brown paper and the area of the cuttings determined by a leaf area meter. The experiment was conducted twice. Data collected was subjected to square root transformation and analysis of variance to determine significance. Character data: Immature pod, stomatal pore length: 10 pods were assessed at five points per pod for each clone. Mature pod, thickness of exocarp on ridge: each pod was measured at 5 points on the ridge. 10 pods were assessed per clone. Mature pod, thickness of exocarp on furrow: each pod was measured at 5 points on the furrow. 10 pods were assessed per clone. Mature pod, thickness of endocarp on ridge: each pod was measured at 5 points on the ridge. 10 pods were assessed per clone. Mature pod, thickness of endocarp on furrow: Each pod was measured at 5 points on the furrow. 10 pods were assessed per clone. Exocarp and mesocarp hardnes: tested at the equatior of the pods. 10 pods were assessed at 5 points per clone. Relative hardness was estimated in Newtons (N) per square mm. Pod wall moisture content: 5 pods were assessed for each clone. Wound: N=no, P=punch inoculation (4 mm hole), S3=stab inoculated to 3 mm depth, S9=stab inoculated to 9 mm depth. Morphological - Physiological Characteristics. Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda).

Disease; Moderate Resistance, sp. P. palmivora (Leaf (adaxial surface)).; Note: Interflush 2, Unattached and not wounded; Iwaro, D. et al., 1997

Reference

Iwaro, D., Sreenivasan, T.N. & Umaharan, P. 1997
Foliar resistance to Phytophthora palmivora as an indicator of pod resistance in Theobroma cacao. Plant Disease 81(6): pp. 619-624
Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Experimental conditions: Each clone was represented in the ICG,T by 15 trees. Fully expanded green leaves of new flush (interflush 2) and mature unripe pods of similar size to ripe pods were used as test samples. Tissue paper mount inoculation of a 30 micro litre zoospore suspension was used to assess leaf resistance. The suspension was placed on the leaf surface with a micropipette and a 1 sq cm. piece of tissue paper was placed on the drop to allow even spread. Both adaxial and abaxial surfaces were inoculated on separate leaves with suspensions of 400,000 and 150,000 respectively. Seven replications of each clone were incubated at 25 degrees C. in plastic trays lined with moist paper towels and covered with polythene film for 72 hours. Control leaves were treated with sterile distilled water. The experiment was repeated twice. Established lesions were those with a minimum size of 0.4mm. Multiple point inculation as described in Iwaro, D. et al (1997a) was used to assess pod resistance. The 12 clones were replicated five times with controls and established lesions were those with a minimum diameter of 2mm. Four trials were conducted. Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda).

Disease; Moderate Resistance, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Note: Average severity = 0.5. 10 trees sampled; McMahon, P. et al., 2006

Reference

McMahon, P., Wahab, A., Susilo, A.W., Iswanto, A., Purwantara, A., Sulistyowati, E., Junianto, Y., Sukamto, S., Suntoro, Mufrihati, E., Imron, M., Hidayat, M., Ismail, D., Lambert, S., Guest, D, and Keane, P. 2006
Selection for Quality and Resistance to Phytophthora Pod Rot, Cocoa Pod Borer and Vascular-Streak Dieback in Cocoa in Sulawesi. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Butterfat; Moderately Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded; Morera, J., 1993

Reference

Morera, J. 1993
Reaction of clones to Phytophthora palmivora. J. Morera, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal Communication.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance to Phytophthora Environment: Costa Rica, CATIE. No further details Germplasm: 305 clones of various origins

Disease; Resistant, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Sreenivasan, T.N., 1993

Reference

Sreenivasan, T.N. 1993
Screening for resistance to Black Pod. T.N. Sreenivasan, CRU, Trinidad. Personal Communication.
Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance of pods to infection from Phytophthora palmivora Environment: Trinidad, ICG,T. No further details. Germplasm: 54 clones of which 40 are ICS clones. The remainder include SCA, CATONGO and TSH.

Disease; Resistant, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Sreenivasan, T.N., 1980

Reference

Sreenivasan, T.N. 1980
Screening for resistance to Black Pod. Cocoa Research Unit Annual Report on Cocoa Research 1975-1980. University of the West Indies, Trinidad. p.16.
Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance of pods to P. palmivora infection after inoculation. Environment: Inoculation of P. palmivora (MF1) on attached pods. Germplasm: Fifty-six cocoa cultivars, the majority of which were ICS clones, with the inclusion of SCA 6, SCA 12, TSH 1188, TSH 1260, CATONGO, RB 1 [BRA], REDAMEL 1/22 and IMC 67.

Disease; Resistant, 5.00 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Note: Unripe and not wounded; Lopez-Baez, O. et al., 1996

Reference

Lopez-Baez, O., Fraire, V.G. & Cueto, M.J. 1996
Mejoramiento genetico para la resistencia a Phytophthora en Mexico. Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Contribution of Disease Resistance to Cocoa Variety Improvement, INGENIC, Salvador, 24th-26th September, 1996. pp.51-55.
Notes

Mexico - INIFAP, Rosario Izapa Disease - Phytophthora palmivora. Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS Immature fruit of 58 clones, four months old were innoculated with spores of Phytophthora palmivora isolated from a cocoa plantation. Innoculation was carried out with a drop on the surface on opposite sides of the pod, at a point near the widest circumference; each drop of the suspension was a concentration of approximately 24000 zoospores/ml. Innoculated fruit were covered in a plastic box which contained 10ml of distilled water in the bottom to maintain an atmosphere of high relative humidity. Evaluation of the results took place six days after innoculation. The size of the mark was taken as an average diameter from the point of infection.

Disease; Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Note: Unripe, Unattached and not wounded; Iwaro, D. et al., 1997

Reference

Iwaro, D., Sreenivasan, T.N. & Umaharan, P. 1997
Phytophthora resistance in cacao (Theobroma cacao): Influence of pod morphological characteristics. Plant Pathology 46: pp. 557-565
Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora STOMA_DS - Leaf/Fruit Anatomical Characteristics Germplasm: Information on 12 clones grown in the ICG,T. Environment: See details given for TTO - ICG,T Descriptors. Descriptors: Characteristics of the stomata, surface wax, exocarp and mesocarp hardness, exocarp and endocarp thickness of the pod are described in relation to infection by Phytophthora. Experimental Conditions: Each clone was represented by 15 trees at the ICG,T. Fully grown unripe pods were used. The multiple point inoculation method was used to assess frequency of lesions. A drop of inoculum (4 micro litres) was applied using a micro pipette at 10 points along the ridges of the surface of detached pods, with a zoospore concentration of 30,000 per ml. The control treatments recieved sterile distilled water. The pods were arranged in a completely randomised design with 5 replications in plastic trays lined with moist paper towels and covered with another plastic tray. The trays were enclosed in plastic bags and incubated at 25 degrees C. After 72 hours frequency of lesions was assessed based on the mean of successful inoculation points observed. Four trials were conducted. For stab inoculation a standard injury was created on the pod surface using 20 pins penetrating to a depth of 3mm. Inoculation followed Sreenivasan (1985) placing a 4mm. diameter disc of filter paper immersed in a zoospore suspension 200,000 per ml on the wound and covering with a spot plaster. Controls were treated with sterile distilled water. Pods were arranged in completely randomised design with 5 replications per clone and incubated at 25 degrees C. in trays lined with moist tissue paper and covered with plastic film. After 5 days the area of the established lesion was determined by transcribing the outline of the lesion onto brown paper and the area of the cuttings determined by a leaf area meter. The experiment was conducted twice. Data collected was subjected to square root transformation and analysis of variance to determine significance. Character data: Immature pod, stomatal pore length: 10 pods were assessed at five points per pod for each clone. Mature pod, thickness of exocarp on ridge: each pod was measured at 5 points on the ridge. 10 pods were assessed per clone. Mature pod, thickness of exocarp on furrow: each pod was measured at 5 points on the furrow. 10 pods were assessed per clone. Mature pod, thickness of endocarp on ridge: each pod was measured at 5 points on the ridge. 10 pods were assessed per clone. Mature pod, thickness of endocarp on furrow: Each pod was measured at 5 points on the furrow. 10 pods were assessed per clone. Exocarp and mesocarp hardnes: tested at the equatior of the pods. 10 pods were assessed at 5 points per clone. Relative hardness was estimated in Newtons (N) per square mm. Pod wall moisture content: 5 pods were assessed for each clone. Wound: N=no, P=punch inoculation (4 mm hole), S3=stab inoculated to 3 mm depth, S9=stab inoculated to 9 mm depth. Morphological - Physiological Characteristics. Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda).

Disease; Tolerant, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J., 1977

Reference

Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J. 1977
Mejoramiento genético para resistencia a cinco enfermedades del cacao. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Cocoa Research Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, 1977. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 45-56.
Notes

Various data sources Review of disease data complied at Costa Rica - CATIE from sources including: Costa Rica - CATIE, Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies, Ghana - WACRI, Ecuador - Pichilingue. Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot DIS___DS - Disease reaction to stress and disease DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_SSDS - Disease reaction to CSSV DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis Descriptors: Information on the type of disease/stress and the reaction of the clone.

Disease; Tolerant, 55.00 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded (Note: Resistant to epidermal and epicarp penetration.); Lawrence, J.S., 1978

Reference

Lawrence, J.S. 1978
Screening of cacao cultivars for resistance to Phytophthora palmivora in the collection at CATIE, Costa Rica. Revista Theobroma 8: pp. 125-131.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora ABSTRACT Screening of the CATIE collection for resistance to Phytophthora palmivora was initiated, using point-inoculation with zoospore suspension of unwounded attached pods to evaluate cultivar response. Of the 51 cultivars tested, 9 showed a promising degree of resistance; EET 59, EET 376, POUND 7, UF 713, UF 715, SCAVINA 6, SCAVINA 12, CATONGO, DIAMANTES 800. METHOD The inoculation method used was point inoculation with standard zoospore suspension of attached pods without wounding as described by Lawrence, 1978b [LAW78B]. Pods of known age, one month before maturity were used and whenever possible only one or two pods were selected from each tree. Ten replicate pods per cultivar were inoculated and when sufficient pods were available each cultivar was tested on at least two different occasions. Both percentage successful infection and average lesion diameters were recorded, the latter when lesion sizes on pods of UF 677, a standard, highly susceptible cultivar included in all tests, attained an average diameter of 6 cm. When cultivars were tested twice or more, percentage infection and average lesion diameters were calculated from the sum of all inoculated pods. The same single-sporangium P. palmivora isolate (morphological form 1, compatibility type A2), selected on the basis of pathogenicity on pods, was used in all tests. To maintain infective potential, the isolate was passed through pod tissue every 1-2 months. Zoospore suspensions at a concentration of 2 x 10 to the power of 5 spores/ml were prepared as described in Lawrence, 1978b [LAW78B]. All tests were carried out between April and December, a period which encompassed peaks in P. palmivora incidence and which coincided with the times of higher pod production and greatest rainfall. Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda.

Disease
Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus: Tolerant; Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J., 1977

Reference

Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J. 1977
Mejoramiento genético para resistencia a cinco enfermedades del cacao. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Cocoa Research Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, 1977. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 45-56.
Notes

Various data sources Review of disease data complied at Costa Rica - CATIE from sources including: Costa Rica - CATIE, Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies, Ghana - WACRI, Ecuador - Pichilingue. Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot DIS___DS - Disease reaction to stress and disease DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_SSDS - Disease reaction to CSSV DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis Descriptors: Information on the type of disease/stress and the reaction of the clone.

Disease
Vascular Streak Dieback: Cross: PA 135 [PER] x SCA 12; Tolerant; Bong, C.L. et al., 1995

Reference

Bong, C.L., Tay, E.B., Lee, M.T. & Chong, T.C. 1995
Comparative study on cultural practices and planting materials in the management of vascular streak dieback and productivity in cocoa. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 197-203.
Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Disease - Oncobasidium theobromae (local names: Vascular Streak Dieback) Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD ABSTRACT This study compares and evaluates the effectiveness of different planting materials, shade and fertilizer treatment in the management of vascular streak dieback (VSD) and improvement of productivity of cocoa in various environments. The study consisted of four trails of split-plot or split-split-plot design. These four trials were located on sites that differed in VSD disease pressure (moderate to high), topography and soil characteristics. Up to seven hybrids, two shade treatments and two fertilizer treatments were evaluated. The four years' results indicate that the resistance of planting materials to VSD is the major factor in effectively reducing VSD disease severity and improving productivity. The productivity however also depends on how well the planting materials adapt to other factors of the environment such as soil conditions. Outstanding in terms of yield and resistance to VSD were PA 138 x SCA 9 and SCA 12 x PA 35. The yield of resistant materials was 1.3x to 2.5x that of the susceptible check PA 7 x NA 32, a hybrid well known for its high yield potential. Yield of lightly shaded mature tree plots was on average 30% higher than those densely shaded plots while VSD disease severity was only marginally lower in the former plots. The differences in disease severity and yield between the densely shaded and lightly shaded plots of young trees (before the canopies overlap) was small and non-significant. On VSD disease severity, significant interaction between planting materials and shade was found. Such hybrids as PA 156 x IMC 67 showed lower disease severity under lighter shade. The effect of fertilizer treatment on VSD and yield was non-significant/ Thus VSD can be cost-effectively managed through the use of resistant planting materials and productivity greatly improved when these materials are also widely adaptable or when adequate shade density and manuring are provided. VSD disease severity assessment Method of Bong 1989 used. The disease severity of each of the terminal three flushes of 10 to 15 randomly selected twigs of a tree was scored on scale from 0 to 6. The classes 0 to 3 represent no infection to increasing number of infected leaves and increasing severity as judged by the extent of chlorosis and necrosis. Classes 4 to 6 represent increasing severity in number of infected leaves, increasing defoliation (infected leaf scars), number of fruiting bodies and dying back of the twigs. Assessment of VSD was carried out at intervals of one or two months. Assessment was carried out on centrally located trees. Area under disease progress curve (ADPC) calculated as described by Bong and Seow 1989.

Disease; 8.75 % Infection; Note: 24 plants sampled..; Subali, S., 1992

Reference

Subali, S. 1992
MARDI's results on performance of imported primary cocoa clones. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - MARDI Datafile: MARDI_DS MYS - MARDI Germplasm: Agronomic and morphological characteristics of some of the clones held by MARDI. Environment: No details.

Disease; Resistant; Sharma, M., 1992

Reference

Sharma, M. 1992
The performance of imported F0 clones at United Plantations Bhd. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - United Plantations Bhd., Jendarata Estate, Perak Agronomic Characters - United Plantations Bhd., Malaysia, Disease - Oncobasidium theobromae (local names: Vascular Streak Dieback) Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD UP____DS MYS - United Plantations Bhd. Germplasm: Agronomic characteristics and disease reaction information is presented for 126 clones held in the germplasm garden at Sungei Bernam Estate. Environment: Material was planted in 1988. They were underplanted in a 1974 MAWA planting over Selangor series (coastal clay). Descriptors: Early performance of clones was determined by yield measurements over 2 years. Data for two control clones are given: PBC 113 and PBC 130

Disease; Tolerant; Phua, P.K. et al., 1990

Reference

Phua, P.K., Lamin, K & Lee, M.T. 1990
Cocoa germplasm in Sabah and their potential. In: Proceedings of the MCGC-Malaysia Cocoa Board Workshop on Cocoa Agricultural Research. MCGC, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - Sabah Disease - Oncobasidium theobromae (local names: Vascular Streak Dieback) Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Descriptors: Records details of bean weight, shell content, wet to dry bean conversion ratio, pod conversion index, bean number per pod, annual pod yield per tree, sexual compatibility. Environment: Cocoa Research Station, Tawau and Agricultural Research Station, Tenom, Sabah, Malaysia Germplasm: Local selections made in Malaysia and imported germplasm comprising mainly of PA [PER], NA, IMC, SCA and POUND [POU] material

Disease; Tolerant; Sharma, M., 1992

Reference

Sharma, M. 1992
The performance of imported F0 clones at United Plantations Bhd. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - United Plantations Bhd., Jendarata Estate, Perak Agronomic Characters - United Plantations Bhd., Malaysia, Disease - Oncobasidium theobromae (local names: Vascular Streak Dieback) Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD UP____DS MYS - United Plantations Bhd. Germplasm: Agronomic characteristics and disease reaction information is presented for 126 clones held in the germplasm garden at Sungei Bernam Estate. Environment: Material was planted in 1988. They were underplanted in a 1974 MAWA planting over Selangor series (coastal clay). Descriptors: Early performance of clones was determined by yield measurements over 2 years. Data for two control clones are given: PBC 113 and PBC 130

Disease
Witches Broom: Resistant (Field Reaction).; Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M., 1997

Reference

Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M. 1997
Evaluating resistance/tolerance to Witches' Broom disease in Bahia, Brazil. Final Report to ACRI. CEPLAC/CEPEC, February, 1997. pp. 56. Data supplied to ICGD by Luz & Silva.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Bahia Datafile: DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom Experimental Conditions: Basidiospores were obtained from basidiocarps produced on brooms from Camacan, BA, Brazil, the source area of all inoculum used to screen germplasm. Brooms were hung inside "broom chambers" (vassoureiros) and kept in an 8 hr wet/16 hr dry environment as described by Suarez-Capello (1977) and Rocha and Wheeler (1985). Basidiospores were collected in a 16 percent glycerol solution and stored in liquid nitrogen as described by Frias et al (1995) prior to the inoculation tests. Basidiospore germination tests were performed spraying water-agar plates with the basidiospore suspension kept in liquid nitrogen the day before and immediately after the inoculation. The number of germinated basidiospores were recorded after 24 hr and the inoculum concentration adjusted to the number of viable basidiospores. Suspensions with spore germination of less than 75 percent were not used. At least 112 seedlings, divided in 4 replications of 28 seedlings each, of each of the 176 families obtained from open pollinated seeds planted in tubes with sterilized soil were inoculated when presenting a new flush with at least one leaf 1.5 cm long. 1 ml of a suspension of 75,000 basidiospores of C. pernisiosa/ml were sprayed by the automated inoculation system (Frias at al 1995). Plants were then kept in an incubation chamber for 24 hr at 24 degrees centigrade with 100 percent relative humidity. Individual plant responses were recorded 60 days after inoculation. In all inoculation tests performed SCA 6 and SCA 12 were included as standard resistant progenies and CATONGO as a standard susceptible progeny. Disease - Crinipellis perniciosa (Marasmius perniciosa) (local names: Witches' Broom Disease, Escoba de bruja, Balai de sorciere, Vassoura de bruxa).

Disease; Resistant (Field Reaction).; Monteiro, W.R. & Silva, S.D.V.M., 1998

Reference

Monteiro, W.R. & Silva, S.D.V.M. 1998
Individual Institute Reports - Brazil, CEPEC. Report on the IPGRI project: Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation, A Global Approach. Appendix to General Progress Report of Year 1.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom Descriptors: General observations and main traits of genotypes Environment: No details Germplasm: Clones included in the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation project.

Disease; Resistant (Seedling).; Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M., 1997

Reference

Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M. 1997
Evaluating resistance/tolerance to Witches' Broom disease in Bahia, Brazil. Final Report to ACRI. CEPLAC/CEPEC, February, 1997. pp. 56. Data supplied to ICGD by Luz & Silva.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Bahia Datafile: DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom Experimental Conditions: Basidiospores were obtained from basidiocarps produced on brooms from Camacan, BA, Brazil, the source area of all inoculum used to screen germplasm. Brooms were hung inside "broom chambers" (vassoureiros) and kept in an 8 hr wet/16 hr dry environment as described by Suarez-Capello (1977) and Rocha and Wheeler (1985). Basidiospores were collected in a 16 percent glycerol solution and stored in liquid nitrogen as described by Frias et al (1995) prior to the inoculation tests. Basidiospore germination tests were performed spraying water-agar plates with the basidiospore suspension kept in liquid nitrogen the day before and immediately after the inoculation. The number of germinated basidiospores were recorded after 24 hr and the inoculum concentration adjusted to the number of viable basidiospores. Suspensions with spore germination of less than 75 percent were not used. At least 112 seedlings, divided in 4 replications of 28 seedlings each, of each of the 176 families obtained from open pollinated seeds planted in tubes with sterilized soil were inoculated when presenting a new flush with at least one leaf 1.5 cm long. 1 ml of a suspension of 75,000 basidiospores of C. pernisiosa/ml were sprayed by the automated inoculation system (Frias at al 1995). Plants were then kept in an incubation chamber for 24 hr at 24 degrees centigrade with 100 percent relative humidity. Individual plant responses were recorded 60 days after inoculation. In all inoculation tests performed SCA 6 and SCA 12 were included as standard resistant progenies and CATONGO as a standard susceptible progeny. Disease - Crinipellis perniciosa (Marasmius perniciosa) (local names: Witches' Broom Disease, Escoba de bruja, Balai de sorciere, Vassoura de bruxa).

Disease; Resistant; Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower; Susceptible; Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower; Tolerant; Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J., 1977

Reference

Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J. 1977
Mejoramiento genético para resistencia a cinco enfermedades del cacao. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Cocoa Research Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, 1977. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 45-56.
Notes

Various data sources Review of disease data complied at Costa Rica - CATIE from sources including: Costa Rica - CATIE, Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies, Ghana - WACRI, Ecuador - Pichilingue. Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot DIS___DS - Disease reaction to stress and disease DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_SSDS - Disease reaction to CSSV DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis Descriptors: Information on the type of disease/stress and the reaction of the clone.

Disease; Tolerant; Sreenivasan, T.N., 1987

Reference

Sreenivasan, T.N. 1987
ICGT Germplasm at Marper Farm showing freedom from cushion Brooms and vegetative brooms. Unpublished report, CRU, Trinidad and Tobago.
Notes

Trinidad - Marper Farm, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom Descriptors: Resistance based on freedom from cushion brooms and vegetative brooms Environment: Marper Farm, Trinidad Germplasm: 182 clones mostly collected by Pound: AM [POU], B [POU], CL, CLM, IMC, JA [POU], LP [POU], LV [POU], LX, LZ, MO, MOQ, NA, PA [PER], SCA, SJ [POU], SLA, SLC, SM [POU]

Disease

YIELD

Show Details Hide Details

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture, 1992: Seed Index: 158.7 (dried beans per 100g); Pod Index: 40.5 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture 1992
Data from Applied Agriculture Research Unit (AARU). In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pp. 4.
Notes

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture Research Datafile: AARU__DS MYS - Applied Agriculture Germplasm: Agronomic characteristics of 120 of the clones held at Applied Agriculture Research. The clones were field budded on 1982 seedlings planting between 1984 and 1987. Environment: No details given.

Yield Bean
Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991: Seed Index: 151.5 (dried beans per 100g); Pod Index: 41.5 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991
Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

Yield Bean Butterfat Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Pod Index: 31.1 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Clapperton, J. et al., 1994: Seed Index: 124.0 (dried beans per 100g); Reference

Reference

Clapperton, J., Yow, S., Chan, J., Lim, D., Lockwood, R., Romanczyk, L. & Hammerstone, J. 1994
The contribution of genotype to cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) flavour. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 71(4): pp. 303-308.
Notes

Malaysia - Sabah Datafile: FLAV__DS -Flavour assessment of genotypes Descriptors: Assessment of flavour attributes, especially cocoa flavour intensity, acidity, sourness, bitterness and astringency. Bitterness and astringency are tested against presence of caffeine and polyphenols. Affects on flavour of prolonged storage of the beans is also assessed. Materials and Methods. Six genotypes (AML, IMC 67, NA 33, PA 7, SCA 12, UIT 1) were selected for preliminary flavour trials due to their widespread use in cocoa breeding in Malaysia and elsewhere. Fermentation and Drying. Experiment 1: ripe pods were harvested on one day and stored for 5 days before breaking. 50kg wet beans were fermented on trays covered with banana leaves, for 120h with a single turn after 48h. Beans were then dried in the sun (supplemented by an indirect heat source during wet weather). Positions were rotated to ensure even drying for each genotype. The procedure was replicated four times between October and December 1989. Experiment 2: UIT 1 alone was used to test the effects of 10 and 15 days pod storage, each receiving 72 and 120h fermentation. Trials were replicated 3 times over six weeks under the conditions described for experiment 1. Cocoa liquors and chocolates were prepared in the UK according to the recommendations of the BCCCA (1980). Taste Testing. Each liquor (4 replicates of six genotypes, including a hidden West African reference) were tasted 3 times. Tasting was carried out by an independent assessor according to an incomplete block experimental test design, and by trained panellists from various chocolate manufacturers using their own taste procedures for liquors and chocolates. Liquors from experiment 2 were tasted by the independent assessor according to an incomplete block experimental test design in which each liquor was tasted 4 times. Data was analysed using analysis of variance on each flavour attribute. Constituent testing. Cocoa butter contents were estimated using soxhlet extraction (International Office of Cocoa, Chocolate and Sugar Confectionary, 1972) Alkaloids caffeine and theobromine analysed using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a diode ray detector at 280nm. Flavanols catechin and epicatechin were separated and estimated using HPLC and fluorescence detection. Procyanins were analysed using 2-dimensional chromatography. Character Data: Liquor flavour; cocoa, astringency, acidity: scored on a scale of 1-15 (15=high intensity). Plain chocolate; chocolate, sweetness, acidity, bitterness, astringency, metal, brown fruit, tobacco, mouldy, musty, earthy, baggy: scored on a scale of 1-15 (15=high intensity).

Yield
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Seed Index: 169.4 (dried beans per 100g); Productivity: low; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
McMahon, P. et al., 2006: Seed Index: 188.0 (dried beans per 100g); Pod Index: 62.0 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

McMahon, P., Wahab, A., Susilo, A.W., Iswanto, A., Purwantara, A., Sulistyowati, E., Junianto, Y., Sukamto, S., Suntoro, Mufrihati, E., Imron, M., Hidayat, M., Ismail, D., Lambert, S., Guest, D, and Keane, P. 2006
Selection for Quality and Resistance to Phytophthora Pod Rot, Cocoa Pod Borer and Vascular-Streak Dieback in Cocoa in Sulawesi. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Butterfat
Denna Eriani Munandar et al., 2009: Yield: 1060 kg ha^-1 yr^-1; Reference

Reference

Denna Eriani Munandar, Soetanto Abdoellah, Eko Mardiono, S.M. Sitompul & M. Roviq 2009
Anatomical and Physiological Characteristics as well as Yield of some Fine Flavour and Bulk Cocoa Clones in Indonesia. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference, Bali, Indonesia (November 2009). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Yield
Wilbert Phillips et al., 2009: Yield: 231 kg ha^-1 yr^-1; Note: 3 year mean; Reference

Reference

Wilbert Phillips, José Castillo, Adriana Arciniegas, Allan Mata, Aldo Sánchez, Mariela Leandro, Carlos Astorga, Juan Motamayor, Bill Guyton, Ed Seguine & Ray Schnell 2009
Overcoming the Main Limiting Factors of Cacao Production in Central America through the use of Improved Clones Developed at CATIE. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference, Bali, Indonesia (November 2009). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield
Ricardo Goenaga et al., 2009: Pod Index: 31.0 (pods per kg dried beans); Yield: 1275 kg ha^-1 yr^-1; Yield (dry beans per tree): 0.85 kg; Reference

Reference

Ricardo Goenaga, Heber Irizarry & Brian Irish 2009
TARS Series of Cacao Germplasm Selections. HORTSCIENCE 44(3): 826-827
DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.44.3.826

Yield Flavour

BEAN

Show Details Hide Details

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture, 1992: Number: 39.3; Dry Weight: 0.63 g; Reference

Reference

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture 1992
Data from Applied Agriculture Research Unit (AARU). In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pp. 4.
Notes

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture Research Datafile: AARU__DS MYS - Applied Agriculture Germplasm: Agronomic characteristics of 120 of the clones held at Applied Agriculture Research. The clones were field budded on 1982 seedlings planting between 1984 and 1987. Environment: No details given.

Yield Bean
Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991: Number: 36.4; Total Dry Weight: 24.1 g; Dry Weight: 0.66 g; Note: 45 plants sampled; Reference

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991
Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

Yield Bean Butterfat Flower
Bartley, B.G.D., 1970: Size: small; Reference

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1970
A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: ICGT2_DS TTO - UWI Cacao Collection Germplasm: Passport descriptors for approximately 1000 accessions of mainly South American and Trinidadian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Six descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics. Character Data: Combinations used FXC = forastero x criollo, TX = trinitario cross

Bean Fruit Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: purple; Shape: elliptical; Number: 46.0; Total Wet Weight: 54.7 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.70 g; Cotyledon Length: 20.9 mm; Cotyledon Width: 10.3 mm; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Colour Dark Purple: Present; Colour Light Purple: Absent; Colour Grey: Absent; Colour White: Absent; Colour Mottled: Absent; Number: 38.3; Maximum Number: 53; Cotyledon Wet Weight: 1.03 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.59 g; Cotyledon Length: 21.6 mm; Cotyledon Width: 10.6 mm; Cotyledon Thickness: 7.4 mm; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967: Colour Purple: 92 %; Colour Light Purple: 8 %; Shape: round; Length: 22.0 mm; Width: 10.5 mm; Thickness: 7.1 mm; Cotyledon Wet Weight: 1.10 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.66 g; Reference

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
KKO, 1993: Colour: dark purple; Shape: cylindrical; Size: small; Number: 48.0; Reference

Reference

KKO 1993
Information from the KKO cocoa germplasm database. Information supplied on computer diskette by C. Cilas, CIRAD-CP, France.
Notes

Cote d'Ivoire and Togo - CIRAD Datafile: CIRAD_DS FRA - CIRAD Passport characteristics Germplasm: Descriptors given for 173 clones of mainly West African and French Guyanian origin. Compilation of data from Côte d'Ivoire and Togo. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Thirteen descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics.

Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990: Colour Dark Purple: 92 %; Colour Light Purple: 8 %; Cotyledon Wet Weight: 1.10 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.66 g; Cotyledon Length: 22.0 mm; Cotyledon Width: 10.5 mm; Cotyledon Thickness: 7.1 mm; Reference

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower

BUTTERFAT

Show Details Hide Details

Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991: Butterfat Content: 53.00 %; Maximum Butterfat Content: 55.21 %; Minimum Butterfat Content: 51.75 %; Note: 7 plants sampled; Reference

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991
Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

Yield Bean Butterfat Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Testa: 9.40 %; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
McMahon, P. et al., 2006: Butterfat Content: 49.20 %; Testa: 17.27 %; Reference

Reference

McMahon, P., Wahab, A., Susilo, A.W., Iswanto, A., Purwantara, A., Sulistyowati, E., Junianto, Y., Sukamto, S., Suntoro, Mufrihati, E., Imron, M., Hidayat, M., Ismail, D., Lambert, S., Guest, D, and Keane, P. 2006
Selection for Quality and Resistance to Phytophthora Pod Rot, Cocoa Pod Borer and Vascular-Streak Dieback in Cocoa in Sulawesi. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Butterfat

FRUIT

Show Details Hide Details

Bartley, B.G.D., 1970: Size: medium; Reference

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1970
A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: ICGT2_DS TTO - UWI Cacao Collection Germplasm: Passport descriptors for approximately 1000 accessions of mainly South American and Trinidadian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Six descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics. Character Data: Combinations used FXC = forastero x criollo, TX = trinitario cross

Bean Fruit Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Shape: elliptical; Basal Constriction: moderate; Apex Form: acute; Rugosity: slight; Length: 169.0 mm; Breadth: 82.0 mm; Colour: anthocyanin absent; Hardness: hard; Note: Hardness > 2.0 Mpa; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Brazil - CEPEC, 1987: Rugosity: intense; Reference

Reference

Brazil - CEPEC 1987
List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: CEPEC_DS BRA - CEPEC 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: 564 accessions mainly of Brazilian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on compatability pod characteristics and type of cocoa is given.

Bean Fruit Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Basal Constriction: very slight; Apex Form: slightly acute; Rugosity: moderate; Husk Thickness: 9.2 mm (11.6 - 6.8); Length: 171.0 mm; Breadth: 83.0 mm; Colour: absent anthocyanin; Weight: 477.0 g; Pods Per Tree: 3; Hardness: hard; Length Breadth Ratio: 2.06; Note: ratio of distances between ridges within a pair and between ridges of two different pairs = 0.70; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967: Shape: cundeamor; Husk Thickness: 10.1 mm; Length: 163.0 mm; Breadth: 77.0 mm; Colour: yellow / yellow and red (ridge/furrow); Hardness: very soft; Length Breadth Ratio: 2.16; Reference

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
KKO, 1993: Shape: oval; Rugosity: intense; Reference

Reference

KKO 1993
Information from the KKO cocoa germplasm database. Information supplied on computer diskette by C. Cilas, CIRAD-CP, France.
Notes

Cote d'Ivoire and Togo - CIRAD Datafile: CIRAD_DS FRA - CIRAD Passport characteristics Germplasm: Descriptors given for 173 clones of mainly West African and French Guyanian origin. Compilation of data from Côte d'Ivoire and Togo. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Thirteen descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics.

Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990: Shape: cundeamor; Rugosity: moderate; Husk Thickness: 10.1 mm; Length: 163.0 mm; Breadth: 77.0 mm; Colour: yellow and green / yellow (ridge/furrow); Hardness: soft; Length Breadth Ratio: 2.11; Reference

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Morera, J. et al., 1991: Shape: amelonado; Colour: green; Reference

Reference

Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. 1991
Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot CATIE3DS CRI - CATIE 3 DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 559 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, self-compatibility, resistance to disease, pod shape and colour are described. Population types - CATIE, Costa Rica (3). Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda), Moniliophthora / Monilia roreri (local names: Watery Pod Rot, Moniliasis, Moniliose), Ceratocystis fimbriata (local names: Ceratocystis Wilt, Mal de Machete, Mort Subite).

Disease Fruit Flower

PHENOTYPING

Fiona Lahive, 2017: Accession: RUQ 1689; Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 5.29 μmol m² s^-1; Stomatal Conductance: 0.07 mol m² s^-1; Transpiration Rate: 1.10 mmol m² s^-1; Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 72.55 μmol mol^-1; Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 4.99 mmol mol^-1; Flush Size: 3; Leaf Area: 208.30 cm²; Leaf Dry Weight: 1.24 g; Specific Leaf Area: 168.70 cm² g^-1; Reference

Reference

Fiona Lahive 2017
Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.
Notes

Data for single trees in ICQC,R. Each value is a mean of 2 time points with 6 leaves per tree (12 measurements), except flush size, which was 2 branches per tree (4 measurements).

Phenotyping

FLUSH

Show Details Hide Details

Allen, J.B., 1988: Colour: slight anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Allen, J.B. 1988
Geographical variation and population biology in wild Theobroma cacao. PhD. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, U.K. pp. 197.
Notes

Colombia, Ecuador - Amazon region Datafile: LCT___DC ECU - LCTAP Fruit and seed characteristics LCT2__DS LCTAP Habit and flower characteristics LCT___DS ECU - LCTAP Field and genebank data Germplasm: Details of 234 LCT-EEN and EBC accessions from material collected in the Amazon region of Ecuador and R. Caqueta, Colombia and several of Pound's collections held at the San Carlos genebank. Environment: Accessions were either described at the time of collection or after planting in the field genebank at the San Carlos site of the INIAP Napo-Payamino Experimental Station in Napo Province. In the field genebank, a maximum of 10 seedlings for each collection were planted in a single row and budwood collections were planted as a row of up to 5 plants. Trees were spaced at 3m within the row and 4m between rows. Meteorological data are given in the table as mean daily maximum and mean daily minimum temperature and mean total rainfall per month. Soil analyses were carried out in the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Edinburgh University, UK. The table shows the means of duplicate analyses of five samples taken from the genebank site and the forest surrounding the genebank. Soil data: pH 4.2 Org. Mat. (%) 9.4 N (Total, %) 0.3 P (Total, µg/g) 702 Ca (meq/100g) 5.19 Mg (meq/100g) 1.60 K (meq/100g) 0.48 Ca/Mg (ratio) 3.24 Ca+Mg/K (ratio) 14.1 Meteorological data: Temperature (°C) Rainfall (mm) Daily Max. Daily Min. January 30.9 21.2 116.2 February 29.1 20.6 272.3 March 29.8 21.2 260.0 April 29.9 21.3 327.5 May 29.9 21.0 287.9 June 27.9 20.4 308.1 July 28.1 20.0 254.1 August 29.3 20.3 262.5 September 30.3 20.5 282.4 October 30.6 21.1 257.1 November 30.8 21.1 361.2 December 31.0 21.4 154.8 Descriptors: The coding of the descriptors, and the methodology of recording, is based on the IBPGR standardised format, Engels et al., 1980 [ENG80A] and Engels, 1981 [ENG81A]. However, pod and bean data were recorded from a sample of 1-5 pods per collection, rather than the recommended sample of 10-20 pods due to limited availability of pods.

Flush Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: slight anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Colour: greyish yellow; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967: Colour: very slight anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990: Colour: green; Reference

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower

LEAF

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967: Length to Width Ratio: 2.66; Basal Angle: 113.0 °; Apical Angle: 93.0 °; Reference

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990: Length to Width Ratio: 2.66; Basal Angle: 113.0 °; Apical Angle: 93.0 °; Reference

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower

FLOWER

Show Details Hide Details

Allen, J.B., 1988: Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Sepal Colour: anthocyanin absent; Sepal Length: 8.50 mm; Ovary Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical); Pedicel Colour: anthocyanin absent; Reference

Reference

Allen, J.B. 1988
Geographical variation and population biology in wild Theobroma cacao. PhD. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, U.K. pp. 197.
Notes

Colombia, Ecuador - Amazon region Datafile: LCT___DC ECU - LCTAP Fruit and seed characteristics LCT2__DS LCTAP Habit and flower characteristics LCT___DS ECU - LCTAP Field and genebank data Germplasm: Details of 234 LCT-EEN and EBC accessions from material collected in the Amazon region of Ecuador and R. Caqueta, Colombia and several of Pound's collections held at the San Carlos genebank. Environment: Accessions were either described at the time of collection or after planting in the field genebank at the San Carlos site of the INIAP Napo-Payamino Experimental Station in Napo Province. In the field genebank, a maximum of 10 seedlings for each collection were planted in a single row and budwood collections were planted as a row of up to 5 plants. Trees were spaced at 3m within the row and 4m between rows. Meteorological data are given in the table as mean daily maximum and mean daily minimum temperature and mean total rainfall per month. Soil analyses were carried out in the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Edinburgh University, UK. The table shows the means of duplicate analyses of five samples taken from the genebank site and the forest surrounding the genebank. Soil data: pH 4.2 Org. Mat. (%) 9.4 N (Total, %) 0.3 P (Total, µg/g) 702 Ca (meq/100g) 5.19 Mg (meq/100g) 1.60 K (meq/100g) 0.48 Ca/Mg (ratio) 3.24 Ca+Mg/K (ratio) 14.1 Meteorological data: Temperature (°C) Rainfall (mm) Daily Max. Daily Min. January 30.9 21.2 116.2 February 29.1 20.6 272.3 March 29.8 21.2 260.0 April 29.9 21.3 327.5 May 29.9 21.0 287.9 June 27.9 20.4 308.1 July 28.1 20.0 254.1 August 29.3 20.3 262.5 September 30.3 20.5 282.4 October 30.6 21.1 257.1 November 30.8 21.1 361.2 December 31.0 21.4 154.8 Descriptors: The coding of the descriptors, and the methodology of recording, is based on the IBPGR standardised format, Engels et al., 1980 [ENG80A] and Engels, 1981 [ENG81A]. However, pod and bean data were recorded from a sample of 1-5 pods per collection, rather than the recommended sample of 10-20 pods due to limited availability of pods.

Flush Flower
Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991: Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Reference

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991
Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

Yield Bean Butterfat Flower
Bartley, B.G.D., 1958: Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Reference

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1958
Trinitario-Scavina hybrids - new prospects for cocoa improvement. In: Proceedings of the 1957 Cocoa Conference, London. Cocoa, Chocolate and Confectionery Alliance, London, U.K. pp. 36-40.
Notes

Trinidad - Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, University of the West Indies Datafile: COMP__DS - Compatibility Descriptors: Preliminary yields, disease resistance of hybrids, compatibility of parent types Environment: Regional Research Centre, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, University of the West Indies, Trinidad. Germplasm: ICS and SCA genotypes

Flower
Bartley, B.G.D., 1970: Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Reference

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1970
A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: ICGT2_DS TTO - UWI Cacao Collection Germplasm: Passport descriptors for approximately 1000 accessions of mainly South American and Trinidadian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Six descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics. Character Data: Combinations used FXC = forastero x criollo, TX = trinitario cross

Bean Fruit Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent; Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Sepal Length: 7.72 mm; Ligule Width: 2.70 mm; Ovule Number: 43; Style Length: 2.41 mm; Pedicel Colour: green; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Coral, F.J. & Soria, V.J., 1974: Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Reference

Reference

Coral, F.J. & Soria, V.J. 1974
Diferentes graus de autocompatibilidade em Theobroma cacao L. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Cocoa Research Conference, 1972, St. Augustine, Trinidad. Cocoa Research Unit, Trinidad. pp. 77-81.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: COMP__DS - Compatibility Descriptors: Self and cross-compatibility Environment: Cacao genotypes grown at Turrialba, Costa Rica at an altitude of 600 metres and La Lola Experimental Station, in the Atlantic zone of Costa Rica at an altitude of 60 metres. Germplasm: Mainly ICS, IMC and SCA genotypes with crosses made to some UF genotypes

Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical); Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Sepal Colour: greyish green; Sepal Width: 2.39 mm; Sepal Length: 8.27 mm; Ligule Length: 7.31 mm; Ligule Width: 2.68 mm; Ovary Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical); Ovary Width: 1.01 mm; Ovary Length: 1.45 mm; Style Length: 2.47 mm; Staminode Length: 7.58 mm; Pedicel Colour: pale red; Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Note: Translation of Methuen colour codes.; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967: Bud Colour: anthocyanin absent; Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent; Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Guide Line Length: 3.50 mm; Sepal Colour: anthocyanin absent; Sepal Width: 2.60 mm; Sepal Length: 7.20 mm; Sepal Length to Width Ratio: 2.86; Ligule Length: 2.70 mm; Ligule Width: 2.80 mm; Ligule Length to Width Ratio: 0.96; Ribbon Length: 3.50 mm; Ribbon Colour: anthocyanin absent; Ovary Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical), anthocyanin absent (basal); Ovary Width: 1.00 mm; Ovary Length: 1.50 mm; Ovary Length to Width Ratio: 1.24; Ovule Number: 53; Style Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical), anthocyanin absent (basal); Style Length: 2.50 mm; Staminode Colour: intense anthocyanin; Staminode Length: 6.90 mm; Pedicel Length: 14.00 mm; Pedicel Colour: anthocyanin absent, slight anthocyani (ab), anthocyanin absent (basal); Hairs on Upper Surface of Sepal: present; Pigmented Glands on Lower Surface of Sepal: present; Horns at Base of Guide Lines: absent; Pigmented Spot on Pollen Sac: absent; Self Compatibility: self compatible; Reference

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
KKO, 1993: Self Compatibility: self compatible; Reference

Reference

KKO 1993
Information from the KKO cocoa germplasm database. Information supplied on computer diskette by C. Cilas, CIRAD-CP, France.
Notes

Cote d'Ivoire and Togo - CIRAD Datafile: CIRAD_DS FRA - CIRAD Passport characteristics Germplasm: Descriptors given for 173 clones of mainly West African and French Guyanian origin. Compilation of data from Côte d'Ivoire and Togo. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Thirteen descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics.

Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990: Bud Colour: white; Ligule Colour: white; Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Guide Line Length: 3.50 mm; Sepal Colour: white; Sepal Width: 2.60 mm; Sepal Length: 7.20 mm; Ligule Length: 2.70 mm; Ligule Width: 2.80 mm; Ribbon Length: 3.50 mm; Ribbon Colour: white; Ovary Width: 1.00 mm; Ovary Length: 1.50 mm; Ovule Number: 53; Style Colour: white (apical), white (basal); Style Length: 2.50 mm; Staminode Colour: light red - yellow; Staminode Length: 3.00 mm; Pedicel Length: 14.00 mm; Pedicel Colour: white, green (ab), white (basal); Hairs on Upper Surface of Sepal: present; Pigmented Glands on Lower Surface of Sepal: present; Horns at Base of Guide Lines: absent; Reference

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Morera, J. et al., 1991: Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Reference

Reference

Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. 1991
Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot CATIE3DS CRI - CATIE 3 DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 559 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, self-compatibility, resistance to disease, pod shape and colour are described. Population types - CATIE, Costa Rica (3). Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda), Moniliophthora / Monilia roreri (local names: Watery Pod Rot, Moniliasis, Moniliose), Ceratocystis fimbriata (local names: Ceratocystis Wilt, Mal de Machete, Mort Subite).

Disease Fruit Flower

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