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PA 7 [PER] Group Name Theobroma cacao

Pound, F.J. (1938)
Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

Derivation: PArinari.
Collected by Pound.
Location: Parinari, Peru.

Pound, 1938a: [POU38A] type 1 - long, generally warty pods with a pronounced bottleneck and a conspicuous point, type 2 - lack the pronounced bottleneck, type 3 - pods shorter and lack both the pronounced bottle neck and point, type 4 - smooth lagarta, ie with bottle neck and point but with shallow furrows and a smooth shell, type 5 - as type 1 but with very small beans, type 6 - short, 10 ridged oval, warty pods, sometimes with red tint. Posnette, 1945A [POS45A]. Parinari type has long petioles (2-3 cm) with pulvini separated by a long, deep constriction even when young. The stamen filaments are not pigmented.

Notes: Selections from the region around Parinari.

Pound, 1938a [POU38A]. Pods probably collected from some 20 trees free of Witches' Broom in a population of type 1,2,3, and 4. Further collections may have made around Porvenir (between the Boca del Huallaga and Boca del Pastaza) from types 5 and 6.

Pound, 1943b [POU43B]. 277 plants were planted at Marper farm.

Bartley, 1998a [BAR98A] Parinari means tree and it is the name of a place on the River Amazon (Maranon) in Peru. However it is believed to refer to a region rather than a specific place. Types 5 and 6 were collected from along the whole stretch of the Maranon River.

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Synonyms: IFC 317 [IMP], G VI 188, PARINARI 7 [PER]

RECOMMENDED PLANTING MATERIAL Disclaimer

Recommended Planting Material

Disclaimer
Recommendations for planting materials are made by the referenced authors for specific regions and growing conditions. They are provided here as a guide and historic record only. To confirm the most appropriate planting material for your needs and its availability, please contact your local cocoa authority.

Details on clones that are available for distribution and guidelines on the safe movement of cacao germplasm can be obtained from the International Cocoa Quarantine Centre, Reading

Lockwood, G, 2015: Recommended seed parent in:
Ghana; Seed Garden / Source: Cocobod-SPD; Bi-parental cross: PA 7 [PER] x T 85 /799 [POS]; Recommended by: Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG), Ghana; Year: 1999 (Current); Reference

Reference

Lockwood, G 2015
Report on Cacao Planting Materials from Various Cocoa Producing Countries. Supplying New Cocoa Planting Material to Farmers: A Review of Propagation Methodologies, edited by Brigitte Laliberté and Michelle J End, 121–50. Rome: Bioversity International
Recommended material
Sounigo, Olivier & Ives Bruno Efombagn Mousseni, 2012: Recommended seed parent in:
Cameroon; Seed Garden / Source: PSCC/IRAD; Female Parent in Seed Garden with: IMC 60 | UPA 143 | UPA 337 | PA 70 [PER] | BBK 726 | P 7 [POU] | GU 255 /V | GU 144 /C | IMC 67 | PA 107 [PER] | PA 150 [PER] | SCA 12 | SCA 6 | SCA 24 | T 60 /887 [POS] | T 79 /501 [POS] | UPA 134 | SNK 630 | ICS 84 | SNK 15 | SNK 413 | SNK 64 | SNK 608 | SNK 620 | TIKO 32 | BBK 1016 | BBK 109; Recommended by: Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD), Cameroon; Status: current; Reference

Reference

Sounigo, Olivier & Ives Bruno Efombagn Mousseni 2012
Cocoa Improvement and Variety Delivery Effort in Cameroon. INGENIC Seventh Workshop: Cocoa Variety Development and the Supply of Planting Materials to Farmers. 21st - 22nd October 2012
Recommended material

PEDIGREE DETAILS

Mother to:: ARDACIAR 10 Dinarti, D et al., 2015

Reference

Dinarti, D, Agung W Susilo, Lyndel W Meinhardt, K Ji, Lambert A Motilal, S Mischke, & Dapeng Zhang 2015
Genetic Diversity and Parentage in Farmer Selections of Cacao from Southern Sulawesi, Indonesia Revealed by Microsatellite Markers. Breeding Science 65 (5): 438–46
DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.65.438; BAL 206 Pang, J.T.Y. et al., 1994

Reference

Pang, J.T.Y., Lim, D.H.K. & Lockwood, G. 1994
Clonal cocoa trials and selection for superior clones. In: Proceedings of the International Cocoa Conference: Challenges in the 90's, Kuala Lumpur, 1991. Malaysian Cocoa Board, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. pp. 38-47.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: PROGENY_; C 40 [TAF] Toxopeus, H., 1968

Reference

Toxopeus, H. 1968
Establishment of cacao clones in Nigeria. Euphytica, 17: pp 38-45.
Notes

Nigeria - CRIN Datafile: PROGENY_; C 42 [TAF] Toxopeus, H., 1968

Reference

Toxopeus, H. 1968
Establishment of cacao clones in Nigeria. Euphytica, 17: pp 38-45.
Notes

Nigeria - CRIN Datafile: PROGENY_; C 43 [TAF] Toxopeus, H., 1968

Reference

Toxopeus, H. 1968
Establishment of cacao clones in Nigeria. Euphytica, 17: pp 38-45.
Notes

Nigeria - CRIN Datafile: PROGENY_; C 57 [TAF] Toxopeus, H., 1968

Reference

Toxopeus, H. 1968
Establishment of cacao clones in Nigeria. Euphytica, 17: pp 38-45.
Notes

Nigeria - CRIN Datafile: PROGENY_; C 85 [TAF] Toxopeus, H., 1968

Reference

Toxopeus, H. 1968
Establishment of cacao clones in Nigeria. Euphytica, 17: pp 38-45.
Notes

Nigeria - CRIN Datafile: PROGENY_; G VI 35 India - Kerala, 1996

Reference

India - Kerala 1996
Crop Improvement. Cadbury - KAU Co-operative Cocoa Research Project 9th Annual Report 1996-96. pp. 3-61
Notes

India - Kerala Agricultural University Datafile: KERA__DS IND - Kerala Germplasm Trials Data PROGENY_ Germplasm: Yield data on 138 imported clones and local hybrids, growth and spread of 141 new seedlings. Descriptors: Average yield data and rank position of performance in the trial. Growth measured in height and canopy spread of new accessions.; I 56 [IND] CPCRI, 2008

Reference

CPCRI 2008
Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.; T 60 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /1049 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /1050 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /1051 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /1052 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /1057 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /1174 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /1175 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /1176 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /162 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /174 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /1774 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /1775 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /1776 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /1803 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /1887 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /201 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /2254 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /2290 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /2292 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /2310 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /475 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /877 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /885 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /886 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /887 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /962 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /963 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /964 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /973 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /974 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /975 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 60 /976 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 65 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.
Father to:: BAL 216 Pang, J.T.Y. et al., 1994

Reference

Pang, J.T.Y., Lim, D.H.K. & Lockwood, G. 1994
Clonal cocoa trials and selection for superior clones. In: Proceedings of the International Cocoa Conference: Challenges in the 90's, Kuala Lumpur, 1991. Malaysian Cocoa Board, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. pp. 38-47.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: PROGENY_; C 67 [TAF] Toxopeus, H., 1968

Reference

Toxopeus, H. 1968
Establishment of cacao clones in Nigeria. Euphytica, 17: pp 38-45.
Notes

Nigeria - CRIN Datafile: PROGENY_; C 68 [TAF] Toxopeus, H., 1968

Reference

Toxopeus, H. 1968
Establishment of cacao clones in Nigeria. Euphytica, 17: pp 38-45.
Notes

Nigeria - CRIN Datafile: PROGENY_; C 69 [TAF] Toxopeus, H., 1968

Reference

Toxopeus, H. 1968
Establishment of cacao clones in Nigeria. Euphytica, 17: pp 38-45.
Notes

Nigeria - CRIN Datafile: PROGENY_; FP 10 Lee, M.T. et al., 1993

Reference

Lee, M.T., Tay, E.B., Lamin, K. & Saedi, M. 1993
Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.

Disease Pests Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Leaf Flower; FP 6 Lee, M.T. et al., 1993

Reference

Lee, M.T., Tay, E.B., Lamin, K. & Saedi, M. 1993
Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.

Disease Pests Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Leaf Flower; FP 7 Lee, M.T. et al., 1993

Reference

Lee, M.T., Tay, E.B., Lamin, K. & Saedi, M. 1993
Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.

Disease Pests Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Leaf Flower; FP 9 Lee, M.T. et al., 1993

Reference

Lee, M.T., Tay, E.B., Lamin, K. & Saedi, M. 1993
Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.

Disease Pests Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Leaf Flower; III 105 [IND] CPCRI, 2008

Reference

CPCRI 2008
Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.; PBC 247 Malaysia - Prang Besar, 1982

Reference

Malaysia - Prang Besar 1982
Prang Besar Cocoa Clones. Internal Report, Harisson & Crossfields, Prang Besar Research Station, Malaysia. pp. 20.
Notes

Malaysia - Prang Besar Datafile: PBC___DS MYS - Prang Besar1, PBC clones Germplasm: Information is given on 10 PBC clones evaluated at Prang Besar research station between 1968-1981. Most of these clones are derived from outstanding seedlings selected from F1 hybrid plantings on Harrisons & Crossfield Estates and from vigorous seedlings within F1 progenies imported by MARDI from Brazil and Costa Rica. Environment: Some trials located on rather acidic soils, subject to some waterlogging and drying out. Descriptors: Leaf, fruit, seed and agronomic characteristics are described.

Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Leaf; T 79 [POS] Ghana - WACRI, No Date

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date
WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.
Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.; T 86 [POS] Togo - IRCC Togo, 1986

Reference

Togo - IRCC Togo 1986
Collection de cacaoyers. Composition au 1er Janvier, 1986. IRCC Togo. A.B. Eskes, IRCC, Montpellier, France. Personal Communication.
Notes

Togo - IRCC Datafile: DIS___DS - Disease reaction to stress and disease DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_SSDS - Disease reaction to Swollen Shoot PROGENY_ Descriptors: Resistance to drought, Phytophthora, Swollen shoot Environment: Togo, IRCC. No further details. Germplasm: Accessions held in IRCC, Togo.

Disease

HELD IN

Show Details Hide Details

United Kingdom, International Cocoa Quarantine Centre, Reading (ICQC,R): Current List ICQC,R Website; • Accession: RUQ 113 ICQC,R; - Local Name: PA 7 [PER]; - Year of Accession: 1988; • Accession: RUQ 113B ICQC,R; - Local Name: PA 7 [PER]; - Year of Accession: 1988
Brazil, Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira/Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPLAC/CEPEC): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CEPEC 2012
Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.; • Accession: 950; - Local Name: PA 7
Brazil, Mars Center for Cocoa Science: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Mars Center for Cocoa Science 2012
Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: PA-7; - Year of Accession: 1996
Cameroon, Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD): List received in 1985 Reference

Reference

Cameroon - IRAD Cameroun 1985
Collection Camerounaise de cacaoyers (situation en Juillet, 1985). Unpublished report, IRCC Cameroun. Supplied by A.B. Eskes, IRCC Montpellier.; • Local Name: PA 7 [PER]
Cameroon, N'koemvone Research Station: List received in 1971 Reference

Reference

Leon, J. & Sgaravatti, E. 1971
Provisional list of genetic materials for plant introduction and exchange. AGPE Misc 71/2. FAO, Rome. pp. 26.
Notes

Lists of the clones held at CEPEC-Brazil, Nkoemvone-Cameroun, Central Agric. REs. Inst- Ceylon, CIA Palmira-Colombia, IICA-Costa Rica, INIAP-Ecuador, CRI-Ghana, MALF-Grenada, IFCC-Cote D'Ivoire, CIB-Jamaica, CRIN-Nigeria, CRU-Trinidad, Agr. Exp. Stat.-Suriname, Mayaguez-USA, Caucagua-Venezuela.; • Local Name: PA 7 [PER]
Costa Rica, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE): List received in 2018 Reference

Reference

Allan Mata 2018
Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Notes

Excel file received by email.; • Accession: 21845; - Local Name: PA-7 [PER]; - Year of Accession: 2002
France, CIRAD (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Researche Agronomique pour le Développment): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Philippe Lachenaud 2012
CIRAD Montpellier Clone List (Excel Spreadsheet). Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.; • Local Name: PA 7; - Year of Accession: 1996
Ghana, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CRIG 2012
Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: PA 7; - Year of Accession: 1974
India, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI): List received in 2008 Reference

Reference

CPCRI 2008
Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.; • Accession: VTLC 129; - Local Name: GVI-188
India, Kerala Agricultural University: List received in 1997 Reference

Reference

India - Kerala 1997
List of survivng clones from all the introductions. R.V. Nair, Kerala Agricultural University, India. Personal Communication.; • Accession: 188; - Local Name: PA 7 [PER]; - Year of Accession: 1990
Indonesia, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI): List received in 2008 Reference

Reference

Susilo, A. 2008
The list of germplasm collected by ICCRI. Personal communication from Agung Susilo, July 2008.; • Accession: IDN-13-TCAC-00185; - Local Name: PA7; • Accession: IDN-13-TCAC-00404; - Local Name: PA7
Indonesia, London Sumatra Plantations (LONSUM): List received in 2008 Reference

Reference

Haeser, E. 2008
Accession list for Bah Lias Research Station, PT.PP. London Sumatra, Indonesia. Personal communication, March 2010.; • Local Name: Pa 7
Malaysia, Agricultural Research Centre (ARC): List received in 1990 Reference

Reference

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran 1990
List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.; • Local Name: PA 7 [PER]
Papua New Guinea, Cocoa and Coconut Institute (CCI): List received in 1998 Reference

Reference

PNG - Cocoa & Coconut Research 1998
Current list of cocoa accessions at the PNG CCRI. Mr. Mathias Faure, Personal Communication.; • Local Name: PA 7 [PER]; - Year of Accession: 1997
Sri Lanka, Central Agricultural Research Institute (CARI): List received in 1971 Reference

Reference

Leon, J. & Sgaravatti, E. 1971
Provisional list of genetic materials for plant introduction and exchange. AGPE Misc 71/2. FAO, Rome. pp. 26.
Notes

Lists of the clones held at CEPEC-Brazil, Nkoemvone-Cameroun, Central Agric. REs. Inst- Ceylon, CIA Palmira-Colombia, IICA-Costa Rica, INIAP-Ecuador, CRI-Ghana, MALF-Grenada, IFCC-Cote D'Ivoire, CIB-Jamaica, CRIN-Nigeria, CRU-Trinidad, Agr. Exp. Stat.-Suriname, Mayaguez-USA, Caucagua-Venezuela.; • Local Name: PA 7 [PER]
Thailand, Chumphon Horticultural Research Centre: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Suchirat Sakuanrungsirikul 2012
Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Chumphon Research Center, Thailand. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Suchirat Sakuanrungsirikul, Agricultural Research Officer, Department of Agriculture, Thailand. January 2012.; • Local Name: Pa7
Togo, Institut de Recherches du Cafe et du Cacao (IRCC): List received in 1991 Reference

Reference

Togo - IRCC Togo 1991
Collection des clones de cacaoyers presents au Togo. Unpublished report, IRCC Togo, p.1.; • Local Name: PA 7 [PER]
United States of America, USDA-TARS: List received in 2016 Reference

Reference

USDA, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. 2016
List of cocoa accessions held at Mayaguez in April 2016. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Notes

Original link: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/view2.aspx?dv=web_site_taxon_accessionlist¶ms=:taxonomyid=101885;:siteid=7 (not working)

npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/...; • Accession: PI 668480 GRIN-Global; - Local Name: PA 7 [PER]; - Year of Accession: 2008
United States of America, USDA-SHRS: List received in 2010 Reference

Reference

USDA-ARS, SHRS, NCGR, National Germplasm Repository, Miami, Florida, USA. 2010
List of cocoa accessions held at Miami and Coconut Grove (Plant Introduction Station) in July, 2010. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Notes

Website visited 8th July 2010.

Link Unavailable [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_site_acc.pl?MAY%20Theobroma%20cacao]; • Accession: MIA 35770 GRIN-Global; - Local Name: PA 7; - Year of Accession: 2002
Vanuatu, Valeteruru Station: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Philippe Bastide. 2012
Les clones suivis au Vanuatu (unpublished list of accessions). Personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: PA 7; - Year of Accession: 1991

DISEASE

Show Details Hide Details

Phytophthora: Intermediate, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Togo - IRCC Togo, 1986

Reference

Togo - IRCC Togo 1986
Collection de cacaoyers. Composition au 1er Janvier, 1986. IRCC Togo. A.B. Eskes, IRCC, Montpellier, France. Personal Communication.
Notes

Togo - IRCC Datafile: DIS___DS - Disease reaction to stress and disease DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_SSDS - Disease reaction to Swollen Shoot PROGENY_ Descriptors: Resistance to drought, Phytophthora, Swollen shoot Environment: Togo, IRCC. No further details. Germplasm: Accessions held in IRCC, Togo.

Disease; Susceptible, 94.00 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded; Blaha, G. & Lotode, R., 1976

Reference

Blaha, G. & Lotode, R. 1976
Un critere primordial de selection du cacaoyer au Cameroun: la resistance a la pourriture brune des cabossees ( Phytophthora palmivora ). Cafe, Cacao, The 20(2): pp. 97-116.
Notes

Cameroon - IFCC Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Decriptors: Resistance based on inoculation with zoospore suspension of P. palmivora Environment: IFCC, Cameroon Germplasm: 80 clones of trinitario and forestero type (SNK), 14 clones from Trinidad of criollo hybrids (ICS), five clones of Amazonian forestero (UPA) and hybrids produced at Tafo from recent introductions of IMC 60, IMC 67, NA 32, PA 7 [PER] and SCA 6.

Disease; Tolerant, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J., 1977

Reference

Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J. 1977
Mejoramiento genético para resistencia a cinco enfermedades del cacao. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Cocoa Research Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, 1977. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 45-56.
Notes

Various data sources Review of disease data complied at Costa Rica - CATIE from sources including: Costa Rica - CATIE, Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies, Ghana - WACRI, Ecuador - Pichilingue. Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot DIS___DS - Disease reaction to stress and disease DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_SSDS - Disease reaction to CSSV DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis Descriptors: Information on the type of disease/stress and the reaction of the clone.

Disease
Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus: Tolerant; Lockwood, G., 1986

Reference

Lockwood, G. 1986
Report on cocoa breeding & seed production. Unpublished report for the Government of Ghana, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, CDC (UK.). pp. 23.
Notes

Ghana - CRIG Datafile: DIS_SSDS - Disease reaction to Swollen shoot Descriptors: Notes on cocoa germplasm, breeding programmes, clones that have been lost from Q6 Environment: No details given Germplasm: No details given

Disease
Vascular Streak Dieback: Cross: NA 32 x PA 7 [PER]; Susceptible; Bong, C.L. et al., 1995

Reference

Bong, C.L., Tay, E.B., Lee, M.T. & Chong, T.C. 1995
Comparative study on cultural practices and planting materials in the management of vascular streak dieback and productivity in cocoa. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 197-203.
Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Disease - Oncobasidium theobromae (local names: Vascular Streak Dieback) Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD ABSTRACT This study compares and evaluates the effectiveness of different planting materials, shade and fertilizer treatment in the management of vascular streak dieback (VSD) and improvement of productivity of cocoa in various environments. The study consisted of four trails of split-plot or split-split-plot design. These four trials were located on sites that differed in VSD disease pressure (moderate to high), topography and soil characteristics. Up to seven hybrids, two shade treatments and two fertilizer treatments were evaluated. The four years' results indicate that the resistance of planting materials to VSD is the major factor in effectively reducing VSD disease severity and improving productivity. The productivity however also depends on how well the planting materials adapt to other factors of the environment such as soil conditions. Outstanding in terms of yield and resistance to VSD were PA 138 x SCA 9 and SCA 12 x PA 35. The yield of resistant materials was 1.3x to 2.5x that of the susceptible check PA 7 x NA 32, a hybrid well known for its high yield potential. Yield of lightly shaded mature tree plots was on average 30% higher than those densely shaded plots while VSD disease severity was only marginally lower in the former plots. The differences in disease severity and yield between the densely shaded and lightly shaded plots of young trees (before the canopies overlap) was small and non-significant. On VSD disease severity, significant interaction between planting materials and shade was found. Such hybrids as PA 156 x IMC 67 showed lower disease severity under lighter shade. The effect of fertilizer treatment on VSD and yield was non-significant/ Thus VSD can be cost-effectively managed through the use of resistant planting materials and productivity greatly improved when these materials are also widely adaptable or when adequate shade density and manuring are provided. VSD disease severity assessment Method of Bong 1989 used. The disease severity of each of the terminal three flushes of 10 to 15 randomly selected twigs of a tree was scored on scale from 0 to 6. The classes 0 to 3 represent no infection to increasing number of infected leaves and increasing severity as judged by the extent of chlorosis and necrosis. Classes 4 to 6 represent increasing severity in number of infected leaves, increasing defoliation (infected leaf scars), number of fruiting bodies and dying back of the twigs. Assessment of VSD was carried out at intervals of one or two months. Assessment was carried out on centrally located trees. Area under disease progress curve (ADPC) calculated as described by Bong and Seow 1989.

Disease; 30.90 % Infection (Field Reaction).; Note: 19.9% of trees with <30% infected branches, 11.0% of trees with 30 to 70% infected branches, 0.0% of trees with >70% infected branches.. Sime Darby Plantations, Devon Estate.; Lam, K.S., 1992

Reference

Lam, K.S. 1992
Performance of imported clones in Sime Darby Plantations. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - Sime Darby Plantations, Selangor Agronomic characteristics - Sime Darby Plantations, Disease - Oncobasidium theobromae (local names: Vascular Streak Dieback) Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD SIMDARDS MYS - Sime Darby Plantations Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 129 of the clones held at the Plantations' Devon and Merlimau Estates. Environment: No details. Experimental Conditions - Sime Darby: Trial BK/GP/1 and BK/GP/2 Location: Devon Estate Date planted: April 1986 Pod count: Feb 1988 to Jan 1991 Pod analysis: Nov 1988 to Jan 1991 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 3 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design Trial BK/GP/3 Location: Merlimau Estate Date planted: March 1988 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 2 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design

Disease Yield Bean; 87.50 % Infection; Note: 4 plants sampled..; Subali, S., 1992

Reference

Subali, S. 1992
MARDI's results on performance of imported primary cocoa clones. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - MARDI Datafile: MARDI_DS MYS - MARDI Germplasm: Agronomic and morphological characteristics of some of the clones held by MARDI. Environment: No details.

Disease; Susceptible; Phua, P.K. et al., 1990

Reference

Phua, P.K., Lamin, K & Lee, M.T. 1990
Cocoa germplasm in Sabah and their potential. In: Proceedings of the MCGC-Malaysia Cocoa Board Workshop on Cocoa Agricultural Research. MCGC, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - Sabah Disease - Oncobasidium theobromae (local names: Vascular Streak Dieback) Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Descriptors: Records details of bean weight, shell content, wet to dry bean conversion ratio, pod conversion index, bean number per pod, annual pod yield per tree, sexual compatibility. Environment: Cocoa Research Station, Tawau and Agricultural Research Station, Tenom, Sabah, Malaysia Germplasm: Local selections made in Malaysia and imported germplasm comprising mainly of PA [PER], NA, IMC, SCA and POUND [POU] material

Disease; Susceptible; Bong, C.L. & Phua, P.K., 1989

Reference

Bong, C.L. & Phua, P.K. 1989
Screening of hybrid materials for resistance to VSD. In: Research on Cocoa VSD in Sabah. Technical Bulletin No. 9, Dept. of Agriculture, Sabah, Malaysia. pp. 43-39.
Notes

Malaysia - Quion Hill, Sabah and Ulu Dunsun, Sandakan Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Descriptors: Resistance to infections from Vascular Streak Dieback Environment: Set 1 assessed at Quoin Hill at seedling stage in a nusery with the source of natural inoculum from surrounding infected mature fields. Sets 2 and 3 were evaluated at the mature tree stage. Germplasm: 79 hybrids evaluated in three sets. Set 1 consists of Sabah mixed hybrids raised specifically for this purpose at Quoin Hill, Sabah. Sets 2 and 3 are progeny trials established at Quoin Hill, Sabah and Ulu Dunsun, Sandakan respectively. Experimental conditions: VSD disease severity was recorded at intervals of one to two months throughout the epidemic period or at longer intervals throughout the rest of the year. Apparent infection rate (r or ADPC (area under disease progress curve)) are used as criteria to compare differences in the resistance of the hybrids. r is obtained by regressing In(1/1 - x) against time in months where x is the disease severity index. Differences between any two r values is tested using a t - test. ADPC is calculated and analysed using analysis of variance.

Disease; Moderately Susceptible, isolate/strain S10; Bong, C.L. et al., 1996

Reference

Bong, C.L., Lee, M.T. & Yahya, M.N. 1996
Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).
Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.

Disease; Moderate Resistance, isolate/strain S11; Bong, C.L. et al., 1996

Reference

Bong, C.L., Lee, M.T. & Yahya, M.N. 1996
Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).
Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.

Disease; Moderately Susceptible, isolate/strain S12; Bong, C.L. et al., 1996

Reference

Bong, C.L., Lee, M.T. & Yahya, M.N. 1996
Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).
Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.

Disease; Moderate Resistance, isolate/strain S4; Bong, C.L. et al., 1996

Reference

Bong, C.L., Lee, M.T. & Yahya, M.N. 1996
Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).
Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.

Disease; Moderately Susceptible, isolate/strain S6; Bong, C.L. et al., 1996

Reference

Bong, C.L., Lee, M.T. & Yahya, M.N. 1996
Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).
Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.

Disease

PESTS

Mirids: Moderate Damage; N'Goran, J.A.K. et al., 1993

Reference

N'Goran, J.A.K., Lachenaud, P., Bastide P., & Paulin, D. 1993
Cocoa germplasm conservation initiatives in Cote d'Ivoire. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Conservation, Characterisation and Utilisation of Cocoa Genetic Resources in the 21st Century. CRU, UWI, Trinidad. pp. 221-227.
Notes

Cote d'Ivoire - IDEFOR/CIRAD Datafile: MIR___DS CIV - IDEFOR/CIRAD Mirid index Germplasm: c.40 clones Environment: Old clonal trials, from 33 to 45 trees per clone. Method: Cumulative damage due to mirids estimated in old clonal trial. A score from 0 (no attack) to 4 (severe attack) was given to individual trees and the results analysed for three trials.

Pests

YIELD

Show Details Hide Details

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture, 1992: Seed Index: 111.1 (dried beans per 100g); Pod Index: 32.5 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture 1992
Data from Applied Agriculture Research Unit (AARU). In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pp. 4.
Notes

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture Research Datafile: AARU__DS MYS - Applied Agriculture Germplasm: Agronomic characteristics of 120 of the clones held at Applied Agriculture Research. The clones were field budded on 1982 seedlings planting between 1984 and 1987. Environment: No details given.

Yield Bean
Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991: Seed Index: 117.6 (dried beans per 100g); Pod Index: 37.8 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991
Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

Yield Bean Butterfat Flower
Clapperton, J. et al., 1994: Seed Index: 99.0 (dried beans per 100g); Reference

Reference

Clapperton, J., Yow, S., Chan, J., Lim, D., Lockwood, R., Romanczyk, L. & Hammerstone, J. 1994
The contribution of genotype to cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) flavour. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 71(4): pp. 303-308.
Notes

Malaysia - Sabah Datafile: FLAV__DS -Flavour assessment of genotypes Descriptors: Assessment of flavour attributes, especially cocoa flavour intensity, acidity, sourness, bitterness and astringency. Bitterness and astringency are tested against presence of caffeine and polyphenols. Affects on flavour of prolonged storage of the beans is also assessed. Materials and Methods. Six genotypes (AML, IMC 67, NA 33, PA 7, SCA 12, UIT 1) were selected for preliminary flavour trials due to their widespread use in cocoa breeding in Malaysia and elsewhere. Fermentation and Drying. Experiment 1: ripe pods were harvested on one day and stored for 5 days before breaking. 50kg wet beans were fermented on trays covered with banana leaves, for 120h with a single turn after 48h. Beans were then dried in the sun (supplemented by an indirect heat source during wet weather). Positions were rotated to ensure even drying for each genotype. The procedure was replicated four times between October and December 1989. Experiment 2: UIT 1 alone was used to test the effects of 10 and 15 days pod storage, each receiving 72 and 120h fermentation. Trials were replicated 3 times over six weeks under the conditions described for experiment 1. Cocoa liquors and chocolates were prepared in the UK according to the recommendations of the BCCCA (1980). Taste Testing. Each liquor (4 replicates of six genotypes, including a hidden West African reference) were tasted 3 times. Tasting was carried out by an independent assessor according to an incomplete block experimental test design, and by trained panellists from various chocolate manufacturers using their own taste procedures for liquors and chocolates. Liquors from experiment 2 were tasted by the independent assessor according to an incomplete block experimental test design in which each liquor was tasted 4 times. Data was analysed using analysis of variance on each flavour attribute. Constituent testing. Cocoa butter contents were estimated using soxhlet extraction (International Office of Cocoa, Chocolate and Sugar Confectionary, 1972) Alkaloids caffeine and theobromine analysed using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a diode ray detector at 280nm. Flavanols catechin and epicatechin were separated and estimated using HPLC and fluorescence detection. Procyanins were analysed using 2-dimensional chromatography. Character Data: Liquor flavour; cocoa, astringency, acidity: scored on a scale of 1-15 (15=high intensity). Plain chocolate; chocolate, sweetness, acidity, bitterness, astringency, metal, brown fruit, tobacco, mouldy, musty, earthy, baggy: scored on a scale of 1-15 (15=high intensity).

Yield
Lam, K.S., 1992: Seed Index: 130.9 (dried beans per 100g); Pod Index: 33.1 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Lam, K.S. 1992
Performance of imported clones in Sime Darby Plantations. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - Sime Darby Plantations, Selangor Agronomic characteristics - Sime Darby Plantations, Disease - Oncobasidium theobromae (local names: Vascular Streak Dieback) Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD SIMDARDS MYS - Sime Darby Plantations Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 129 of the clones held at the Plantations' Devon and Merlimau Estates. Environment: No details. Experimental Conditions - Sime Darby: Trial BK/GP/1 and BK/GP/2 Location: Devon Estate Date planted: April 1986 Pod count: Feb 1988 to Jan 1991 Pod analysis: Nov 1988 to Jan 1991 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 3 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design Trial BK/GP/3 Location: Merlimau Estate Date planted: March 1988 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 2 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design

Disease Yield Bean

BEAN

Show Details Hide Details

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture, 1992: Number: 34.0; Dry Weight: 0.90 g; Reference

Reference

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture 1992
Data from Applied Agriculture Research Unit (AARU). In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pp. 4.
Notes

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture Research Datafile: AARU__DS MYS - Applied Agriculture Germplasm: Agronomic characteristics of 120 of the clones held at Applied Agriculture Research. The clones were field budded on 1982 seedlings planting between 1984 and 1987. Environment: No details given.

Yield Bean
Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991: Number: 31.1; Total Dry Weight: 26.5 g; Dry Weight: 0.85 g; Note: 36 plants sampled; Reference

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991
Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

Yield Bean Butterfat Flower
KKO, 1993: Colour: dark purple; Size: small; Number: 54.0; Reference

Reference

KKO 1993
Information from the KKO cocoa germplasm database. Information supplied on computer diskette by C. Cilas, CIRAD-CP, France.
Notes

Cote d'Ivoire and Togo - CIRAD Datafile: CIRAD_DS FRA - CIRAD Passport characteristics Germplasm: Descriptors given for 173 clones of mainly West African and French Guyanian origin. Compilation of data from Côte d'Ivoire and Togo. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Thirteen descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics.

Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Lam, K.S., 1992: Number: 43.4; Dry Weight: 0.76 g; Reference

Reference

Lam, K.S. 1992
Performance of imported clones in Sime Darby Plantations. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - Sime Darby Plantations, Selangor Agronomic characteristics - Sime Darby Plantations, Disease - Oncobasidium theobromae (local names: Vascular Streak Dieback) Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD SIMDARDS MYS - Sime Darby Plantations Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 129 of the clones held at the Plantations' Devon and Merlimau Estates. Environment: No details. Experimental Conditions - Sime Darby: Trial BK/GP/1 and BK/GP/2 Location: Devon Estate Date planted: April 1986 Pod count: Feb 1988 to Jan 1991 Pod analysis: Nov 1988 to Jan 1991 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 3 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design Trial BK/GP/3 Location: Merlimau Estate Date planted: March 1988 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 2 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design

Disease Yield Bean

BUTTERFAT

Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991: Butterfat Content: 57.20 %; Maximum Butterfat Content: 58.86 %; Minimum Butterfat Content: 56.55 %; Note: 8 plants sampled; Reference

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991
Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

Yield Bean Butterfat Flower

PHENOTYPING

Fiona Lahive, 2017: Accession: RUQ 113; Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 5.76 μmol m² s^-1; Stomatal Conductance: 0.11 mol m² s^-1; Transpiration Rate: 1.54 mmol m² s^-1; Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 52.63 μmol mol^-1; Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 3.79 mmol mol^-1; Flush Size: 6; Leaf Area: 247.90 cm²; Leaf Dry Weight: 1.41 g; Specific Leaf Area: 176.90 cm² g^-1; Reference

Reference

Fiona Lahive 2017
Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.
Notes

Data for single trees in ICQC,R. Each value is a mean of 2 time points with 6 leaves per tree (12 measurements), except flush size, which was 2 branches per tree (4 measurements).

Phenotyping

FLUSH

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: moderate anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

FLOWER

Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991: Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Reference

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991
Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

Yield Bean Butterfat Flower
Posnette, A.F., 1945: Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Reference

Reference

Posnette, A.F. 1945
Incompatibility in Amazon cacao. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 22: pp. 184-187.
Notes

Trinidad - Imperical College of Tropical Agriculture, University of the West Indies Datafile: COMP__DS - Compatibility Experimental Conditions: Cross-compatibility study carried out at Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. Pollinations were carried out by hand with the flowers being covered by fine muslin the day before opening. Self-Incompatible - no sets from at least 10 pollinations Cross-Incompatible - no sets from at least 10 pollinations Cross-compatible - at least 25% setting

Flower

REFERENCES

Pound, F.J. (1938) Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

Lockwood, G (2015) Report on Cacao Planting Materials from Various Cocoa Producing Countries. Supplying New Cocoa Planting Material to Farmers: A Review of Propagation Methodologies, edited by Brigitte Laliberté and Michelle J End, 121–50. Rome: Bioversity International

Sounigo, Olivier & Ives Bruno Efombagn Mousseni (2012) Cocoa Improvement and Variety Delivery Effort in Cameroon. INGENIC Seventh Workshop: Cocoa Variety Development and the Supply of Planting Materials to Farmers. 21st - 22nd October 2012

Dinarti, D, Agung W Susilo, Lyndel W Meinhardt, K Ji, Lambert A Motilal, S Mischke, & Dapeng Zhang (2015) Genetic Diversity and Parentage in Farmer Selections of Cacao from Southern Sulawesi, Indonesia Revealed by Microsatellite Markers. Breeding Science 65 (5): 438–46

Pang, J.T.Y., Lim, D.H.K. & Lockwood, G. (1994) Clonal cocoa trials and selection for superior clones. In: Proceedings of the International Cocoa Conference: Challenges in the 90's, Kuala Lumpur, 1991. Malaysian Cocoa Board, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. pp. 38-47.

Toxopeus, H. (1968) Establishment of cacao clones in Nigeria. Euphytica, 17: pp 38-45.

India - Kerala (1996) Crop Improvement. Cadbury - KAU Co-operative Cocoa Research Project 9th Annual Report 1996-96. pp. 3-61

CPCRI (2008) Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.

Ghana - WACRI (No Date) WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.

Lee, M.T., Tay, E.B., Lamin, K. & Saedi, M. (1993) Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.

Malaysia - Prang Besar (1982) Prang Besar Cocoa Clones. Internal Report, Harisson & Crossfields, Prang Besar Research Station, Malaysia. pp. 20.

Togo - IRCC Togo (1986) Collection de cacaoyers. Composition au 1er Janvier, 1986. IRCC Togo. A.B. Eskes, IRCC, Montpellier, France. Personal Communication.

CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.

Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.

Cameroon - IRAD Cameroun (1985) Collection Camerounaise de cacaoyers (situation en Juillet, 1985). Unpublished report, IRCC Cameroun. Supplied by A.B. Eskes, IRCC Montpellier.

Leon, J. & Sgaravatti, E. (1971) Provisional list of genetic materials for plant introduction and exchange. AGPE Misc 71/2. FAO, Rome. pp. 26.

Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.

Philippe Lachenaud (2012) CIRAD Montpellier Clone List (Excel Spreadsheet). Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.

CRIG (2012) Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.

India - Kerala (1997) List of survivng clones from all the introductions. R.V. Nair, Kerala Agricultural University, India. Personal Communication.

Susilo, A. (2008) The list of germplasm collected by ICCRI. Personal communication from Agung Susilo, July 2008.

Haeser, E. (2008) Accession list for Bah Lias Research Station, PT.PP. London Sumatra, Indonesia. Personal communication, March 2010.

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1990) List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.

PNG - Cocoa & Coconut Research (1998) Current list of cocoa accessions at the PNG CCRI. Mr. Mathias Faure, Personal Communication.

Suchirat Sakuanrungsirikul (2012) Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Chumphon Research Center, Thailand. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Suchirat Sakuanrungsirikul, Agricultural Research Officer, Department of Agriculture, Thailand. January 2012.

Togo - IRCC Togo (1991) Collection des clones de cacaoyers presents au Togo. Unpublished report, IRCC Togo, p.1.

USDA, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. (2016) List of cocoa accessions held at Mayaguez in April 2016. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

USDA-ARS, SHRS, NCGR, National Germplasm Repository, Miami, Florida, USA. (2010) List of cocoa accessions held at Miami and Coconut Grove (Plant Introduction Station) in July, 2010. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

Philippe Bastide. (2012) Les clones suivis au Vanuatu (unpublished list of accessions). Personal communication, February 2012.

Blaha, G. & Lotode, R. (1976) Un critere primordial de selection du cacaoyer au Cameroun: la resistance a la pourriture brune des cabossees ( Phytophthora palmivora ). Cafe, Cacao, The 20(2): pp. 97-116.

Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J. (1977) Mejoramiento genético para resistencia a cinco enfermedades del cacao. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Cocoa Research Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, 1977. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 45-56.

Lockwood, G. (1986) Report on cocoa breeding & seed production. Unpublished report for the Government of Ghana, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, CDC (UK.). pp. 23.

Bong, C.L., Tay, E.B., Lee, M.T. & Chong, T.C. (1995) Comparative study on cultural practices and planting materials in the management of vascular streak dieback and productivity in cocoa. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 197-203.

Lam, K.S. (1992) Performance of imported clones in Sime Darby Plantations. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Subali, S. (1992) MARDI's results on performance of imported primary cocoa clones. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Phua, P.K., Lamin, K & Lee, M.T. (1990) Cocoa germplasm in Sabah and their potential. In: Proceedings of the MCGC-Malaysia Cocoa Board Workshop on Cocoa Agricultural Research. MCGC, Malaysia.

Bong, C.L. & Phua, P.K. (1989) Screening of hybrid materials for resistance to VSD. In: Research on Cocoa VSD in Sabah. Technical Bulletin No. 9, Dept. of Agriculture, Sabah, Malaysia. pp. 43-39.

Bong, C.L., Lee, M.T. & Yahya, M.N. (1996) Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).

N'Goran, J.A.K., Lachenaud, P., Bastide P., & Paulin, D. (1993) Cocoa germplasm conservation initiatives in Cote d'Ivoire. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Conservation, Characterisation and Utilisation of Cocoa Genetic Resources in the 21st Century. CRU, UWI, Trinidad. pp. 221-227.

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture (1992) Data from Applied Agriculture Research Unit (AARU). In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pp. 4.

Malaysia - BAL Plantations (1991) Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.

Clapperton, J., Yow, S., Chan, J., Lim, D., Lockwood, R., Romanczyk, L. & Hammerstone, J. (1994) The contribution of genotype to cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) flavour. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 71(4): pp. 303-308.

KKO (1993) Information from the KKO cocoa germplasm database. Information supplied on computer diskette by C. Cilas, CIRAD-CP, France.

Fiona Lahive (2017) Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Posnette, A.F. (1945) Incompatibility in Amazon cacao. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 22: pp. 184-187.