ICCRI, 2013

Recommended seed parent in:
Indonesia

Bi-parental cross: UIT 1  x NA 33

Recommended by: Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Indonesia

Year: 1980s

 Reference

×

Reference

ICCRI 2013

PEDOMAN TEKNIS PEMBANGUNAN KEBUN INDUK DAN KEBUN ENTRES KAKAO [TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEED PARENT GARDENS].”. PERATURAN MENTERI PERTANIAN NOMOR 09/Permentan/OT.140/1/2013

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 Disease  Pests  Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Recommended material

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 Susilo, Agung W, 2015

Recommended seed parent in:
Indonesia (North Sumatera)

Seed Garden / Source: PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV

Other Seed Garden Parents: ICS 60   |  TSH 858   |  PA 35 [PER]   |  UF 667   |  NA 32   |  IMC 67 

Recommended by: Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Indonesia

 Reference

×

Reference

Susilo, Agung W 2015

BREEDING PROGRAM AND DEVELOPMENT PLANTING MATERIAL OF COCOA (Theobroma Cacao L.) IN INDONESIA. Asia Pacific Regional Cocoa Research Workshop Davao Philippines, 12-15th October 2015.

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 Recommended material

Close

 Susilo, Agung W, 2015

Recommended seed parent in:
Indonesia (South-east Sulawesi)

Seed Garden / Source: PT Hasfarm Agro Niaga

Other Seed Garden Parents: NA 32   |  PA 35 [PER]   |  UIT 1   |  UIT 2   |  SCA 6   |  IMC 67 

Recommended by: Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Indonesia

 Reference

×

Reference

Susilo, Agung W 2015

BREEDING PROGRAM AND DEVELOPMENT PLANTING MATERIAL OF COCOA (Theobroma Cacao L.) IN INDONESIA. Asia Pacific Regional Cocoa Research Workshop Davao Philippines, 12-15th October 2015.

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 Recommended material

Close

 Asia-pacific, Working Group, 2012

Recommended seed parent in:
Vietnam

Other Seed Garden Parents: NA 32   |  UIT 1   |  SCA 12   |  UIT 2 

 Reference

×

Reference

Asia-pacific, Working Group 2012

Planting Materials Available for Cocoa Farmers in Asia / Pacific Region. INGENIC Seventh Workshop: Cocoa Variety Development and the Supply of Planting Materials to Farmers. 21st - 22nd October 2012

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 Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Recommended material

Close

   View Associated Data

Location: Rio Nanay, Loreto, Peru

Coordinates: 73.00 W, 3.30 S

   Marita, J. M. et al., 2001

×

Reference

Marita, J. M., Nienhuis, J., Pires, J. L. & Aitken, W. M. 2001

Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Theobroma cacao with Emphasis on Witches’ Broom Disease Resistance. Crop Sci. 41:1305–1316.

Close

 Mother to:

QH 37    Lee, M.T. et al., 1993

×

Reference

Lee, M.T., Tay, E.B., Lamin, K. & Saedi, M. 1993

Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.

Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.

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 Disease  Pests  Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Fruit  Flush  Leaf  Flower

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T 61 [POS]    Adomako, B. & Adu-Ampomah, Y., 2000

×

Reference

Adomako, B. & Adu-Ampomah, Y. 2000

Reflections on the yield of Upper Amazon cocoa hybrids in Ghana with reference to breeding for cocoa swollen shoot virus resistant varieties. Cocoa Growers' Bulletin 52: 33-45.

Notes

Ghana - CRIG Datafile: PROGENY_

Close

T 73 [POS]    Ghana - WACRI, No Date

×

Reference

Ghana - WACRI No Date

WACRI Cocoa Varieties. Explanatory notes. West African Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. A. Asare Nyako, Ghanaian Cocoa Board, Ghana. Personal Communication.

Notes

Ghana - WACRI Datafile: PROGENY_ These notes deal with the Amazon cocoa being issued from WACRI and with the varieties under test in the Series I and Series II trials.

Close

 Father to:

A 1122 [MYS]    Department of Agriculture, Malaysia., 1988

×

Reference

Department of Agriculture, Malaysia. 1988

1988 Annual Research Report. Cocoa Research Station, Quoin Hill, Tawau. Research Branch, Department of Agriculture, Sabah, Malaysia.

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 Bean

Close

AX 353    Trinidad - ICTA, No Date

×

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA No Date

List of AX Crosses. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp 18.

Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_

Close

BAL 204    Pang, J.T.Y. et al., 1994

×

Reference

Pang, J.T.Y., Lim, D.H.K. & Lockwood, G. 1994

Clonal cocoa trials and selection for superior clones. In: Proceedings of the International Cocoa Conference: Challenges in the 90's, Kuala Lumpur, 1991. Malaysian Cocoa Board, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. pp. 38-47.

Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: PROGENY_

Close

C 77 [TAF]    Toxopeus, H., 1968

×

Reference

Toxopeus, H. 1968

Establishment of cacao clones in Nigeria. Euphytica, 17: pp 38-45.

Notes

Nigeria - CRIN Datafile: PROGENY_

Close

G VI 33    India - Kerala, 1996

×

Reference

India - Kerala 1996

Crop Improvement. Cadbury - KAU Co-operative Cocoa Research Project 9th Annual Report 1996-96. pp. 3-61

Notes

India - Kerala Agricultural University Datafile: KERA__DS IND - Kerala Germplasm Trials Data PROGENY_ Germplasm: Yield data on 138 imported clones and local hybrids, growth and spread of 141 new seedlings. Descriptors: Average yield data and rank position of performance in the trial. Growth measured in height and canopy spread of new accessions.

Close

G VI 40    India - Kerala, 1996

×

Reference

India - Kerala 1996

Crop Improvement. Cadbury - KAU Co-operative Cocoa Research Project 9th Annual Report 1996-96. pp. 3-61

Notes

India - Kerala Agricultural University Datafile: KERA__DS IND - Kerala Germplasm Trials Data PROGENY_ Germplasm: Yield data on 138 imported clones and local hybrids, growth and spread of 141 new seedlings. Descriptors: Average yield data and rank position of performance in the trial. Growth measured in height and canopy spread of new accessions.

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III 35 [IND]    CPCRI, 2008

×

Reference

CPCRI 2008

Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.

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PBC 113    Chong, C.F. & Shepherd, R., 1986

×

Reference

Chong, C.F. & Shepherd, R. 1986

Promising Prang Besar cocoa clones. In: Cocoa and Coconuts: Progress and Outlook. Eds. Pushparajah, E. & Chew Poh Soon. Incorporated Society of Planters, Malaysia. pp.3-20.

Notes

Malaysia - Prang Besar Datafile: PROGENY_

Close

QH 22    Lee, M.T. et al., 1993

×

Reference

Lee, M.T., Tay, E.B., Lamin, K. & Saedi, M. 1993

Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.

Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.

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 Disease  Pests  Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Fruit  Flush  Leaf  Flower

Close

QH 670    Lee, M.T. et al., 1993

×

Reference

Lee, M.T., Tay, E.B., Lamin, K. & Saedi, M. 1993

Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.

Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.

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 Disease  Pests  Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Fruit  Flush  Leaf  Flower

Close

UPC 41    Lee, M.T. et al., 1993

×

Reference

Lee, M.T., Tay, E.B., Lamin, K. & Saedi, M. 1993

Catalogue of locally collected clones in Malaysia. Catalogue compiled by the Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah, Malaysia.

Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board Datafile: MYS___DS MYS - MCB Local Selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: 67 selections of clones submitted by research agencies and plantations in Malaysia. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on plant, pod and seed characteristics, pest and disease resistance, sexual compatability and agronomic performance. Character Data: Seed length, width, thickness and number per pod: average of 40 pods. Shell content: expressed as percentage of dry bean weight. The beans from the sample taken for dry weight measurement are used for the assessment of shell content.

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 Disease  Pests  Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Fruit  Flush  Leaf  Flower

Close

 Motamayor, J.C. et al., 2008

'Nanay' Population

 Reference

×

Reference

Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. 2008

Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311

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 Population  SSR

Close

 Guiltinan, Mark, 2019

'Nanay' Population

 Reference

×

Reference

Guiltinan, Mark 2019

Theobroma cacao Disease Resistance: Discovery and Functional Characterization of Genes Regulating Plant Immunity in Perennial Crops. NCBI

Notes

A project to establish a new scientific approach for use with perennial crop plants to identify candidate loci for disease resistance using Theobroma cacao. Leaf samples were collected from the La Montaña field site at the CATIE field station in Turrialba, Costa Rica. The study focused on four genetic groups (Guiana, Iquitos, Marañon, and Nanay) and variation in resistance to Phytophthora.

Last updated: November, 2022

 plantscience.psu.edu/…

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 Disease  Population  Accession Data  Project Data

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Show Details Hide Details

 United Kingdom, International Cocoa Quarantine Centre, Reading (ICQC,R)

Current List   ICQC,R Website

• Accession: RUQ 1577     ICQC,R 

   - Local Name: NA 33

   - Year of Accession: 2005

 Brazil, Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira/Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPLAC/CEPEC)

List received in 2012   Reference

×

Reference

CEPEC 2012

Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.

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• Accession: 551

   - Local Name: NA 33

   - Year of Accession: 1985

 Brazil, Mars Center for Cocoa Science

List received in 2012   Reference

×

Reference

Mars Center for Cocoa Science 2012

Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.

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• Local Name: NA-33

 Cameroon, Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD)

List received in 1985   Reference

×

Reference

Cameroon - IRAD Cameroun 1985

Collection Camerounaise de cacaoyers (situation en Juillet, 1985). Unpublished report, IRCC Cameroun. Supplied by A.B. Eskes, IRCC Montpellier.

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• Local Name: NA 33

 Cameroon, N'koemvone Research Station

List received in 1971   Reference

×

Reference

Leon, J. & Sgaravatti, E. 1971

Provisional list of genetic materials for plant introduction and exchange. AGPE Misc 71/2. FAO, Rome. pp. 26.

Notes

Lists of the clones held at CEPEC-Brazil, Nkoemvone-Cameroun, Central Agric. REs. Inst- Ceylon, CIA Palmira-Colombia, IICA-Costa Rica, INIAP-Ecuador, CRI-Ghana, MALF-Grenada, IFCC-Cote D'Ivoire, CIB-Jamaica, CRIN-Nigeria, CRU-Trinidad, Agr. Exp. Stat.-Suriname, Mayaguez-USA, Caucagua-Venezuela.

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• Local Name: NA 33

 Costa Rica, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE)

List received in 2018   Reference

×

Reference

Allan Mata 2018

Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.

Notes

Excel file received by email.

Close

• Accession: 22242

   - Local Name: NA-33

   - Year of Accession: 2010

 Cote d'Ivoire, Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA)

List received in 1999   Reference

×

Reference

Eskes, A.B. 1999

Advanced Draft. Working Procedures and Recording Sheets for the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Project. CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Cocoa Project.

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• Local Name: NA 33

 France, CIRAD (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Researche Agronomique pour le Développment)

List received in 2012   Reference

×

Reference

Philippe Lachenaud 2012

CIRAD Montpellier Clone List (Excel Spreadsheet). Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.

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• Local Name: NA 33

   - Year of Accession: 1996

 French Guiana, CIRAD (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Researche Agronomique pour le Développment)

List received in 2012   Reference

×

Reference

Philippe Lachenaud 2012

F. Guiana database, CIRAD-CP. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.

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• Local Name: NA 33

 Ghana, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG)

List received in 2012   Reference

×

Reference

CRIG 2012

Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.

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• Local Name: NA33

   - Year of Accession: 1968

 India, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI)

List received in 2008   Reference

×

Reference

CPCRI 2008

Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.

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• Accession: VTLC 61

   - Local Name: NA 33

 India, Kerala Agricultural University

List received in 1991   Reference

×

Reference

India - Kerala 1991

Report of germplasm collection at Kerala Agricultural University. R.V. Nair, Unpublished Report, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala, India, pp. 3.

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• Local Name: G VI 46

• Local Name: G VI 60

 Indonesia, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI)

List received in 2008   Reference

×

Reference

Susilo, A. 2008

The list of germplasm collected by ICCRI. Personal communication from Agung Susilo, July 2008.

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• Accession: IDN-13-TCAC-00397

   - Local Name: NA33

 Indonesia, London Sumatra Plantations (LONSUM)

List received in 2008   Reference

×

Reference

Haeser, E. 2008

Accession list for Bah Lias Research Station, PT.PP. London Sumatra, Indonesia. Personal communication, March 2010.

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• Local Name: Na 33

 Malaysia, Agricultural Research Centre (ARC)

List received in 1990   Reference

×

Reference

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran 1990

List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.

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• Local Name: NA 33

 Malaysia, Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB)

List received in 1998   Reference

×

Reference

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran 1998

Accessions held in the Malaysian Cocoa Board collection, May 1998. K. Lamin, MCB, Malaysia, Personal Communication.

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• Local Name: NA 33

 Nigeria, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN)

List received in 1994   Reference

×

Reference

Nigeria - CRIN 1994

CRIN Cocoa germplasm. S.A. Olatoye, CRIN, Nigeria. Personal Communication.

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• Local Name: NA 33

   - Year of Accession: 1968

 Peru, Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva (UNAS)

List received in 2009   Reference

×

Reference

Luis F. García Carrión 2009

Catalogo de Cultivares de Cacao del Peru.

Close

• Local Name: NA - 33

 Sri Lanka, Central Agricultural Research Institute (CARI)

List received in 1971   Reference

×

Reference

Leon, J. & Sgaravatti, E. 1971

Provisional list of genetic materials for plant introduction and exchange. AGPE Misc 71/2. FAO, Rome. pp. 26.

Notes

Lists of the clones held at CEPEC-Brazil, Nkoemvone-Cameroun, Central Agric. REs. Inst- Ceylon, CIA Palmira-Colombia, IICA-Costa Rica, INIAP-Ecuador, CRI-Ghana, MALF-Grenada, IFCC-Cote D'Ivoire, CIB-Jamaica, CRIN-Nigeria, CRU-Trinidad, Agr. Exp. Stat.-Suriname, Mayaguez-USA, Caucagua-Venezuela.

Close

• Local Name: NA 33

 Thailand, Chumphon Horticultural Research Centre

List received in 2012   Reference

×

Reference

Suchirat Sakuanrungsirikul 2012

Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Chumphon Research Center, Thailand. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Suchirat Sakuanrungsirikul, Agricultural Research Officer, Department of Agriculture, Thailand. January 2012.

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• Local Name: Na33

 Togo, Institut de Recherches du Cafe et du Cacao (IRCC)

List received in 1991   Reference

×

Reference

Togo - IRCC Togo 1991

Collection des clones de cacaoyers presents au Togo. Unpublished report, IRCC Togo, p.1.

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• Local Name: NA 33

 Trinidad and Tobago, International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T)

List received in 2011   Reference

×

Reference

CRU 2011

ICG,T accessions. CRU website.

Notes

Website visited 12th April 2011

 Link Unavailable [http://sta.uwi.edu/cru/icgt-accessions.asp]

Close

• Local Name: NA 33

   - Year of Accession: 1938

Show Details Hide Details

 Ceratocystis

Susceptible (Branch).

Note: Based on mycelium growth and the production of perithecia.. Classed as Very Susceptible

 Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva, 2003

×

Reference

Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva 2003

Ensaios Para Avaliação do Cacaueiro à Murcha-de-Ceratocystis na Bahia, Brasil. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.

Notes

Title: 'Essays for the Assesment of Ceratocystis-Wilt in Bahia, Brazil'

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 Disease

Close

 Phytophthora

Cross: AML [MAL]  x NA 33

26.60 % Infection (Pod).

Note: percentage of infected pods. Rank calculated using Newman-Keuls test at 5% = DE

 Jagoret, P. et al., 1995

×

Reference

Jagoret, P., Bastide, Ph., Pilecki, A., Besacier, C. & Eskes, A.B. 1995

Performance et resistance a la pourriture brune d'hybrides de cacaoyer au Vanuatu (Pacifique Sud). In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire, 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 425-431.

Notes

Vanuatu - CIRAD/MAFF Datafile: VAN___DS VAN - CIRAD/MAFF Hybrid trial Germplasm: 19 hybrids descended from UA x UA and Amelonado x UA were compared. Environment: Methods: Hybrid trial was planted in 1986 at Valeteruru station using a randomised single tree design spaced at 3 x 2.5m. Results do not take into account the effects of a cyclone in 1992. Glyricidia shade was eliminated from 1988. Productivity was assessed using a value of 0.38 to convert fresh bean weight to dry bean weight. The ratio of production to vigour was calculated by dividing the total number of pods by trunk diameter at four years after planting. Results cover the period January 1988 to December 1991. In addition to the good showing of certain hybrids for their early maturity, their high yield and their technological qualities (large bean size), study of the first five harvests show their better performance vis-a-vis Phytophthora spp. The distribution of production curves from one hybrid to another are analysed in relation to the local rainfall regime and the study of a type of resistance by evasion of these cocoa hybrids is discussed. Some cocoa plants, characterised by a production synchronised and timed to accommodate the rainy season (February/March) gives interesting results and suffers fewer losses thanks to the timing of peak production (May/June).

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 Disease

Close

Susceptible

 Guiltinan, Mark, 2019

×

Reference

Guiltinan, Mark 2019

Theobroma cacao Disease Resistance: Discovery and Functional Characterization of Genes Regulating Plant Immunity in Perennial Crops. NCBI

Notes

A project to establish a new scientific approach for use with perennial crop plants to identify candidate loci for disease resistance using Theobroma cacao. Leaf samples were collected from the La Montaña field site at the CATIE field station in Turrialba, Costa Rica. The study focused on four genetic groups (Guiana, Iquitos, Marañon, and Nanay) and variation in resistance to Phytophthora.

Last updated: November, 2022

 plantscience.psu.edu/…

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 Disease  Population  Accession Data  Project Data

Close

Resistant

 Monteiro, W.R. & Silva, S.D.V.M., 1998

×

Reference

Monteiro, W.R. & Silva, S.D.V.M. 1998

Individual Institute Reports - Brazil, CEPEC. Report on the IPGRI project: Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation, A Global Approach. Appendix to General Progress Report of Year 1.

Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom Descriptors: General observations and main traits of genotypes Environment: No details Germplasm: Clones included in the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation project.

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 Disease

Close

 Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus

Tolerant

 Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J., 1977

×

Reference

Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J. 1977

Mejoramiento genético para resistencia a cinco enfermedades del cacao. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Cocoa Research Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, 1977. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 45-56.

Notes

Various data sources Review of disease data complied at Costa Rica - CATIE from sources including: Costa Rica - CATIE, Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies, Ghana - WACRI, Ecuador - Pichilingue. Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot DIS___DS - Disease reaction to stress and disease DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_SSDS - Disease reaction to CSSV DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis Descriptors: Information on the type of disease/stress and the reaction of the clone.

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 Disease

Close

 Vascular Streak Dieback

Cross: NA 33 x UIT 1 

Moderately Susceptible

 Bong, C.L. et al., 1995

×

Reference

Bong, C.L., Tay, E.B., Lee, M.T. & Chong, T.C. 1995

Comparative study on cultural practices and planting materials in the management of vascular streak dieback and productivity in cocoa. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 197-203.

Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Disease - Oncobasidium theobromae (local names: Vascular Streak Dieback) Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD ABSTRACT This study compares and evaluates the effectiveness of different planting materials, shade and fertilizer treatment in the management of vascular streak dieback (VSD) and improvement of productivity of cocoa in various environments. The study consisted of four trails of split-plot or split-split-plot design. These four trials were located on sites that differed in VSD disease pressure (moderate to high), topography and soil characteristics. Up to seven hybrids, two shade treatments and two fertilizer treatments were evaluated. The four years' results indicate that the resistance of planting materials to VSD is the major factor in effectively reducing VSD disease severity and improving productivity. The productivity however also depends on how well the planting materials adapt to other factors of the environment such as soil conditions. Outstanding in terms of yield and resistance to VSD were PA 138 x SCA 9 and SCA 12 x PA 35. The yield of resistant materials was 1.3x to 2.5x that of the susceptible check PA 7 x NA 32, a hybrid well known for its high yield potential. Yield of lightly shaded mature tree plots was on average 30% higher than those densely shaded plots while VSD disease severity was only marginally lower in the former plots. The differences in disease severity and yield between the densely shaded and lightly shaded plots of young trees (before the canopies overlap) was small and non-significant. On VSD disease severity, significant interaction between planting materials and shade was found. Such hybrids as PA 156 x IMC 67 showed lower disease severity under lighter shade. The effect of fertilizer treatment on VSD and yield was non-significant/ Thus VSD can be cost-effectively managed through the use of resistant planting materials and productivity greatly improved when these materials are also widely adaptable or when adequate shade density and manuring are provided. VSD disease severity assessment Method of Bong 1989 used. The disease severity of each of the terminal three flushes of 10 to 15 randomly selected twigs of a tree was scored on scale from 0 to 6. The classes 0 to 3 represent no infection to increasing number of infected leaves and increasing severity as judged by the extent of chlorosis and necrosis. Classes 4 to 6 represent increasing severity in number of infected leaves, increasing defoliation (infected leaf scars), number of fruiting bodies and dying back of the twigs. Assessment of VSD was carried out at intervals of one or two months. Assessment was carried out on centrally located trees. Area under disease progress curve (ADPC) calculated as described by Bong and Seow 1989.

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 Disease

Close

Cross: NA 33 x ICS 95 

Tolerant

 Bong, C.L. et al., 1995

×

Reference

Bong, C.L., Tay, E.B., Lee, M.T. & Chong, T.C. 1995

Comparative study on cultural practices and planting materials in the management of vascular streak dieback and productivity in cocoa. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 197-203.

Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Disease - Oncobasidium theobromae (local names: Vascular Streak Dieback) Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD ABSTRACT This study compares and evaluates the effectiveness of different planting materials, shade and fertilizer treatment in the management of vascular streak dieback (VSD) and improvement of productivity of cocoa in various environments. The study consisted of four trails of split-plot or split-split-plot design. These four trials were located on sites that differed in VSD disease pressure (moderate to high), topography and soil characteristics. Up to seven hybrids, two shade treatments and two fertilizer treatments were evaluated. The four years' results indicate that the resistance of planting materials to VSD is the major factor in effectively reducing VSD disease severity and improving productivity. The productivity however also depends on how well the planting materials adapt to other factors of the environment such as soil conditions. Outstanding in terms of yield and resistance to VSD were PA 138 x SCA 9 and SCA 12 x PA 35. The yield of resistant materials was 1.3x to 2.5x that of the susceptible check PA 7 x NA 32, a hybrid well known for its high yield potential. Yield of lightly shaded mature tree plots was on average 30% higher than those densely shaded plots while VSD disease severity was only marginally lower in the former plots. The differences in disease severity and yield between the densely shaded and lightly shaded plots of young trees (before the canopies overlap) was small and non-significant. On VSD disease severity, significant interaction between planting materials and shade was found. Such hybrids as PA 156 x IMC 67 showed lower disease severity under lighter shade. The effect of fertilizer treatment on VSD and yield was non-significant/ Thus VSD can be cost-effectively managed through the use of resistant planting materials and productivity greatly improved when these materials are also widely adaptable or when adequate shade density and manuring are provided. VSD disease severity assessment Method of Bong 1989 used. The disease severity of each of the terminal three flushes of 10 to 15 randomly selected twigs of a tree was scored on scale from 0 to 6. The classes 0 to 3 represent no infection to increasing number of infected leaves and increasing severity as judged by the extent of chlorosis and necrosis. Classes 4 to 6 represent increasing severity in number of infected leaves, increasing defoliation (infected leaf scars), number of fruiting bodies and dying back of the twigs. Assessment of VSD was carried out at intervals of one or two months. Assessment was carried out on centrally located trees. Area under disease progress curve (ADPC) calculated as described by Bong and Seow 1989.

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 Disease

Close

81.54 % Infection

Note: 13 plants sampled..

 Subali, S., 1992

×

Reference

Subali, S. 1992

MARDI's results on performance of imported primary cocoa clones. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Notes

Malaysia - MARDI Datafile: MARDI_DS MYS - MARDI Germplasm: Agronomic and morphological characteristics of some of the clones held by MARDI. Environment: No details.

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 Disease

Close

Tolerant

 Phua, P.K. et al., 1990

×

Reference

Phua, P.K., Lamin, K & Lee, M.T. 1990

Cocoa germplasm in Sabah and their potential. In: Proceedings of the MCGC-Malaysia Cocoa Board Workshop on Cocoa Agricultural Research. MCGC, Malaysia.

Notes

Malaysia - Sabah Disease - Oncobasidium theobromae (local names: Vascular Streak Dieback) Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Descriptors: Records details of bean weight, shell content, wet to dry bean conversion ratio, pod conversion index, bean number per pod, annual pod yield per tree, sexual compatibility. Environment: Cocoa Research Station, Tawau and Agricultural Research Station, Tenom, Sabah, Malaysia Germplasm: Local selections made in Malaysia and imported germplasm comprising mainly of PA [PER], NA, IMC, SCA and POUND [POU] material

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 Disease

Close

Tolerant

 Bong, C.L. & Phua, P.K., 1989

×

Reference

Bong, C.L. & Phua, P.K. 1989

Screening of hybrid materials for resistance to VSD. In: Research on Cocoa VSD in Sabah. Technical Bulletin No. 9, Dept. of Agriculture, Sabah, Malaysia. pp. 43-39.

Notes

Malaysia - Quion Hill, Sabah and Ulu Dunsun, Sandakan Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Descriptors: Resistance to infections from Vascular Streak Dieback Environment: Set 1 assessed at Quoin Hill at seedling stage in a nusery with the source of natural inoculum from surrounding infected mature fields. Sets 2 and 3 were evaluated at the mature tree stage. Germplasm: 79 hybrids evaluated in three sets. Set 1 consists of Sabah mixed hybrids raised specifically for this purpose at Quoin Hill, Sabah. Sets 2 and 3 are progeny trials established at Quoin Hill, Sabah and Ulu Dunsun, Sandakan respectively. Experimental conditions: VSD disease severity was recorded at intervals of one to two months throughout the epidemic period or at longer intervals throughout the rest of the year. Apparent infection rate (r or ADPC (area under disease progress curve)) are used as criteria to compare differences in the resistance of the hybrids. r is obtained by regressing In(1/1 - x) against time in months where x is the disease severity index. Differences between any two r values is tested using a t - test. ADPC is calculated and analysed using analysis of variance.

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 Disease

Close

Resistant, isolate/strain S1

 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996

×

Reference

Bong, C.L., Lee, M.T. & Yahya, M.N. 1996

Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).

Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.

---

 Disease

Close

Moderate Resistance, isolate/strain S10

 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996

×

Reference

Bong, C.L., Lee, M.T. & Yahya, M.N. 1996

Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).

Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.

---

 Disease

Close

Moderate Resistance, isolate/strain S11

 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996

×

Reference

Bong, C.L., Lee, M.T. & Yahya, M.N. 1996

Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).

Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.

---

 Disease

Close

Moderate Resistance, isolate/strain S12

 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996

×

Reference

Bong, C.L., Lee, M.T. & Yahya, M.N. 1996

Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).

Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.

---

 Disease

Close

Resistant, isolate/strain S3

 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996

×

Reference

Bong, C.L., Lee, M.T. & Yahya, M.N. 1996

Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).

Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.

---

 Disease

Close

Moderate Resistance, isolate/strain S4

 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996

×

Reference

Bong, C.L., Lee, M.T. & Yahya, M.N. 1996

Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).

Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.

---

 Disease

Close

Moderate Resistance, isolate/strain S5

 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996

×

Reference

Bong, C.L., Lee, M.T. & Yahya, M.N. 1996

Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).

Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.

---

 Disease

Close

Moderate Resistance, isolate/strain S6

 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996

×

Reference

Bong, C.L., Lee, M.T. & Yahya, M.N. 1996

Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).

Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.

---

 Disease

Close

Moderate Resistance, isolate/strain S7

 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996

×

Reference

Bong, C.L., Lee, M.T. & Yahya, M.N. 1996

Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).

Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.

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 Disease

Close

Moderate Resistance, isolate/strain S8

 Bong, C.L. et al., 1996

×

Reference

Bong, C.L., Lee, M.T. & Yahya, M.N. 1996

Interaction between cocoa clones and isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae causal pathogen of Vascular Streak Dieback. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brazil, 1996. Cocoa Producers' Alliance. (in press).

Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sabah Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD Experiemental Conditions: The interaction between 11 isolates of Oncobasidium theobromae and 11 cocoa clones was studied using a dual culture method. Clones were selected based on origin of selection and locality: DESA 1, DESA 2, RP 3 - local selections from SAFIMA Plantations, Sandakan; PBC 123 - Golden Hope Plantations, from Peninsular Malaysia; K 20 - Trinitario type, Papuan New Guinea selection; BAL 209 - selection of BAL Plantations; BR 25 - Trinitario selected by a grower in Tawau; ICS 95, NA 33, PA 7 and NA 32 - primary clones. Pathogen isolates originated from 3 localities: high disease pressure areas at SAFIMA Plantations and Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station in Sandakan; low disease pressure area at the Agriculture Research Centre, Turan, Sabah. The dual culture system cultured together the callus of the cocoa clone and the pathogen isolate. 7-10 days old inoculum freshly isolated on 1.0% water from infected twigs of the various clones was used. Callus initiated from stem tissue was maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.05mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid (10mg/l). The callus was subcultured once to eliminate explant tissue. Pieces of callus 2x5x5mm were placed into 50ml aliquots of MS medium (which had been autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes). 5mm mycelial disks were placed on top of the callus. There were 5 replicates per treatment. Growth in diameter of the colony was measured every 2/3 days for 3 weeks. Character Data: Reaction types are as follows: A - growth of the pathogen was good while that of the callus was reduced; indicative of virulence of the pathogen and susceptibly of the host. B - growth of both the pathogen and the host was good; virulence of the pathogen ineffective and the host relatively resistant. C - growth of both the pathogen and the host was poor; suggestive of a hypersensitive reaction. D - growth of the pathogen was poor while that of the callus was comparative to the control; indicative of virulence being overcome and resistance of the host. E - pathogen isolate grew poorly on the callus and the callus showed enhanced growth; indicative of an interaction where defence mechanism operated may have triggered off compensatory growth and inhibition of the pathogen. Dry weight of mycelium: determined after removal from cocoa callus. Calluses were harvested after dark incubation at 25°C for four weeks. Fungal colonisation of callus: mean of three replicates scored at the end of the experiment. 1,2 = little or negligible growth of the mycelium on the callus, callus apparently healthy; 3,4 = extensive mycelial colonisation but sparse, callus wholly visible, slightly inhibited, some parts discoloured; 5 = extensive colonisation, some parts of the callus enveloped by mycelium, exposed parts discoloured; 6,7 = callus almost completely enveloped by dense mycelium, new growth not visible, callus discoloured.

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 Disease

Close

 Witches Broom

Resistant (Field Reaction).

 Monteiro, W.R. & Silva, S.D.V.M., 1998

×

Reference

Monteiro, W.R. & Silva, S.D.V.M. 1998

Individual Institute Reports - Brazil, CEPEC. Report on the IPGRI project: Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation, A Global Approach. Appendix to General Progress Report of Year 1.

Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom Descriptors: General observations and main traits of genotypes Environment: No details Germplasm: Clones included in the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation project.

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 Disease

Close

Resistant (Field Reaction).

 Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M., 1997

×

Reference

Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M. 1997

Evaluating resistance/tolerance to Witches' Broom disease in Bahia, Brazil. Final Report to ACRI. CEPLAC/CEPEC, February, 1997. pp. 56. Data supplied to ICGD by Luz & Silva.

Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Bahia Datafile: DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom Experimental Conditions: Basidiospores were obtained from basidiocarps produced on brooms from Camacan, BA, Brazil, the source area of all inoculum used to screen germplasm. Brooms were hung inside "broom chambers" (vassoureiros) and kept in an 8 hr wet/16 hr dry environment as described by Suarez-Capello (1977) and Rocha and Wheeler (1985). Basidiospores were collected in a 16 percent glycerol solution and stored in liquid nitrogen as described by Frias et al (1995) prior to the inoculation tests. Basidiospore germination tests were performed spraying water-agar plates with the basidiospore suspension kept in liquid nitrogen the day before and immediately after the inoculation. The number of germinated basidiospores were recorded after 24 hr and the inoculum concentration adjusted to the number of viable basidiospores. Suspensions with spore germination of less than 75 percent were not used. At least 112 seedlings, divided in 4 replications of 28 seedlings each, of each of the 176 families obtained from open pollinated seeds planted in tubes with sterilized soil were inoculated when presenting a new flush with at least one leaf 1.5 cm long. 1 ml of a suspension of 75,000 basidiospores of C. pernisiosa/ml were sprayed by the automated inoculation system (Frias at al 1995). Plants were then kept in an incubation chamber for 24 hr at 24 degrees centigrade with 100 percent relative humidity. Individual plant responses were recorded 60 days after inoculation. In all inoculation tests performed SCA 6 and SCA 12 were included as standard resistant progenies and CATONGO as a standard susceptible progeny. Disease - Crinipellis perniciosa (Marasmius perniciosa) (local names: Witches' Broom Disease, Escoba de bruja, Balai de sorciere, Vassoura de bruxa).

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 Disease

Close

Susceptible (Seedling).

 Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M., 1997

×

Reference

Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M. 1997

Evaluating resistance/tolerance to Witches' Broom disease in Bahia, Brazil. Final Report to ACRI. CEPLAC/CEPEC, February, 1997. pp. 56. Data supplied to ICGD by Luz & Silva.

Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Bahia Datafile: DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom Experimental Conditions: Basidiospores were obtained from basidiocarps produced on brooms from Camacan, BA, Brazil, the source area of all inoculum used to screen germplasm. Brooms were hung inside "broom chambers" (vassoureiros) and kept in an 8 hr wet/16 hr dry environment as described by Suarez-Capello (1977) and Rocha and Wheeler (1985). Basidiospores were collected in a 16 percent glycerol solution and stored in liquid nitrogen as described by Frias et al (1995) prior to the inoculation tests. Basidiospore germination tests were performed spraying water-agar plates with the basidiospore suspension kept in liquid nitrogen the day before and immediately after the inoculation. The number of germinated basidiospores were recorded after 24 hr and the inoculum concentration adjusted to the number of viable basidiospores. Suspensions with spore germination of less than 75 percent were not used. At least 112 seedlings, divided in 4 replications of 28 seedlings each, of each of the 176 families obtained from open pollinated seeds planted in tubes with sterilized soil were inoculated when presenting a new flush with at least one leaf 1.5 cm long. 1 ml of a suspension of 75,000 basidiospores of C. pernisiosa/ml were sprayed by the automated inoculation system (Frias at al 1995). Plants were then kept in an incubation chamber for 24 hr at 24 degrees centigrade with 100 percent relative humidity. Individual plant responses were recorded 60 days after inoculation. In all inoculation tests performed SCA 6 and SCA 12 were included as standard resistant progenies and CATONGO as a standard susceptible progeny. Disease - Crinipellis perniciosa (Marasmius perniciosa) (local names: Witches' Broom Disease, Escoba de bruja, Balai de sorciere, Vassoura de bruxa).

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 Disease

Close

Tolerant

 Pires, J.L. et al., 1996

×

Reference

Pires, J.L., Monteiro, W.R., Pinto, L.R.M. & Luz, E.D.M.N. 1996

Resistance to Witches Broom - Evaluation of genotypes from different origins. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brasil 1996 Cocoa Producers' Alliance (in press).

Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafiles: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom PROGENY_ Experimental Conditions: Numbers of vegetative and cushion brooms, and healthy and WB attacked pods were recorded from each plant of the CEPEC collection between may 1995 and June 1996. (Only the accessions planted before 1990 were included in the study - 544 cloned and 21 seminal accessions). Each genotype was represented by a single row of 10 plants. To assess differences between genotypes, a mean of each genotype in the series was used as a series replication. All series with four or more representatives were considered. The analyses were based on the individual values of every single plant of each clone in a row of ten. A second collection (of approx. 250 accessions in common) were equally evaluated. Brooms were removed in December 1994, August 1995, March 1996 and a correlation analysis was carried out. Disease - Crinipellis perniciosa (Marasmius perniciosa) (local names: Witches' Broom Disease, Escoba de bruja, Balai de sorciere, Vassoura de bruxa).

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 Disease

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 Malaysia - Applied Agriculture, 1992

Seed Index: 128.2 (dried beans per 100g)

Pod Index: 34.5 (pods per kg dried beans)

 Reference

×

Reference

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture 1992

Data from Applied Agriculture Research Unit (AARU). In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pp. 4.

Notes

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture Research Datafile: AARU__DS MYS - Applied Agriculture Germplasm: Agronomic characteristics of 120 of the clones held at Applied Agriculture Research. The clones were field budded on 1982 seedlings planting between 1984 and 1987. Environment: No details given.

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 Yield  Bean

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 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991

Seed Index: 142.8 (dried beans per 100g)

Pod Index: 33.5 (pods per kg dried beans)

 Reference

×

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991

Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.

Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

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 Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Flower

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 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022

Pod Index: 39.7 (pods per kg dried beans)

 Reference

×

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022

Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

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 Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Fruit  Flush  Flower

Close

 Clapperton, J. et al., 1994

Seed Index: 104.0 (dried beans per 100g)

 Reference

×

Reference

Clapperton, J., Yow, S., Chan, J., Lim, D., Lockwood, R., Romanczyk, L. & Hammerstone, J. 1994

The contribution of genotype to cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) flavour. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 71(4): pp. 303-308.

Notes

Malaysia - Sabah Datafile: FLAV__DS -Flavour assessment of genotypes Descriptors: Assessment of flavour attributes, especially cocoa flavour intensity, acidity, sourness, bitterness and astringency. Bitterness and astringency are tested against presence of caffeine and polyphenols. Affects on flavour of prolonged storage of the beans is also assessed. Materials and Methods. Six genotypes (AML, IMC 67, NA 33, PA 7, SCA 12, UIT 1) were selected for preliminary flavour trials due to their widespread use in cocoa breeding in Malaysia and elsewhere. Fermentation and Drying. Experiment 1: ripe pods were harvested on one day and stored for 5 days before breaking. 50kg wet beans were fermented on trays covered with banana leaves, for 120h with a single turn after 48h. Beans were then dried in the sun (supplemented by an indirect heat source during wet weather). Positions were rotated to ensure even drying for each genotype. The procedure was replicated four times between October and December 1989. Experiment 2: UIT 1 alone was used to test the effects of 10 and 15 days pod storage, each receiving 72 and 120h fermentation. Trials were replicated 3 times over six weeks under the conditions described for experiment 1. Cocoa liquors and chocolates were prepared in the UK according to the recommendations of the BCCCA (1980). Taste Testing. Each liquor (4 replicates of six genotypes, including a hidden West African reference) were tasted 3 times. Tasting was carried out by an independent assessor according to an incomplete block experimental test design, and by trained panellists from various chocolate manufacturers using their own taste procedures for liquors and chocolates. Liquors from experiment 2 were tasted by the independent assessor according to an incomplete block experimental test design in which each liquor was tasted 4 times. Data was analysed using analysis of variance on each flavour attribute. Constituent testing. Cocoa butter contents were estimated using soxhlet extraction (International Office of Cocoa, Chocolate and Sugar Confectionary, 1972) Alkaloids caffeine and theobromine analysed using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a diode ray detector at 280nm. Flavanols catechin and epicatechin were separated and estimated using HPLC and fluorescence detection. Procyanins were analysed using 2-dimensional chromatography. Character Data: Liquor flavour; cocoa, astringency, acidity: scored on a scale of 1-15 (15=high intensity). Plain chocolate; chocolate, sweetness, acidity, bitterness, astringency, metal, brown fruit, tobacco, mouldy, musty, earthy, baggy: scored on a scale of 1-15 (15=high intensity).

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 Yield

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 Malaysia - Applied Agriculture, 1992

Number: 37.1

Dry Weight: 0.78 g

 Reference

×

Reference

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture 1992

Data from Applied Agriculture Research Unit (AARU). In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pp. 4.

Notes

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture Research Datafile: AARU__DS MYS - Applied Agriculture Germplasm: Agronomic characteristics of 120 of the clones held at Applied Agriculture Research. The clones were field budded on 1982 seedlings planting between 1984 and 1987. Environment: No details given.

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 Yield  Bean

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 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991

Number: 42.4

Total Dry Weight: 29.9 g

Dry Weight: 0.70 g

Note: 35 plants sampled

 Reference

×

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991

Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.

Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

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Close

 Bartley, B.G.D., 1970

Size: small

 Reference

×

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1970

A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.

Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: ICGT2_DS TTO - UWI Cacao Collection Germplasm: Passport descriptors for approximately 1000 accessions of mainly South American and Trinidadian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Six descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics. Character Data: Combinations used FXC = forastero x criollo, TX = trinitario cross

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 Bean  Fruit  Flower

Close

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022

Colour: purple

Shape: elliptical

Number: 37.0

Total Wet Weight: 40.7 g

Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.68 g

Cotyledon Length: 19.1 mm

Cotyledon Width: 10.5 mm

 Reference

×

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022

Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

---

 Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Fruit  Flush  Flower

Close

 KKO, 1993

Colour: dark purple

Number: 55.0

 Reference

×

Reference

KKO 1993

Information from the KKO cocoa germplasm database. Information supplied on computer diskette by C. Cilas, CIRAD-CP, France.

Notes

Cote d'Ivoire and Togo - CIRAD Datafile: CIRAD_DS FRA - CIRAD Passport characteristics Germplasm: Descriptors given for 173 clones of mainly West African and French Guyanian origin. Compilation of data from Côte d'Ivoire and Togo. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Thirteen descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics.

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 Bean  Fruit  Flush  Flower

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 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991

Butterfat Content: 53.40 %

Maximum Butterfat Content: 54.71 %

Minimum Butterfat Content: 52.51 %

Note: 10 plants sampled

 Reference

×

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991

Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.

Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

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 Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Flower

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 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022

Testa: 7.60 %

 Reference

×

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022

Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

---

 Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Fruit  Flush  Flower

Close

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 Bartley, B.G.D., 1970

Size: medium

 Reference

×

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1970

A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.

Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: ICGT2_DS TTO - UWI Cacao Collection Germplasm: Passport descriptors for approximately 1000 accessions of mainly South American and Trinidadian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Six descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics. Character Data: Combinations used FXC = forastero x criollo, TX = trinitario cross

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 Bean  Fruit  Flower

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 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022

Shape: elliptical

Basal Constriction: moderate

Apex Form: acute

Rugosity: intense

Length: 144.0 mm

Breadth: 71.0 mm

Colour: anthocyanin absent

Hardness: moderate

Note: Hardness > 1.6 and <= 2.0 Mpa

 Reference

×

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022

Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

---

 Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Fruit  Flush  Flower

Close

 Brazil - CEPEC, 1987

Rugosity: moderate

 Reference

×

Reference

Brazil - CEPEC 1987

List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.

Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: CEPEC_DS BRA - CEPEC 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: 564 accessions mainly of Brazilian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on compatability pod characteristics and type of cocoa is given.

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 Bean  Fruit  Flower

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 Fiona Lahive, 2017

Accession: RUQ 1577

Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 7.46 μmol m² s^-1

Stomatal Conductance: 0.21 mol m² s^-1

Transpiration Rate: 2.02 mmol m² s^-1

Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 44.28 μmol mol^-1

Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 3.72 mmol mol^-1

Flush Size: 4

Leaf Area: 251.10 cm²

Leaf Dry Weight: 1.47 g

Specific Leaf Area: 174.10 cm² g^-1

 Reference

×

Reference

Fiona Lahive 2017

Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.

Notes

Data for single trees in ICQC,R. Each value is a mean of 2 time points with 6 leaves per tree (12 measurements), except flush size, which was 2 branches per tree (4 measurements).

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 Phenotyping

Close

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022

Colour: intense anthocyanin

 Reference

×

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022

Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

---

 Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Fruit  Flush  Flower

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 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991

Self Compatibility: partial compatibility

 Reference

×

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991

Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.

Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

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 Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Flower

Close

 Bartley, B.G.D., 1970

Self Compatibility: self incompatible

 Reference

×

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1970

A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.

Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: ICGT2_DS TTO - UWI Cacao Collection Germplasm: Passport descriptors for approximately 1000 accessions of mainly South American and Trinidadian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Six descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics. Character Data: Combinations used FXC = forastero x criollo, TX = trinitario cross

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 Bean  Fruit  Flower

Close

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022

Ligule Colour: intense anthocyanin

Stamen Colour: intense anthocyanin

Sepal Length: 7.26 mm

Ligule Width: 2.58 mm

Ovule Number: 55

Style Length: 2.60 mm

Pedicel Colour: reddish

 Reference

×

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022

Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

---

 Yield  Bean  Butterfat  Fruit  Flush  Flower

Close

 Brazil - CEPEC, 1987

Self Compatibility: self incompatible

 Reference

×

Reference

Brazil - CEPEC 1987

List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.

Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: CEPEC_DS BRA - CEPEC 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: 564 accessions mainly of Brazilian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on compatability pod characteristics and type of cocoa is given.

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 Bean  Fruit  Flower

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 KKO, 1993

Self Compatibility: self compatible

 Reference

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Reference

KKO 1993

Information from the KKO cocoa germplasm database. Information supplied on computer diskette by C. Cilas, CIRAD-CP, France.

Notes

Cote d'Ivoire and Togo - CIRAD Datafile: CIRAD_DS FRA - CIRAD Passport characteristics Germplasm: Descriptors given for 173 clones of mainly West African and French Guyanian origin. Compilation of data from Côte d'Ivoire and Togo. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Thirteen descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics.

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 Bean  Fruit  Flush  Flower

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 Posnette, A.F., 1945

Self Compatibility: self incompatible

 Reference

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Reference

Posnette, A.F. 1945

Incompatibility in Amazon cacao. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 22: pp. 184-187.

Notes

Trinidad - Imperical College of Tropical Agriculture, University of the West Indies Datafile: COMP__DS - Compatibility Experimental Conditions: Cross-compatibility study carried out at Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. Pollinations were carried out by hand with the flowers being covered by fine muslin the day before opening. Self-Incompatible - no sets from at least 10 pollinations Cross-Incompatible - no sets from at least 10 pollinations Cross-compatible - at least 25% setting

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 Flower

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