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EET 59 [ECU]    Theobroma cacao

Derivation: Estacion Experimental Tropical.
Location: E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador.

Notes:  Some EET clones are imported genotypes which have been given the duplicate identifier [IMP], [POU] for kown Pound collections and [MIG] for known SAN MIGUEL clones.
 

Synonyms: SAN JAVIER 6 [ECU], ETS 59 [ECU], SAN JANVIER 6 [ECU]

 COLLECTION DETAILS

Location: Los Rios, Ecuador
Coordinates: 79.50 W, 1.00 S
   Marita, J. M. et al., 2001

 PEDIGREE DETAILS

 Parents:
NACIONAL  x Unknown
 - Los Rios
   Ecuador - Pichilingue, 1987
NACIONAL  x Unknown   Bartley, B.G.D., 1983
 Mother to:
EQX 26 [EQX]    Trinidad - ICTA (EQX), No Date
EQX 27 [EQX]    Trinidad - ICTA (EQX), No Date
EQX 28 [EQX]    Trinidad - ICTA (EQX), No Date
EQX 29 [EQX]    Trinidad - ICTA (EQX), No Date

 GENOME/TRANSCRIPTOME DATA LINKS

 Cornejo, O.E. et al., 2018
 Reference
BioProject: PRJNA486011   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Project: PRJEB28591   EVA (project)   EVA (analysis) 
Library Source: Genomic
 
Run: SRR7774212   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Experiment: SRX4629612
BioSample: SAMN09934445
SampleName: EET_59
SampleSource: Trinidad, Tree_ID: 18302
 Jaime A Osorio-Guarín et al., 2020
 Reference
BioProject: PRJNA734904   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Library Source: Genomic
 
Run: SRR14743679   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Experiment: SRX11078443
BioSample: SAMN19549134
SampleName: EET59
SampleSource: AGROSAVIA, Colombia

 HELD IN

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List received in 2012   Reference
• Accession: 245
   - Local Name: EET 59
   - Year of Accession: 1978
List received in 1987   Reference
• Local Name: EET 59 [ECU]
   - Year of Accession: 1982
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: EET-59
   - Year of Accession: 1993
List received in 1999   Reference
• Local Name: EET 59 [ECU]
List received in 1990   Reference
• Local Name: EET 59 [ECU]
List received in 2018   Reference
• Accession: 10266
   - Local Name: EET-59
   - Year of Accession: 1967
List received in 1999   Reference
• Local Name: EET 59 [ECU]
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: EET - 59
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: EET 59
   - Year of Accession: 1993
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: EET59
List received in 1994   Reference
• Local Name: EET 59 [ECU]
   - Year of Accession: 1966
List received in 2008   Reference
• Accession: VTLC 187
   - Local Name: EET-59
List received in 2008   Reference
• Accession: IDN-13-TCAC-00406
   - Local Name: EET59
• Accession: IDN-13-TCAC-00657
   - Local Name: EET 59 (ECU)
List received in 1999   Reference
• Local Name: EET 59 [ECU]
List received in 1995   Reference
• Local Name: EET 59 [ECU]
   - Year of Accession: 1987
List received in 1999   Reference
• Local Name: EET 59 [ECU]
List received in 1998   Reference
• Local Name: EET 59 [ECU]
   - Year of Accession: 1998
List received in 2011   Reference
• Local Name: EET 59
   - Year of Accession: 1965
List received in 2024   Reference
• Accession: PI 668492     GRIN-Global 
   - Local Name: EET 59
   - Year of Accession: 2007

 DISEASE

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 Ceratocystis
Moderately Susceptible (Branch).
Note: Based on mycelium and perithecium development.
 Ricardo A. Delgado & Carmen Suárez Capello, 2003
Susceptible (Branch).
Note: Based on mycelium growth and the production of perithecia.. Classed as Very Susceptible based on mycelium growth
 Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva, 2003
 Frosty Pod Rot
51.00 % Infection (Field reaction).
Note: Natural incidence of the disease over 9 years.
 Wilbert Phillips et al., 2009
Susceptible, 100.00 % Infection
Note: External Severety = 3.6 and Internal Severety = 4.4
 Phillips, W., 1996
 Phytophthora
Resistant
 Butler, D.R. et al., 1998
Moderate Resistance, 93.00 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
Note: Unripe and not wounded
 Lopez-Baez, O. et al., 1996
Resistant, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded
 Morera, J., 1993
Resistant, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
Note: Score: 2 (1-8 Scale). Fully grown, unripe detached pods (4-5 months old).
 A.D. Iwaro et al., 2006
Resistant, 0.10 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora
Note: Artificial reaction to black pod and natural incidence of the disease over 3 years. Rated as Highly Resistant
 Wilbert Phillips et al., 2009
Tolerant, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
 Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J., 1977
Tolerant, 100.00 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded
 Lawrence, J.S., 1978
 Witches Broom
Resistant (Seedling).
 Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M., 1997
Susceptible (Field Reaction).
 Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M., 1997
Susceptible (Field Reaction).
 Butler, D.R. et al., 1998

 YIELD

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 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Pod Index: 23.5 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981
Seed Index: 70.9 (dried beans per 100g)
Productivity: high
 Reference
 Wilbert Phillips et al., 2009
Yield: 778 kg ha-1 yr-1
Note: 3 year mean
 Reference

 BEAN

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 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Colour: purple
Shape: ovate
Number: 41.0
Total Wet Weight: 97.9 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.04 g
Cotyledon Length: 25.5 mm
Cotyledon Width: 15.2 mm
 Reference
 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981
Colour Dark Purple: Absent
Colour Light Purple: Present
Colour Grey: Absent
Colour White: Absent
Colour Mottled: Absent
Number: 26.3
Maximum Number: 47
Cotyledon Wet Weight: 2.14 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.41 g
Cotyledon Length: 25.7 mm
Cotyledon Width: 13.5 mm
Cotyledon Thickness: 11.0 mm
 Reference
 USDA, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico., 2024
Acc: PI 668492
Number: 33.0
 Reference

 BUTTERFAT

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Testa: 3.60 %
 Reference

 FRUIT

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 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Shape: elliptical
Basal Constriction: moderate
Apex Form: obtuse
Rugosity: slight
Length: 179.0 mm
Breadth: 90.0 mm
Colour: anthocyanin absent
Hardness: hard
Note: Hardness > 2.0 Mpa
 Reference
 Brazil - CEPEC, 1987
Rugosity: moderate
 Reference
 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981
Basal Constriction: very slight
Apex Form: slightly acute
Rugosity: moderate
Husk Thickness: 12.2 mm (15.3 - 9.1)
Length: 171.0 mm
Breadth: 85.0 mm
Colour: absent anthocyanin
Weight: 522.0 g
Pods Per Tree: 7
Hardness: soft
Length Breadth Ratio: 2.01
Note: ratio of distances between ridges within a pair and between ridges of two different pairs = 0.68
 Reference
 USDA, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico., 2024
Acc: PI 668492
Length: 166.0 mm
Breadth: 91.0 mm
Weight: 573.9 g
 Reference
 Morera, J. et al., 1991
Shape: amelonado
Colour: green
 Reference

 PHENOTYPING

 Fiona Lahive, 2017
Accession: RUQ 791
Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 4.72 μmol m2 s-1
Stomatal Conductance: 0.07 mol m2 s-1
Transpiration Rate: 1.16 mmol m2 s-1
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 63.87 μmol mol-1
Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 4.06 mmol mol-1
Flush Size: 4
Leaf Area: 200.20 cm2
Leaf Dry Weight: 1.41 g
Specific Leaf Area: 143.10 cm2 g-1
 Reference

 FLUSH

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Colour: slight anthocyanin
 Reference
 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981
Colour: light brown
 Reference

 LEAF

 Trinidad - ICGT, 1992
Distance from Base to Widest Part: 163 mm
Length: 325.0 mm
Width: 114.0 mm
Length to Width Ratio: 2.90
Basal Angle: 117.9 °
Apical Angle: 66.2 °
Petiole Length: 19 mm
Pulvinus Length: 15 mm
 Reference

 FLOWER

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 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin
Stamen Colour: moderate anthocyanin
Sepal Length: 8.54 mm
Ligule Width: 3.18 mm
Ovule Number: 41
Style Length: 2.36 mm
Pedicel Colour: reddish
 Reference
 Brazil - CEPEC, 1987
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference
 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981
Ligule Colour: intense anthocyanin (apical)
Stamen Colour: intense anthocyanin
Sepal Colour: pastel green
Sepal Width: 2.32 mm
Sepal Length: 8.89 mm
Ligule Length: 7.62 mm
Ligule Width: 2.97 mm
Ovary Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical)
Ovary Width: 0.97 mm
Ovary Length: 1.41 mm
Style Length: 2.49 mm
Staminode Length: 7.41 mm
Pedicel Colour: pastel red
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
Note: Translation of Methuen colour codes.
 Reference
 Morera, J. et al., 1991
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference

Marita, J. M., Nienhuis, J., Pires, J. L. & Aitken, W. M. (2001) Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Theobroma cacao with Emphasis on Witches’ Broom Disease Resistance. Crop Sci. 41:1305–1316.
Ecuador - Pichilingue (1987) Nomina de clones y numero de plantas existentes en la coleccion internacional de germoplasma de cacao, EET, Pichilingue. Unpublished report, E.E.T. Pichilingue, Ecuador. pp. 18.
Bartley, B.G.D. (1983) Report of consultancy visit to Cocoa Research Unit, UWI, Trinidad Nov.-Dec. 1983. Unpublished Report.
Trinidad - ICTA (EQX) (No Date) List of the parentage of EQX accessions. Untitled manuscript, Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Trinidad. pp.1.
Cornejo, O.E., Muh-Ching Yee, Victor Dominguez, Mary Andrews, Alexandra Sockell, Erika Strandberg, Donald Livingstone III, Conrad Stack, Alberto Romero, Pathmanathan Umaharan, Stefan Royaert, Nilesh R. Tawari, Pauline Ng, Osman Gutierrez, Wilbert Phillips, Keithanne Mockaitis, Carlos D. Bustamante & Juan C. Motamayor (2018) Population genomic analyses of the chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao L., provide insights into its domestication process. Commun Biol 1, 167
Jaime A Osorio-Guarín, Jhon A Berdugo-Cely, Roberto A Coronado-Silva, Eliana Baez, Yeirme Jaimes, Roxana Yockteng (2020) Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Novel Candidate Genes Associated with Productivity and Disease Resistance to Moniliophthora spp. in Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics, Volume 10, Issue 5, Pages 1713–1725
CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.
Almeida, C.M.V.C. de, Barriga, J.P., Machado, P.F.R. & Bartley, B.G.D. (1987) Evolucao do programa de conservacao dos recursos geneticos de cacau na Amazonia Brasileira. CEPLAC/DEPEA, Boletim Tecnico, Belem, Brasil 5: pp.108.
Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.
Eskes, A.B. (1999) Advanced Draft. Working Procedures and Recording Sheets for the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Project. CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Cocoa Project.
Colombia - ICA Palmira (1990) List of clones held at ICA Palmira. F. Ocampo Rojas, ICA, Colombia.
Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
EET - Pichilingue (2012) Accessions planted in EET - Pichilingue, Ecuador. Freddy Amores and Ignacio Sotomayor C, personal communication, February 2012.
Philippe Lachenaud (2012) CIRAD Montpellier Clone List (Excel Spreadsheet). Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.
CRIG (2012) Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.
Guatemala - Los Brilliantes (1994) Lista de clones existentes en la Estacion de Investigacion y Produccion Agricola "Los Brillantes" a Agosto 1994. M.T. Reyes Barrios, EIAP Guatemala. Personal Communication.
CPCRI (2008) Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.
Susilo, A. (2008) The list of germplasm collected by ICCRI. Personal communication from Agung Susilo, July 2008.
Lopez-Baez, O., Cueto-Moreno, J. & Fraire-Vazquez, G. (1995) Progressos en el mejoramiento genetico del cacao Theobroma cacao L. en Mexico. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Cocoa Breeding Strategies, Kuala Lumpur, 1994. INGENIC, Reading, U.K. pp. 18-25.
PNG - Cocoa & Coconut Research (1998) Current list of cocoa accessions at the PNG CCRI. Mr. Mathias Faure, Personal Communication.
CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
USDA, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. (2024) List of cocoa accessions held at Mayaguez in September 2024. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Ricardo A. Delgado & Carmen Suárez Capello (2003) Evaluación de la Resistencia Al Mal del Machete en Clones Internacionales de Cacao en Ecuador. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva (2003) Ensaios Para Avaliação do Cacaueiro à Murcha-de-Ceratocystis na Bahia, Brasil. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Wilbert Phillips, José Castillo, Adriana Arciniegas, Allan Mata, Aldo Sánchez, Mariela Leandro, Carlos Astorga, Juan Motamayor, Bill Guyton, Ed Seguine & Ray Schnell (2009) Overcoming the Main Limiting Factors of Cacao Production in Central America through the use of Improved Clones Developed at CATIE. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference, Bali, Indonesia (November 2009). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Phillips, W. (1996) Cocoa cultivar reaction when innoculated with Moniliophthora roreri. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication
Butler, D.R., Iwaro, A.D., Thevenin, J.-M., Bekele, F., Sounigo, O., Christopher, Y. & Mooledhar, V. (1998) Individual Institute Reports - Trinidad & Tobago, CRU. Report on the IPGRI project: Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation, A Global Approach. Appendix to General Progress Report of Year 1.
Lopez-Baez, O., Fraire, V.G. & Cueto, M.J. (1996) Mejoramiento genetico para la resistencia a Phytophthora en Mexico. Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Contribution of Disease Resistance to Cocoa Variety Improvement, INGENIC, Salvador, 24th-26th September, 1996. pp.51-55.
Morera, J. (1993) Reaction of clones to Phytophthora palmivora. J. Morera, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal Communication.
A.D. Iwaro, D.R. Butler & A.B. Eskes (2006) Sources of resistance to Phytophthora pod rot at the International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution (2006) 53: 99–109
Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J. (1977) Mejoramiento genético para resistencia a cinco enfermedades del cacao. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Cocoa Research Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, 1977. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 45-56.
Lawrence, J.S. (1978) Screening of cacao cultivars for resistance to Phytophthora palmivora in the collection at CATIE, Costa Rica. Revista Theobroma 8: pp. 125-131.
Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M. (1997) Evaluating resistance/tolerance to Witches' Broom disease in Bahia, Brazil. Final Report to ACRI. CEPLAC/CEPEC, February, 1997. pp. 56. Data supplied to ICGD by Luz & Silva.
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Brazil - CEPEC (1987) List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. (1991) Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.
Fiona Lahive (2017) Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.
Trinidad - ICGT (1992) Leaf descriptors. Unpublished data supplied on computer diskette by International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.