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SPEC 194 /75    Theobroma cacao

 Baker, R.E.D., Cope, F.W., Holliday, P.C., Bartley, B.G. & Taylor, D.J. (1953)
The Anglo-Colombian cacao collecting expedition. Report of Cacao Research, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad 9: pp. 8-29.

Derivation: SPECimen.
Collected by Various.
Location: Colombia.

Notes:  Baker et al., 1953 [BAK53A] The Anglo-Colombian Expedition collected material from various places in Colombia ( Amazonas & Vaupes) in 1952 and involved many different collectors. The material was sent onto Trinidad. The name SPEC was given to everything that was collected including Theobroma species other then T. cacao and Herranias.

Bartley, 1983a [BAR83A]. This material is divided into two classes:

1) Collections from the Amazon - up to SPEC 54,

2) Collections from other populations, usually cultivated and of Criollo or Trinitario descent.
 

Synonyms: COL 194 /75 [SPE], M SPEC 194 /75

 COLLECTION DETAILS

Location: Valle de Patia, Narino, Colombia
Date: 1953
Coordinates: 78.00 W, 2.00 N
Material collected: Seed
Expedition Code: 52CO
   Baker, R.E.D. et al., 1953
   Trinidad - U.W.I., 1952
   Cope, F.W., 1953

 PEDIGREE DETAILS

 Parents:
SPEC 194  x Unknown   Trinidad - U.W.I., 1952

 GENOME/TRANSCRIPTOME DATA LINKS

 Cornejo, O.E. et al., 2018
 Reference
BioProject: PRJNA486011   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Project: PRJEB28591   EVA (project)   EVA (analysis) 
Library Source: Genomic
 
Run: SRR7774324   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Experiment: SRX4629500
BioSample: SAMN09934554
SampleName: SPEC_194_75
SampleSource: Trinidad, Tree_ID: Tc18235

 HELD IN

List received in 2012   Reference
• Accession: 1071
   - Local Name: SPEC 194.75
List received in 2011   Reference
• Local Name: SPEC 194/75

 DISEASE

 Phytophthora
Moderate Resistance, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
Note: Score: 3 (1-8 Scale). Fully grown, unripe detached pods (4-5 months old).
 A.D. Iwaro et al., 2006

 YIELD

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Pod Index: 41.4 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference

 BEAN

 Bartley, B.G.D., 1970
Colour Dark Purple: Present
Colour Purple: Present
Colour Light Purple: Present
Size: large
 Reference
 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Colour: dark purple
Shape: elliptical
Number: 39.0
Total Wet Weight: 34.4 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.62 g
Cotyledon Length: 19.2 mm
Cotyledon Width: 11.0 mm
 Reference

 BUTTERFAT

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Testa: 8.40 %
 Reference
 Trinidad - CRU, 1998
Butterfat Content: 58.78 %
Testa: 7.97 %
 Reference

 FRUIT

 Bartley, B.G.D., 1970
Size: medium
 Reference
 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Shape: obovate
Basal Constriction: slight
Apex Form: obtuse
Rugosity: slight
Length: 139.0 mm
Breadth: 71.0 mm
Colour: anthocyanin absent
Hardness: hard
Note: Hardness > 2.0 Mpa
 Reference

 FLUSH

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Colour: anthocyanin absent
 Reference

 FLOWER

 Bartley, B.G.D., 1970
Self Compatibility: self compatible
 Reference
 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin
Stamen Colour: slight anthocyanin
Sepal Length: 7.15 mm
Ligule Width: 2.38 mm
Ovule Number: 47
Style Length: 2.03 mm
Pedicel Colour: reddish
 Reference

Baker, R.E.D., Cope, F.W., Holliday, P.C., Bartley, B.G. & Taylor, D.J. (1953) The Anglo-Colombian cacao collecting expedition. Report of Cacao Research, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad 9: pp. 8-29.
Trinidad - U.W.I. (1952) Cocoa Collecting Expedition Colombia 1952. Record of material received. Unpublished Notebook, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.
Cope, F.W. (1953) An interim report on the Anglo-Colombian cocoa-collecting expedition. In: Report of the 1953 Cocoa Conference, London. Cocoa, Chocolate & Confectionery Alliance, London, U.K. pp. 57-63.
Cornejo, O.E., Muh-Ching Yee, Victor Dominguez, Mary Andrews, Alexandra Sockell, Erika Strandberg, Donald Livingstone III, Conrad Stack, Alberto Romero, Pathmanathan Umaharan, Stefan Royaert, Nilesh R. Tawari, Pauline Ng, Osman Gutierrez, Wilbert Phillips, Keithanne Mockaitis, Carlos D. Bustamante & Juan C. Motamayor (2018) Population genomic analyses of the chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao L., provide insights into its domestication process. Commun Biol 1, 167
CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.
CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
A.D. Iwaro, D.R. Butler & A.B. Eskes (2006) Sources of resistance to Phytophthora pod rot at the International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution (2006) 53: 99–109
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Bartley, B.G.D. (1970) A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Trinidad - CRU (1998) Fat Analysis Data. Data supplied on computer diskette by F. Bekele, CRU, Trinidad.