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NA 232 Group Name Theobroma cacao

Pound, F.J. (1938)
Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

Derivation: river NAnay.
Collected by Pound.
Location: R. Nanay, Peru.

Pound, 1938a [POU38A]. Fruit - unpigmented, half blanco, long oval, slightly warty, no conspicuous point nor bottle neck. Bartley, 1995a [BAR95A]. Pound describes the typical NANAY as above (pod colour between light/intermediate green) but fruits with different characteristics appear among the NA clones of today which result from seedling progenies of the original collections. Posnette, 1945a [POS45A]. Fan branches are characterised by relatively short (less than 2 cm) petioles in which the pulvini are not clearly separated until the leaf ages, when a shallow constriction may develop. The stamen filaments are always pigmented to some degree, usually heavily.

Notes: Collected in 1937.

Pound, 1938a [POU38A]. Pods were probably collected from 14 trees which were free of witches' broom disease.

Pound, 1943b [POU43B]. 708 plants were planted at Marper farm.

SNP/SSR

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Synonyms: NANAI 232, NANAY 232

PEDIGREE DETAILS

Putative Half-Sibs:: Group P15 Zhang, D. et al., 2009

Reference

Zhang, D., Boccara, M., Motilal, L., Mischke S., Johnson, E.S., Butler, D.R., Bailey, B. & Meinhardt, L. 2009
Molecular characterization of an earliest cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) collection from Upper Amazon using microsatellite DNA markers. Tree Genetics & Genomes. doi:10.1007/s11295-009-0212-2; NA 141; NA 186; NA 686; NA 7 /10

POPULATION

Motamayor, J.C. et al., 2008: 'Nanay' Population; Subgroup: 'Nanay I' Reference

Reference

Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. 2008
Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311
Population SSR

HELD IN

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United Kingdom, International Cocoa Quarantine Centre, Reading (ICQC,R): Current List ICQC,R Website; • Accession: RUQ 1504 ICQC,R; - Local Name: NA 232; - Year of Accession: 2004
Costa Rica, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE): List received in 2018 Reference

Reference

Allan Mata 2018
Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Notes

Excel file received by email.; • Accession: 22240; - Local Name: NA-232; - Year of Accession: 2008
Ghana, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CRIG 2012
Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: NA232
Trinidad and Tobago, International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T): List received in 2011 Reference

Reference

CRU 2011
ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Notes

Website visited 12th April 2011

Link Unavailable [http://sta.uwi.edu/cru/icgt-accessions.asp]; • Local Name: NA 232

YIELD

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Pod Index: 23.1 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

BEAN

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: dark purple; Shape: elliptical; Number: 39.0; Total Wet Weight: 61.5 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.11 g; Cotyledon Length: 22.0 mm; Cotyledon Width: 12.3 mm; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

BUTTERFAT

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Testa: 4.90 %; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

FRUIT

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Shape: elliptical; Basal Constriction: slight; Apex Form: indented; Rugosity: moderate; Length: 174.0 mm; Breadth: 83.0 mm; Colour: anthocyanin absent; Hardness: moderate; Note: Hardness > 1.6 and <= 2.0 Mpa; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

PHENOTYPING

Fiona Lahive, 2017: Accession: RUQ 1504; Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 6.31 μmol m² s^-1; Stomatal Conductance: 0.15 mol m² s^-1; Transpiration Rate: 1.63 mmol m² s^-1; Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 58.02 μmol mol^-1; Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 4.20 mmol mol^-1; Flush Size: 4; Leaf Area: 277.10 cm²; Leaf Dry Weight: 1.64 g; Specific Leaf Area: 173.90 cm² g^-1; Reference

Reference

Fiona Lahive 2017
Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.
Notes

Data for single trees in ICQC,R. Each value is a mean of 2 time points with 6 leaves per tree (12 measurements), except flush size, which was 2 branches per tree (4 measurements).

Phenotyping

FLUSH

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: slight anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

FLOWER

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Ligule Colour: moderate anthocyanin; Stamen Colour: intense anthocyanin; Sepal Length: 6.29 mm; Ligule Width: 2.07 mm; Ovule Number: 44; Style Length: 1.94 mm; Pedicel Colour: red; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

REFERENCES

Pound, F.J. (1938) Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

Zhang, D., Boccara, M., Motilal, L., Mischke S., Johnson, E.S., Butler, D.R., Bailey, B. & Meinhardt, L. (2009) Molecular characterization of an earliest cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) collection from Upper Amazon using microsatellite DNA markers. Tree Genetics & Genomes. doi:10.1007/s11295-009-0212-2

Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. (2008) Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311

Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.

CRIG (2012) Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.

CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Fiona Lahive (2017) Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.