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SPA 16 [COL]    Theobroma cacao

 Colombia - ICA Palmira (1989)
? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. F. Ocampo Rojas, ICA Palmira, Colombia.

Derivation: Seleccion PAlmira.
Collected by Pound.
Location: Palmira, Colombia.

As these are all progeny from a single fruit they should all have basically then same characteristics. Bartley, 1995a [BAR95A]. Leaf - some unpigmented, large, broad and have an undulating (puckered/crinkled) surface. Fruit - basically similar in shape being broad elongate with slight roughness. Seed - some white. Bartley, 1997a [BAR97A]. Variation seen in flush leaf pigmentation from light green (white); the pigmentation of the stamen, which is often intense; and the colour of the fruit, which is either light green or dark green with a tendancy to be shiny.

Notes:  Lockwood & Gyamfi, 1979, [LOC79A] Collections made in Colombia by Pound, somewhere in the Amazon valley. Very similar to some Ecuador Oriente types.

Progeny of a fruit donated to Colombia by Pound (1943?).

Bartley, 1995a [BAR95A]. The association between unpigmented flush leaves and white cotyledons found in some of these clones is typical of the genotypes from the Napo river. Pound did visit Santa Clotilde, the Peruvian research station on this river and the material may therefore have originated in this region.

In previous versions of the ICGD the SPA [COL] clones were included as synonyms of the group SC [COL] (SC 57 - 76 inclusive). The synonymy has now been reversed as this material was originally described as SPA and is more widely known under this name, as advised by Dr. Bartley.


 

Synonyms: SC 71 [COL]

 HELD IN

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List received in 1989   Reference
• Local Name: SC 71 [COL]
List received in 2018   Reference
• Accession: 21846
   - Local Name: SPA-16
   - Year of Accession: 2002
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: SPA16
List received in 2008   Reference
• Accession: IDN-13-TCAC-00456
   - Local Name: SPA 16
List received in 2011   Reference
• Local Name: SPA 16 [COL]
   - Year of Accession: 1994
List received in 2016   Reference
• Accession: PI 668483     GRIN-Global 
   - Local Name: SPA 16 [COL]
   - Year of Accession: 2007
List received in 2010   Reference
• Accession: MIA 35777     GRIN-Global 
   - Local Name: SPA 16
   - Year of Accession: 2002

 YIELD

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Pod Index: 23.5 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference

 BEAN

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Colour: dark purple
Shape: ovate
Number: 50.0
Total Wet Weight: 61.0 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.85 g
Cotyledon Length: 22.3 mm
Cotyledon Width: 13.4 mm
 Reference
 Colombia - ICA Palmira, 1986
Colour Purple: 98 %
Colour Light Purple: 2 %
Size: medium
Number: 36.2
Length: 20.9 mm
Width: 12.1 mm
Thickness: 7.0 mm
Total Wet Weight: 82.9 g
Wet Weight: 1.54 g
Cotyledon Wet Weight: 1.09 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.93 g
 Reference

 BUTTERFAT

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Testa: 6.00 %
 Reference
 Colombia - ICA Palmira, 1986
Testa: 6.13 %
 Reference

 FRUIT

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Shape: elliptical
Basal Constriction: slight
Apex Form: obtuse
Rugosity: slight
Length: 146.0 mm
Breadth: 79.0 mm
Colour: anthocyanin absent
 Reference
 Colombia - ICA Palmira, 1986
Shape: oblong
Basal Constriction: slight
Apex Form: rounded
Rugosity: smooth
Husk Thickness: 0.55 mm
Length: 161.6 mm
Breadth: 87.3 mm
Colour: yellow
Weight: 514.0 g
Hardness: hard
Length Breadth Ratio: 1.85
 Reference

 PHENOTYPING

 Fiona Lahive, 2017
Accession: RUQ 691
Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 2.85 μmol m2 s-1
Stomatal Conductance: 0.08 mol m2 s-1
Transpiration Rate: 0.91 mmol m2 s-1
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 44.93 μmol mol-1
Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 3.28 mmol mol-1
Flush Size: 3
Leaf Area: 280.30 cm2
Leaf Dry Weight: 1.82 g
Specific Leaf Area: 155.80 cm2 g-1
 Reference

 FLUSH

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Colour: moderate anthocyanin
 Reference

 LEAF

 Colombia - ICA Palmira, 1986
Shape: obovate
Length: 275.0 mm
Width: 104.0 mm
Length to Width Ratio: 2.60
Apex Form: acuminate
Pulvinus Present: Yes
 Reference

 FLOWER

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Ligule Colour: moderate anthocyanin
Stamen Colour: intense anthocyanin
Sepal Length: 7.16 mm
Ligule Width: 2.78 mm
Ovule Number: 47
Style Length: 2.74 mm
Pedicel Colour: reddish
 Reference
 Colombia - ICA Palmira, 1986
Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent
Petal Length: 9.90 mm
Sepal Colour: anthocyanin absent
Sepal Width: 2.00 mm
Sepal Length: 6.75 mm
Sepal Length to Width Ratio: 3.37
Ligule Length: 2.93 mm
Ligule Width: 2.13 mm
Ligule Length to Width Ratio: 1.37
Ribbon Length: 3.30 mm
Ovary Width: 1.00 mm
Ovary Length: 1.60 mm
Ovary Length to Width Ratio: 1.60
Ovule Number: 59
Style Length: 2.00 mm
Staminode Colour: dark purple
Staminode Length: 5.40 mm
Pedicel Length: 13.80 mm
Pedicel Colour: greenish white
Hairs on Upper Surface of Sepal: present
Pigmented Glands on Lower Surface of Sepal: present
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
Note: Translation of Pantone colour codes.
 Reference

Colombia - ICA Palmira (1989) ? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. F. Ocampo Rojas, ICA Palmira, Colombia.
Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
CRIG (2012) Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.
Susilo, A. (2008) The list of germplasm collected by ICCRI. Personal communication from Agung Susilo, July 2008.
CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
USDA, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. (2016) List of cocoa accessions held at Mayaguez in April 2016. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
USDA-ARS, SHRS, NCGR, National Germplasm Repository, Miami, Florida, USA. (2010) List of cocoa accessions held at Miami and Coconut Grove (Plant Introduction Station) in July, 2010. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Colombia - ICA Palmira (1986) ? A catalogue of the cacao germplasm at ICA Palmira. ICA Palmira, Colombia.
Fiona Lahive (2017) Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.