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AMAZ 5 /2    Theobroma cacao

 Chalmers, W.S. (1973)
Report on a visit to Ecuador, Peru, and Brasil, March 1st-April 15th 1973. Unpublished Report. Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Trinidad. pp. 31.

Derivation: r. AMAZonas.
Collected by INIAP/UWI Chalmers.
Location: R. Amazonas nr Iquitos, Ecuador.

(Chalmers, 1973a [CHA73A]) AMAZ 3 [CHA] to AMAZ 10 [CHA] and AMAZ 15 [CHA] were selected from a planted area of cocoa with trees showing a range of pod types from five pairs of very distinct, slightly rugose ridges to a very smooth ridgeless calabacillo type. Most had a slight bottleneck and several had a pronounced "blanco" foundation colour. Several pods showed a very characteristic slightly rough, minutely pimpled surface. Some had a very hard pod wall (AMAZ 5, 7 and 8 [CHA]). The number of seeds per pod varied between 11 and 49. All the seeds were dark purple, generally small to medium in size and, within the same pod, plump and flattish seed occured. Only AMAZ 3 [CHA] and AMAZ [15] showed any Witches broom infection. AMAZ 11and AMAZ 12 were collected from Iquitos island, where Pound collected the IMC family. Many of the trees growing in the farm had pods very similar to those of IMC 67 although AMAZ 12 had a more Amelonado shaped pod with a fairly hard shell. AMAZ 13 [CHA] and AMAZ 14 [CHA] had marked pigmentation in the flush. The peduncles were pigmented but not the stamens. The young pods were smooth and Amelonado shaped. The petioles were distinctively short, thick and without any constriction.

Notes:  Collected in 1973.

Bartley, 1997b [BAR97B] The seed collected on this expedition was divided between Trinidad and Ecuador. At present only the data on the seedling progeny at Trinidad is available.
 

 Bartley, B.G.D. (1997)
Comments made by Dr. Bartley during his visit to Reading (4th - 15th August 1997). B.G.D.Bartley. Personal Communications.

Notes:  The seed collected on this expedition was divided between Trinidad and Ecuador. At present only the data on the seedling progeny at Trinidad is available.
 

Synonyms: AMA 5 /2 [CHA], AMAZONAS 5 /2, AMAZON 5 /2

 COLLECTION DETAILS

Location: R. Amazonas, Loreto, Peru (cocoa plantation)
Date: April 1973
Coordinates: 73.10 W, 3.45 S
Material collected: Seed
Notes: Iquitos San Jose de Bufeo. 15 min up river from AMAZ 2.
Expedition Code: 73CH
   Chalmers, W.S., 1973

 PEDIGREE DETAILS

 Parents:
AMAZ 5  x Unknown   Bartley, B.G.D., 1997

 POPULATION

 Motamayor, J.C. et al., 2008
'Iquitos' Population
Subgroup: 'Amazonas'   Reference

 HELD IN

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Current List   ICQC,R Website
• Accession: RUQ 93     ICQC,R 
   - Local Name: AMAZ 5/2 [CHA]
   - Year of Accession: 1988
List received in 2012   Reference
• Accession: 932
   - Local Name: AMAZON 5.2
• Accession: 932
   - Local Name: AMAZON 5.2
• Accession: 932
   - Local Name: AMAZON 5.2
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: AMAZ-5/2
List received in 2018   Reference
• Accession: 21849
   - Local Name: AMAZ-5/2
   - Year of Accession: 2005
List received in 1999   Reference
• Local Name: AMAZ 5 /2 [CHA]
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: AMAZ5-2
   - Year of Accession: 1997
List received in 2008   Reference
• Accession: IDN-13-TCAC-00652
   - Local Name: AMAZ 5/2 (CHA)
List received in 1999   Reference
• Local Name: AMAZ 5 /2 [CHA]
List received in 1998   Reference
• Local Name: AMAZON 5 /2 [CHA]
   - Year of Accession: 1993
List received in 1999   Reference
• Local Name: AMAZ 5 /2 [CHA]
List received in 2011   Reference
• Local Name: AMAZ 5/2 [CHA]
   - Year of Accession: 1973

 DISEASE

 Ceratocystis
Susceptible (Branch).
Note: Based on mycelium growth and the production of perithecia..
 Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva, 2003

 YIELD

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Pod Index: 23.5 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference

 BEAN

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Colour: dark purple
Shape: ovate
Number: 43.0
Total Wet Weight: 58.6 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.99 g
Cotyledon Length: 22.7 mm
Cotyledon Width: 12.2 mm
 Reference

 BUTTERFAT

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Testa: 5.40 %
 Reference

 FRUIT

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Shape: elliptical
Basal Constriction: strong
Apex Form: mammillate
Rugosity: slight
Length: 141.0 mm
Breadth: 81.0 mm
Colour: anthocyanin absent
Hardness: hard
Note: Hardness > 2.0 Mpa
 Reference

 PHENOTYPING

 Fiona Lahive, 2017
Accession: RUQ 93
Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 5.33 μmol m2 s-1
Stomatal Conductance: 0.09 mol m2 s-1
Transpiration Rate: 1.25 mmol m2 s-1
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 59.36 μmol mol-1
Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 4.26 mmol mol-1
Flush Size: 5
Leaf Area: 272.60 cm2
Leaf Dry Weight: 1.83 g
Specific Leaf Area: 150.70 cm2 g-1
 Reference

 FLUSH

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Colour: intense anthocyanin
 Reference

 FLOWER

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin
Stamen Colour: slight anthocyanin
Sepal Length: 7.60 mm
Ligule Width: 2.44 mm
Ovule Number: 48
Style Length: 2.30 mm
Pedicel Colour: reddish
 Reference

Chalmers, W.S. (1973) Report on a visit to Ecuador, Peru, and Brasil, March 1st-April 15th 1973. Unpublished Report. Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Trinidad. pp. 31.
Bartley, B.G.D. (1997) Comments made by Dr. Bartley during his visit to Reading (4th - 15th August 1997). B.G.D.Bartley. Personal Communications.
Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. (2008) Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311
CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.
Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.
Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Eskes, A.B. (1999) Advanced Draft. Working Procedures and Recording Sheets for the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Project. CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Cocoa Project.
CRIG (2012) Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.
Susilo, A. (2008) The list of germplasm collected by ICCRI. Personal communication from Agung Susilo, July 2008.
Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1998) Accessions held in the Malaysian Cocoa Board collection, May 1998. K. Lamin, MCB, Malaysia, Personal Communication.
CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva (2003) Ensaios Para Avaliação do Cacaueiro à Murcha-de-Ceratocystis na Bahia, Brasil. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Fiona Lahive (2017) Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.