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ICS 47 Group Name Theobroma cacao

Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O. (1979)
The CRIG cocoa germplasm collection with notes on codes used in the breeding programme at Tafo and elsewhere. Technical Bulletin, No. 10, Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. pp. 62.

Derivation: Imperial College Selections.
Location: ICTA, Trinidad and Tobago.

Notes: Lockwood & Gyamfi, 1979 [LOC79A] Selections from farms in Trinidad (1-100) and from Criollo progenies (101-107).

Cope, 1949a [COP49A]. One hundred selections were made as a result of a survey started in 1930 by Pound.

Bartley, 1993a [BAR93A]. Numbers 1 to 100 were selected from all over Trinidad, numbers 101 to 107 were Criollo trees selected from a farm but all have been lost and numbers greater than 111 are selections made in an experimental programme.

Bartley, 1996a [BAR96A]. The ICS material includes several clones which resulted from recent (at that time) introductions. These include Criollos from Nicaragua (ICS 60 and its relatives) or Venezuela. Other ICS clones represent "Amazonian" types originally introduced from the Orinoco. It is likely that several introductions were involved in creating the diversity that existed in Trinidad when Pound started the selection work.

Bartley, 1997b [BAR97B] From ICS 113 onwards these clones were used as parents in the AX / MX series. The same cross be known by an equivalent C [TTO] name.

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Synonyms: G VI 216, I S C 47

PEDIGREE DETAILS

Parents:: CRIOLLO [CRI] x Unknown
- River Estate
Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O., 1979

Reference

Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O. 1979
The CRIG cocoa germplasm collection with notes on codes used in the breeding programme at Tafo and elsewhere. Technical Bulletin, No. 10, Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. pp. 62.
Notes

Ghana - CRIG Datafile: PROGENY_ Catalogue of the material held in Ghana together with notes on the origins and usages of code names.

HELD IN

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Brazil, Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira/Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPLAC/CEPEC): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CEPEC 2012
Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.; • Accession: 268; - Local Name: ICS 47
Brazil, Comissao Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira (CEPLAC): List received in 1987 Reference

Reference

Almeida, C.M.V.C. de, Barriga, J.P., Machado, P.F.R. & Bartley, B.G.D. 1987
Evolucao do programa de conservacao dos recursos geneticos de cacau na Amazonia Brasileira. CEPLAC/DEPEA, Boletim Tecnico, Belem, Brasil 5: pp.108.
Notes

History of the collections, naming of the accessions, origins of the material, collection and planting dates, propagation methods and number of plants established.; • Local Name: ICS 47; - Year of Accession: 1965
Brazil, Mars Center for Cocoa Science: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Mars Center for Cocoa Science 2012
Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: ICS-47
Costa Rica, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE): List received in 2018 Reference

Reference

Allan Mata 2018
Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Notes

Excel file received by email.; • Accession: 10322; - Local Name: ICS-47; - Year of Accession: 1979
Guatemala, Estacion Exeparimental Los Brillantes: List received in 1994 Reference

Reference

Guatemala - Los Brilliantes 1994
Lista de clones existentes en la Estacion de Investigacion y Produccion Agricola "Los Brillantes" a Agosto 1994. M.T. Reyes Barrios, EIAP Guatemala. Personal Communication.; • Local Name: ICS 47; - Year of Accession: 1958
India, Kerala Agricultural University: List received in 1997 Reference

Reference

India - Kerala 1997
List of survivng clones from all the introductions. R.V. Nair, Kerala Agricultural University, India. Personal Communication.; • Accession: 216; - Local Name: ICS 47; - Year of Accession: 1993
Malaysia, Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB): List received in 1998 Reference

Reference

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran 1998
Accessions held in the Malaysian Cocoa Board collection, May 1998. K. Lamin, MCB, Malaysia, Personal Communication.; • Local Name: ICS 47; - Year of Accession: 1993
Trinidad and Tobago, International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T): List received in 2011 Reference

Reference

CRU 2011
ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Notes

Website visited 12th April 2011

Link Unavailable [http://sta.uwi.edu/cru/icgt-accessions.asp]; • Local Name: ICS 47

DISEASE

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Phytophthora: Resistant; Butler, D.R. et al., 1998

Reference

Butler, D.R., Iwaro, A.D., Thevenin, J.-M., Bekele, F., Sounigo, O., Christopher, Y. & Mooledhar, V. 1998
Individual Institute Reports - Trinidad & Tobago, CRU. Report on the IPGRI project: Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation, A Global Approach. Appendix to General Progress Report of Year 1.
Notes

Trinidad - ICG,T, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis Descriptors: General observations and main traits of genotypes Environment: No details Germplasm: Clones included in the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation project.

Disease; Resistant, sp. P. palmivora; Note: Artificial reaction to black pod (Paper Disc Method). Rated as Highly Resistant; Wilbert Phillips et al., 2009

Reference

Wilbert Phillips, José Castillo, Adriana Arciniegas, Allan Mata, Aldo Sánchez, Mariela Leandro, Carlos Astorga, Juan Motamayor, Bill Guyton, Ed Seguine & Ray Schnell 2009
Overcoming the Main Limiting Factors of Cacao Production in Central America through the use of Improved Clones Developed at CATIE. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference, Bali, Indonesia (November 2009). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield
Witches Broom: Susceptible (Field Reaction).; Butler, D.R. et al., 1998

Reference

Butler, D.R., Iwaro, A.D., Thevenin, J.-M., Bekele, F., Sounigo, O., Christopher, Y. & Mooledhar, V. 1998
Individual Institute Reports - Trinidad & Tobago, CRU. Report on the IPGRI project: Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation, A Global Approach. Appendix to General Progress Report of Year 1.
Notes

Trinidad - ICG,T, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis Descriptors: General observations and main traits of genotypes Environment: No details Germplasm: Clones included in the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation project.

Disease

YIELD

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Pod Index: 20.7 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

BEAN

Bartley, B.G.D., 1970: Size: large; Reference

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1970
A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: ICGT2_DS TTO - UWI Cacao Collection Germplasm: Passport descriptors for approximately 1000 accessions of mainly South American and Trinidadian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Six descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics. Character Data: Combinations used FXC = forastero x criollo, TX = trinitario cross

Bean Fruit Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: dark purple; Shape: oblong; Number: 35.0; Total Wet Weight: 66.7 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.38 g; Cotyledon Length: 24.3 mm; Cotyledon Width: 13.6 mm; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

BUTTERFAT

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Testa: 3.90 %; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

FRUIT

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Bartley, B.G.D., 1970: Size: large; Reference

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1970
A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: ICGT2_DS TTO - UWI Cacao Collection Germplasm: Passport descriptors for approximately 1000 accessions of mainly South American and Trinidadian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Six descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics. Character Data: Combinations used FXC = forastero x criollo, TX = trinitario cross

Bean Fruit Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Shape: elliptical; Basal Constriction: moderate; Apex Form: acute; Rugosity: slight; Length: 181.0 mm; Breadth: 86.0 mm; Colour: anthocyanin absent; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Brazil - CEPEC, 1987: Rugosity: intense; Reference

Reference

Brazil - CEPEC 1987
List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: CEPEC_DS BRA - CEPEC 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: 564 accessions mainly of Brazilian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on compatability pod characteristics and type of cocoa is given.

Bean Fruit Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Basal Constriction: very slight; Apex Form: acute; Rugosity: intense; Colour: absent anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Morera, J. et al., 1991: Shape: amelonado; Colour: green; Reference

Reference

Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. 1991
Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot CATIE3DS CRI - CATIE 3 DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 559 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, self-compatibility, resistance to disease, pod shape and colour are described. Population types - CATIE, Costa Rica (3). Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda), Moniliophthora / Monilia roreri (local names: Watery Pod Rot, Moniliasis, Moniliose), Ceratocystis fimbriata (local names: Ceratocystis Wilt, Mal de Machete, Mort Subite).

Disease Fruit Flower

FLUSH

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: slight anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Colour: olive; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower

LEAF

Trinidad - ICGT, 1992: Distance from Base to Widest Part: 140 mm; Length: 276.0 mm; Width: 91.0 mm; Length to Width Ratio: 3.10; Basal Angle: 107.6 °; Apical Angle: 72.1 °; Petiole Length: 11 mm; Pulvinus Length: 16 mm; Reference

Reference

Trinidad - ICGT 1992
Leaf descriptors. Unpublished data supplied on computer diskette by International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies.
Flower descriptor data is presented for 620 clones, fruit descriptor data of 333 and seed characters of 118 clones are partly described. Leaf descriptor data is presented for 229 clones. The germplasm is mainly of Peruvian, Ecuadorian and Colombian origin. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 16 trees planted 1.8 m apart in a block design. Shading is provided by Erythrina sp. (spaced 60m apart) and bananas (spaced 4m apart). Fertilizer, N-P-K (15:10:5), is provided twice a year at 250g per tree. Cyclic irrigation is performed from February to May (10 l of water per plant/week). Soil type group -33 A 1 Soil Series - Cunupia fine sandy clay with restricted internal drainage Lithology - silty clay alluvium Drainage - imperfect Slope category - 0°-2° Meterological data are given in this table as mean maximum, mean minimum and overall mean temperature and mean total rainfall per month over the period 1961-1990. Month Temp. (°C) Rainfall Max Min Mean (mm) January 30.1 20.8 24.6 71.2 February 30.2 20.8 25.0 43.3 March 31.2 21.4 25.7 36.6 April 31.8 22.3 26.5 51.1 May 31.6 23.3 26.9 116.5 June 30.6 23.3 26.4 252.1 July 30.8 23.0 26.2 266.3 August 31.2 22.9 26.4 250.1 September 31.5 22.8 26.5 202.5 October 31.4 22.82 6.41 99.3 November 30.8 22.4 25.9 227.8 December 30.2 21.5 25.2 155.6 Descriptors: The character selection is based on the IBPGR list (IBPGR, 1981 [IBP81A]). Where descriptor states present real measurements, e.g. pod length in cm, the data are given as the mean of all the measurements ± the standard deviation. For some descriptors, such as Leaf, flush colour, the phenotypic expression of the character is coded on a scale from 0 to 9. On this scale '0' represents the lowest or weakest expression of a characteristic and '9' represents the highest or strongest. Leaf and Flower Characteristics p.300-307

Leaf

FLOWER

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Bartley, B.G.D., 1970: Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Reference

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1970
A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: ICGT2_DS TTO - UWI Cacao Collection Germplasm: Passport descriptors for approximately 1000 accessions of mainly South American and Trinidadian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Six descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics. Character Data: Combinations used FXC = forastero x criollo, TX = trinitario cross

Bean Fruit Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent; Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Sepal Length: 7.25 mm; Ligule Width: 2.49 mm; Ovule Number: 34; Style Length: 1.99 mm; Pedicel Colour: red; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Brazil - CEPEC, 1987: Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Reference

Reference

Brazil - CEPEC 1987
List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: CEPEC_DS BRA - CEPEC 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: 564 accessions mainly of Brazilian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on compatability pod characteristics and type of cocoa is given.

Bean Fruit Flower

REFERENCES

Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O. (1979) The CRIG cocoa germplasm collection with notes on codes used in the breeding programme at Tafo and elsewhere. Technical Bulletin, No. 10, Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. pp. 62.

CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.

Almeida, C.M.V.C. de, Barriga, J.P., Machado, P.F.R. & Bartley, B.G.D. (1987) Evolucao do programa de conservacao dos recursos geneticos de cacau na Amazonia Brasileira. CEPLAC/DEPEA, Boletim Tecnico, Belem, Brasil 5: pp.108.

Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.

Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.

Guatemala - Los Brilliantes (1994) Lista de clones existentes en la Estacion de Investigacion y Produccion Agricola "Los Brillantes" a Agosto 1994. M.T. Reyes Barrios, EIAP Guatemala. Personal Communication.

India - Kerala (1997) List of survivng clones from all the introductions. R.V. Nair, Kerala Agricultural University, India. Personal Communication.

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1998) Accessions held in the Malaysian Cocoa Board collection, May 1998. K. Lamin, MCB, Malaysia, Personal Communication.

CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.

Butler, D.R., Iwaro, A.D., Thevenin, J.-M., Bekele, F., Sounigo, O., Christopher, Y. & Mooledhar, V. (1998) Individual Institute Reports - Trinidad & Tobago, CRU. Report on the IPGRI project: Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation, A Global Approach. Appendix to General Progress Report of Year 1.

Wilbert Phillips, José Castillo, Adriana Arciniegas, Allan Mata, Aldo Sánchez, Mariela Leandro, Carlos Astorga, Juan Motamayor, Bill Guyton, Ed Seguine & Ray Schnell (2009) Overcoming the Main Limiting Factors of Cacao Production in Central America through the use of Improved Clones Developed at CATIE. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference, Bali, Indonesia (November 2009). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Bartley, B.G.D. (1970) A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.

Brazil - CEPEC (1987) List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.

Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.

Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. (1991) Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.

Trinidad - ICGT (1992) Leaf descriptors. Unpublished data supplied on computer diskette by International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.