Search Results

PA 56 [PER]    Theobroma cacao

 Pound, F.J. (1938)
Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

Derivation: PArinari.
Collected by Pound.
Location: Parinari, Peru.

Pound, 1938a: [POU38A] type 1 - long, generally warty pods with a pronounced bottleneck and a conspicuous point, type 2 - lack the pronounced bottleneck, type 3 - pods shorter and lack both the pronounced bottle neck and point, type 4 - smooth lagarta, ie with bottle neck and point but with shallow furrows and a smooth shell, type 5 - as type 1 but with very small beans, type 6 - short, 10 ridged oval, warty pods, sometimes with red tint. Posnette, 1945A [POS45A]. Parinari type has long petioles (2-3 cm) with pulvini separated by a long, deep constriction even when young. The stamen filaments are not pigmented.

Notes:  Selections from the region around Parinari.

Pound, 1938a [POU38A]. Pods probably collected from some 20 trees free of Witches' Broom in a population of type 1,2,3, and 4. Further collections may have made around Porvenir (between the Boca del Huallaga and Boca del Pastaza) from types 5 and 6.

Pound, 1943b [POU43B]. 277 plants were planted at Marper farm.

Bartley, 1998a [BAR98A] Parinari means tree and it is the name of a place on the River Amazon (Maranon) in Peru. However it is believed to refer to a region rather than a specific place. Types 5 and 6 were collected from along the whole stretch of the Maranon River.
 

Synonyms: G VI 189, PARINARI 56 [PER]

 PEDIGREE DETAILS

 Mother to:
TSA 836    Freeman, W.E., No Date
TSA 837    Freeman, W.E., No Date

 POPULATION

 Motamayor, J.C. et al., 2008
'Maranon' Population
Subgroup: 'Parinari I'   Reference

 GENOME/TRANSCRIPTOME DATA LINKS

 Cornejo, O.E. et al., 2018
 Reference
BioProject: PRJNA486011   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Project: PRJEB28591   EVA (project)   EVA (analysis) 
Library Source: Genomic
 
Run: SRR7774237   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Experiment: SRX4629587
BioSample: SAMN09934523
SampleName: PA_56
SampleSource: Trinidad, Tree_ID: 18396

 HELD IN

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Current List   ICQC,R Website
• Accession: RUQ 32     ICQC,R 
   - Local Name: PA 56 [PER]
   - Year of Accession: 1985
List received in 2012   Reference
• Accession: 959
   - Local Name: PA 56
• Accession: 959
   - Local Name: PA 56
• Accession: 959
   - Local Name: PA 56
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: PA-56
   - Year of Accession: 1996
List received in 2018   Reference
• Accession: 21859
   - Local Name: PA-56 [PER]
   - Year of Accession: 2004
List received in 2008   Reference
• Accession: VTLC 134
   - Local Name: PA 56
• Accession: VTLC 88
   - Local Name: GVI-189
List received in 1997   Reference
• Accession: 189
   - Local Name: PA 56 [PER]
   - Year of Accession: 1990
List received in 2008   Reference
• Local Name: Pa 56
List received in 1990   Reference
• Local Name: PA 56 [PER]
List received in 1994   Reference
• Local Name: PA 56 [PER]
   - Year of Accession: 1968
List received in 1993   Reference
• Local Name: PA 56 [PER]
List received in 1991   Reference
• Local Name: PA 56 [PER]
List received in 2011   Reference
• Local Name: PA 56 [PER]

 DISEASE

 Vascular Streak Dieback
69.50 % Infection
Note: 20 plants sampled..
 Subali, S., 1992
Susceptible
Note: Clone yielded no pods in 3 year study.
 Lim, C.H., 1992

 YIELD

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 Malaysia - Applied Agriculture, 1992
Seed Index: 119.0 (dried beans per 100g)
Pod Index: 33.9 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991
Seed Index: 111.1 (dried beans per 100g)
Pod Index: 33.6 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991
Seed Index: 116.2 (dried beans per 100g)
Pod Index: 33.7 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Pod Index: 32.1 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference

 BEAN

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 Malaysia - Applied Agriculture, 1992
Number: 34.9
Dry Weight: 0.84 g
 Reference
 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991
Number: 32.9
Total Dry Weight: 29.8 g
Dry Weight: 0.90 g
Note: 33 plants sampled
 Reference
 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991
Number: 34.3
Total Dry Weight: 29.7 g
Dry Weight: 0.86 g
 Reference
 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Colour: purple
Shape: elliptical
Number: 39.0
Total Wet Weight: 47.6 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.80 g
Cotyledon Length: 14.7 mm
Cotyledon Width: 6.5 mm
 Reference
 KKO, 1993
Colour: dark purple
 Reference

 BUTTERFAT

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 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991
Butterfat Content: 56.40 %
Note: 6 plants sampled
 Reference
 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991
Butterfat Content: 53.40 %
 Reference
 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Testa: 10.80 %
 Reference
 Trinidad - CRU, 1998
Butterfat Content: 52.50 %
Testa: 6.40 %
 Reference

 FRUIT

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Shape: elliptical
Basal Constriction: strong
Apex Form: acute
Rugosity: moderate
Length: 167.0 mm
Breadth: 81.0 mm
Colour: anthocyanin absent
Hardness: moderate
Note: Hardness > 1.6 and <= 2.0 Mpa
 Reference

 PHENOTYPING

 Fiona Lahive, 2017
Accession: RUQ 32
Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 1.74 μmol m2 s-1
Stomatal Conductance: 0.04 mol m2 s-1
Transpiration Rate: 0.64 mmol m2 s-1
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 46.81 μmol mol-1
Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 2.51 mmol mol-1
Flush Size: 5
Leaf Area: 166.80 cm2
Leaf Dry Weight: 1.16 g
Specific Leaf Area: 146.40 cm2 g-1
 Reference

 FLUSH

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Colour: slight anthocyanin
 Reference

 FLOWER

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin
Stamen Colour: slight anthocyanin
Sepal Length: 6.80 mm
Ligule Width: 2.08 mm
Ovule Number: 38
Style Length: 2.25 mm
Pedicel Colour: reddish
 Reference

Pound, F.J. (1938) Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.
Freeman, W.E. (No Date) Cited by C. Gonsalves in Cocoa Research Unit Newsletter, No. 3, 1996.
Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. (2008) Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311
Cornejo, O.E., Muh-Ching Yee, Victor Dominguez, Mary Andrews, Alexandra Sockell, Erika Strandberg, Donald Livingstone III, Conrad Stack, Alberto Romero, Pathmanathan Umaharan, Stefan Royaert, Nilesh R. Tawari, Pauline Ng, Osman Gutierrez, Wilbert Phillips, Keithanne Mockaitis, Carlos D. Bustamante & Juan C. Motamayor (2018) Population genomic analyses of the chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao L., provide insights into its domestication process. Commun Biol 1, 167
CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.
Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.
Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
CPCRI (2008) Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.
India - Kerala (1997) List of survivng clones from all the introductions. R.V. Nair, Kerala Agricultural University, India. Personal Communication.
Haeser, E. (2008) Accession list for Bah Lias Research Station, PT.PP. London Sumatra, Indonesia. Personal communication, March 2010.
Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1990) List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.
Nigeria - CRIN (1994) CRIN Cocoa germplasm. S.A. Olatoye, CRIN, Nigeria. Personal Communication.
Soloman Islands - S.I. Plantns (1993) Inventory of Soloman Islands Plantations Ltd. Unpublished report, Soloman Islands Plantations Ltd, Soloman Islands, p.1.
Togo - IRCC Togo (1991) Collection des clones de cacaoyers presents au Togo. Unpublished report, IRCC Togo, p.1.
CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Subali, S. (1992) MARDI's results on performance of imported primary cocoa clones. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Lim, C.H. (1992) Data from Kumpulan Guthrie Bhd. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Malaysia - Applied Agriculture (1992) Data from Applied Agriculture Research Unit (AARU). In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pp. 4.
Malaysia - BAL Plantations (1991) Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
KKO (1993) Information from the KKO cocoa germplasm database. Information supplied on computer diskette by C. Cilas, CIRAD-CP, France.
Trinidad - CRU (1998) Fat Analysis Data. Data supplied on computer diskette by F. Bekele, CRU, Trinidad.
Fiona Lahive (2017) Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.