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CCN 10 Group Name Theobroma cacao

Ecuador - Napo (1992)
Corrections to accession list for Estacion Experimental Napo- San Carlos. B.G.D. Bartley, E.E.T Pichilingue, Ecuador. Personal Communication.

Derivation: Cacao Castro Naranjal.
Collected by Castro.
Location: Ecuador.

Bartley, 1993a [BAR93A]. Leaf - white [Bartley, 1993a].

Notes: Bartley, 1993a [BAR93A]. May include some material collected from Oriente (CCN1,2,3,4?).

Bartley, 1999c [BAR99C] This group of clones is based on the cross (ICS 95 x IMC 67) x Oriente genotypes, possibly known as CCN1 or CCN 2. According to information given by Castro the Oriente material used in these selections derived from a collection made by himself in 1949 in a place called Canelos at the "Hacienda Ila", below the town or Puyo on the Rio Bobonaza in the eastern foothills of the Andes.

These clones were taken to the Miami quarantine facility in 1983 and from there were introduced into Brazil.

Bartley, 1997b [BAR97B] CCN 100, 101 and 103 are not part of Castro's selections. These clones are from Ecuador but were erroneously identified in Miami as additional CCNs. CCN 60 is also probably not related to the rest of the CCNs. It may be a FELDA selection.

SNP/SSR Populations

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RECOMMENDED PLANTING MATERIAL Disclaimer

Recommended Planting Material

Disclaimer
Recommendations for planting materials are made by the referenced authors for specific regions and growing conditions. They are provided here as a guide and historic record only. To confirm the most appropriate planting material for your needs and its availability, please contact your local cocoa authority.

Details on clones that are available for distribution and guidelines on the safe movement of cacao germplasm can be obtained from the International Cocoa Quarantine Centre, Reading

CEPLAC, Brazil, 2014: Recommended clone in:
Brazil (Bahia); Scale: Small-scale (trial plantings); Year: 2014 onwards (Current); Reference

Reference

CEPLAC, Brazil 2014
Indicação de Variedades Clonais de Cacaueiro. COMUNICADO CEPLAC/CEPEC NO 02/2014
Link Unavailable [http://www.ceplac.gov.br/restrito/lerNoticia.asp?id=2176]

Recommended material
Lopes, Uilson Vanderlei et al., 2011: Recommended clone in:
Brazil (Bahia); Year: 2003 onwards (Current); Reference

Reference

Lopes, Uilson Vanderlei, Wilson Reis Monteiro, José Luis Pires, Didier Clement, Milton Macoto Yamada & Karina Peres Gramacho 2011
Cacao Breeding in Bahia, Brazil - Strategies and Results. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 11: 73–81
DOI: 10.1590/S1984-70332011000500011

Recommended material

PEDIGREE DETAILS

Parents:: CCN 51 x CCN 1
- Homero Castro
Bartley, B.G.D., 1999

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1999
CCN 51. Background, History, Characteristics. Unpublished report for the ICGD. p13.
Notes

USA - Miami and Mayaguez Ecuador Datafile: CCN___DS ECU - Castro's CCN selections PROGENY_ Germplasm: Notes on the appearance and performance of one of the CCN selections in both Miami and Mayaguez. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on fruit, leaf and flower characteristics from Bartley's own notes of germplasm in Miami and Mayaguez.

Fruit Flush Leaf

GENOME/TRANSCRIPTOME DATA LINKS

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Cornejo, O.E. et al., 2018

Reference

BioProject: PRJNA486011 NCBI ENA FASTQ

Project: PRJEB28591 EVA (project) EVA (analysis)

Library Source: Genomic

Run: SRR7774350 NCBI ENA FASTQ

Experiment: SRX4629474

BioSample: SAMN09934416

SampleSource: Costa Rica, Tree_ID: 17446

Claudia Garcia et al., 2022

Reference

BioProject: PRJNA857502 NCBI ENA FASTQ

Library Source: Genomic

Run: SRR20075022 NCBI ENA FASTQ

Experiment: SRX16112997

BioSample: SAMN29628482

SampleName: TC61_CpG

SampleSource: Mars Center for Cocoa Science, Brazil

Notes: Abnormal Somatic Embryo

Cross: CCN 10 x CCN 51

Run: SRR20075024 NCBI ENA FASTQ

Experiment: SRX16112995

BioSample: SAMN29628478

SampleName: TC41_CpG

SampleSource: Mars Center for Cocoa Science, Brazil

Notes: Zygotic Embryo

HELD IN

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Brazil, Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira/Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPLAC/CEPEC): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CEPEC 2012
Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.; • Accession: 595; - Local Name: CCN 10
Brazil, Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da CEPLAC, Rondônia: List received in 2015 Reference

Reference

Almeida, Caio Márcio Vasconcellos Cordeiro de, Francisco Antônio Neto, Acácio de Paula, Silva, José Raymundo Pires Medeiros & Antonio de Almeida Lima 2015
RECURSOS GENÉTICOS DE CACAUEIRO EM RONDÔNIA: RETROSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA, ORIGEM E INVENTÁRIO [Genetic Resources of Cacao in Rondônia: Historical Overview, Origin and Inventory]. Agrotrópica (Itabuna) 27 (2): 93–124; • Accession: CCN 10 Quadra 5; - Local Name: CCN 10; • Accession: CCN 10 Viveiro 1; - Local Name: CCN 10; • Accession: CCN 10 Viveiro 2; - Local Name: CCN 10
Brazil, Mars Center for Cocoa Science: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Mars Center for Cocoa Science 2012
Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: CCN-10
Costa Rica, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE): List received in 2018 Reference

Reference

Allan Mata 2018
Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Notes

Excel file received by email.; • Accession: 19426; - Local Name: CCN-10; - Year of Accession: 1989
Malaysia, Agricultural Research Centre (ARC): List received in 1990 Reference

Reference

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran 1990
List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.; • Local Name: CCN 10

DISEASE

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Ceratocystis: Susceptible (Branch).; Note: Based on mycelium growth and the production of perithecia.. Classed as Very Susceptible; Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva, 2003

Reference

Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva 2003
Ensaios Para Avaliação do Cacaueiro à Murcha-de-Ceratocystis na Bahia, Brasil. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Notes

Title: 'Essays for the Assesment of Ceratocystis-Wilt in Bahia, Brazil'

Disease
Vascular Streak Dieback: 62.78 % Infection; Note: 18 plants sampled..; Subali, S., 1992

Reference

Subali, S. 1992
MARDI's results on performance of imported primary cocoa clones. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - MARDI Datafile: MARDI_DS MYS - MARDI Germplasm: Agronomic and morphological characteristics of some of the clones held by MARDI. Environment: No details.

Disease
Witches Broom: Resistant (Field Reaction).; Monteiro, W.R. & Silva, S.D.V.M., 1998

Reference

Monteiro, W.R. & Silva, S.D.V.M. 1998
Individual Institute Reports - Brazil, CEPEC. Report on the IPGRI project: Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation, A Global Approach. Appendix to General Progress Report of Year 1.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom Descriptors: General observations and main traits of genotypes Environment: No details Germplasm: Clones included in the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation project.

Disease; Tolerant; Pires, J.L. et al., 1996

Reference

Pires, J.L., Monteiro, W.R., Pinto, L.R.M. & Luz, E.D.M.N. 1996
Resistance to Witches Broom - Evaluation of genotypes from different origins. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brasil 1996 Cocoa Producers' Alliance (in press).
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafiles: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom PROGENY_ Experimental Conditions: Numbers of vegetative and cushion brooms, and healthy and WB attacked pods were recorded from each plant of the CEPEC collection between may 1995 and June 1996. (Only the accessions planted before 1990 were included in the study - 544 cloned and 21 seminal accessions). Each genotype was represented by a single row of 10 plants. To assess differences between genotypes, a mean of each genotype in the series was used as a series replication. All series with four or more representatives were considered. The analyses were based on the individual values of every single plant of each clone in a row of ten. A second collection (of approx. 250 accessions in common) were equally evaluated. Brooms were removed in December 1994, August 1995, March 1996 and a correlation analysis was carried out. Disease - Crinipellis perniciosa (Marasmius perniciosa) (local names: Witches' Broom Disease, Escoba de bruja, Balai de sorciere, Vassoura de bruxa).

Disease

YIELD

Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991: Seed Index: 69.4 (dried beans per 100g); Pod Index: 18.6 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991
Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

Yield Bean Butterfat Flower
Lam, K.S., 1992: Seed Index: 74.9 (dried beans per 100g); Pod Index: 18.9 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Lam, K.S. 1992
Performance of imported clones in Sime Darby Plantations. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - Sime Darby Plantations, Selangor Agronomic characteristics - Sime Darby Plantations, Disease - Oncobasidium theobromae (local names: Vascular Streak Dieback) Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD SIMDARDS MYS - Sime Darby Plantations Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 129 of the clones held at the Plantations' Devon and Merlimau Estates. Environment: No details. Experimental Conditions - Sime Darby: Trial BK/GP/1 and BK/GP/2 Location: Devon Estate Date planted: April 1986 Pod count: Feb 1988 to Jan 1991 Pod analysis: Nov 1988 to Jan 1991 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 3 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design Trial BK/GP/3 Location: Merlimau Estate Date planted: March 1988 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 2 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design

Disease Yield Bean

BEAN

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Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991: Number: 37.1; Total Dry Weight: 53.8 g; Dry Weight: 1.44 g; Reference

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991
Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

Yield Bean Butterfat Flower
Castro, H., 1986: Colour: light purple; Shape: elongate; Number: 45.0; Total Wet Weight: 268.0 g; Total Dry Weight: 93.8 g; Wet Weight: 5.80 g; Dry Weight: 2.10 g; Reference

Reference

Castro, H. 1986
Records sheets of traits and performance of selections. Data supplied to B.G.D. Bartley. Listed in Bartley, 1999c, [BAR99C] report to the ICGD on CCN 51.
Notes

Ecuador Datafile: CCN___DS ECU - Castro's CCN selections. Germplasm: Notes on the appearance and performance of four of the CCN selections. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on fruit, leaf and flower characteristics, incidence of disease (Moniliophthora rorei, Crinipellis perniciosa) is given from data supplied to B.G.D. Bartley from Castro.

Disease Bean Fruit
Lam, K.S., 1992: Number: 39.6; Dry Weight: 1.33 g; Reference

Reference

Lam, K.S. 1992
Performance of imported clones in Sime Darby Plantations. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - Sime Darby Plantations, Selangor Agronomic characteristics - Sime Darby Plantations, Disease - Oncobasidium theobromae (local names: Vascular Streak Dieback) Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD SIMDARDS MYS - Sime Darby Plantations Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 129 of the clones held at the Plantations' Devon and Merlimau Estates. Environment: No details. Experimental Conditions - Sime Darby: Trial BK/GP/1 and BK/GP/2 Location: Devon Estate Date planted: April 1986 Pod count: Feb 1988 to Jan 1991 Pod analysis: Nov 1988 to Jan 1991 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 3 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design Trial BK/GP/3 Location: Merlimau Estate Date planted: March 1988 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 2 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design

Disease Yield Bean

BUTTERFAT

Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991: Butterfat Content: 52.10 %; Maximum Butterfat Content: 52.05 %; Minimum Butterfat Content: 52.05 %; Note: 1 plant sampled; Reference

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991
Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

Yield Bean Butterfat Flower

FRUIT

Castro, H., 1986: Shape: angoleta; Rugosity: moderate; Husk Thickness: 13.0 mm; Length: 205.0 mm; Breadth: 83.0 mm; Colour: red; Weight: 760.0 g; Length Breadth Ratio: 2.47; Reference

Reference

Castro, H. 1986
Records sheets of traits and performance of selections. Data supplied to B.G.D. Bartley. Listed in Bartley, 1999c, [BAR99C] report to the ICGD on CCN 51.
Notes

Ecuador Datafile: CCN___DS ECU - Castro's CCN selections. Germplasm: Notes on the appearance and performance of four of the CCN selections. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on fruit, leaf and flower characteristics, incidence of disease (Moniliophthora rorei, Crinipellis perniciosa) is given from data supplied to B.G.D. Bartley from Castro.

Disease Bean Fruit

FLOWER

Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991: Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Reference

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991
Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

Yield Bean Butterfat Flower

REFERENCES

Ecuador - Napo (1992) Corrections to accession list for Estacion Experimental Napo- San Carlos. B.G.D. Bartley, E.E.T Pichilingue, Ecuador. Personal Communication.

CEPLAC, Brazil (2014) Indicação de Variedades Clonais de Cacaueiro. COMUNICADO CEPLAC/CEPEC NO 02/2014

Lopes, Uilson Vanderlei, Wilson Reis Monteiro, José Luis Pires, Didier Clement, Milton Macoto Yamada & Karina Peres Gramacho (2011) Cacao Breeding in Bahia, Brazil - Strategies and Results. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 11: 73–81

Bartley, B.G.D. (1999) CCN 51. Background, History, Characteristics. Unpublished report for the ICGD. p13.

Cornejo, O.E., Muh-Ching Yee, Victor Dominguez, Mary Andrews, Alexandra Sockell, Erika Strandberg, Donald Livingstone III, Conrad Stack, Alberto Romero, Pathmanathan Umaharan, Stefan Royaert, Nilesh R. Tawari, Pauline Ng, Osman Gutierrez, Wilbert Phillips, Keithanne Mockaitis, Carlos D. Bustamante & Juan C. Motamayor (2018) Population genomic analyses of the chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao L., provide insights into its domestication process. Commun Biol 1, 167

Claudia Garcia, Alex-Alan Furtado de Almeida, Marcio Costa, Dahyana Britto, Fabio Correa, Pedro Mangabeira, Lidiane Silva, Jose Silva, Stefan Royaert & Jean-Philippe Marelli (2022) Single-base resolution methylomes of somatic embryogenesis in Theobroma cacao L. reveal epigenome modifications associated with somatic embryo abnormalities. Scientific Reports 12:15097

CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.

Almeida, Caio Márcio Vasconcellos Cordeiro de, Francisco Antônio Neto, Acácio de Paula, Silva, José Raymundo Pires Medeiros & Antonio de Almeida Lima (2015) RECURSOS GENÉTICOS DE CACAUEIRO EM RONDÔNIA: RETROSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA, ORIGEM E INVENTÁRIO [Genetic Resources of Cacao in Rondônia: Historical Overview, Origin and Inventory]. Agrotrópica (Itabuna) 27 (2): 93–124

Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.

Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1990) List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.

Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva (2003) Ensaios Para Avaliação do Cacaueiro à Murcha-de-Ceratocystis na Bahia, Brasil. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.

Subali, S. (1992) MARDI's results on performance of imported primary cocoa clones. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Monteiro, W.R. & Silva, S.D.V.M. (1998) Individual Institute Reports - Brazil, CEPEC. Report on the IPGRI project: Cocoa Germplasm Utilisation and Conservation, A Global Approach. Appendix to General Progress Report of Year 1.

Pires, J.L., Monteiro, W.R., Pinto, L.R.M. & Luz, E.D.M.N. (1996) Resistance to Witches Broom - Evaluation of genotypes from different origins. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brasil 1996 Cocoa Producers' Alliance (in press).

Malaysia - BAL Plantations (1991) Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.

Lam, K.S. (1992) Performance of imported clones in Sime Darby Plantations. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Castro, H. (1986) Records sheets of traits and performance of selections. Data supplied to B.G.D. Bartley. Listed in Bartley, 1999c, [BAR99C] report to the ICGD on CCN 51.