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UF 221 Group Name Theobroma cacao

Bartley, B.G.D. (1995)
Notes on the meaning and origins of clone names. B.G.D Bartley. Personal Communications.

Derivation: United Fruit selections.
Collected by UF company.
Location: Limon, Almirante, Costa Rica.

Notes: Selections from the Atlantic coast made in the 1930's.

Bartley, 1998a [BAR98A] The UF series were selected from MATINA material and from material from Ecuador (pers. comm. Soria).

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Synonyms: G VI 192, UFC 221, UFCO 221, K 192 [IND]

NOTES

Bartley, 1995a [BAR95A]. Clone at BAL Plantations SDN BHD, Malaysia with this label is not UF 221 and could be a P [MEX] or RIM [MEX] clone.

RECOMMENDED PLANTING MATERIAL Disclaimer

Recommended Planting Material

Disclaimer
Recommendations for planting materials are made by the referenced authors for specific regions and growing conditions. They are provided here as a guide and historic record only. To confirm the most appropriate planting material for your needs and its availability, please contact your local cocoa authority.

Details on clones that are available for distribution and guidelines on the safe movement of cacao germplasm can be obtained from the International Cocoa Quarantine Centre, Reading

Batista, Lepido J., 2009: Recommended clone in:
Dominican Republic; Recommended by: Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales (IDIAF), Dominican Republic; Reference

Reference

Batista, Lepido J. 2009
Guía Técnica el Cultivo de Cacao en la República Dominicana. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana. Centro para el Desarrollo Agropecuario y Forestal (CEDAF)
PDF: www.cedaf.org.do/...

Recommended material
Batista, Lepido J., 2009: Recommended seed parent in:
Dominican Republic; Bi-parental cross: UF 221 x ML 106; Recommended by: Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales (IDIAF), Dominican Republic; Reference

Reference

Batista, Lepido J. 2009
Guía Técnica el Cultivo de Cacao en la República Dominicana. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana. Centro para el Desarrollo Agropecuario y Forestal (CEDAF)
PDF: www.cedaf.org.do/...

Recommended material
Batista, Lepido J., 2009: Recommended seed parent in:
Dominican Republic; Bi-parental cross: UF 221 x ML 105; Recommended by: Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales (IDIAF), Dominican Republic; Reference

Reference

Batista, Lepido J. 2009
Guía Técnica el Cultivo de Cacao en la República Dominicana. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana. Centro para el Desarrollo Agropecuario y Forestal (CEDAF)
PDF: www.cedaf.org.do/...

Recommended material

PEDIGREE DETAILS

Mother to:: CC 106 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower; CC 107 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Father to:: AX 264 Trinidad - ICTA, No Date

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA No Date
List of AX Crosses. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp 18.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_

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Brazil, Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira/Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPLAC/CEPEC): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CEPEC 2012
Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.; • Accession: 292; - Local Name: UF 221; - Year of Accession: 1978
Brazil, Mars Center for Cocoa Science: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Mars Center for Cocoa Science 2012
Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: UF-221
Colombia, Instituto Colombiano Agropecuaria (ICA): List received in 1990 Reference

Reference

Colombia - ICA Palmira 1990
List of clones held at ICA Palmira. F. Ocampo Rojas, ICA, Colombia.; • Local Name: UF 221
Costa Rica, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE): List received in 2018 Reference

Reference

Allan Mata 2018
Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Notes

Excel file received by email.; • Accession: 10545; - Local Name: UF-221; - Year of Accession: 1952
Cote d'Ivoire, Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA): List received in 1989 Reference

Reference

Cote d'Ivoire - IRCC 1989
Liste des clones en collection. Unpublished Report, IRCC Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire, Doc. No. 192. D. Clement, IRCC, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.
Notes

List of clones grouped as West African Amelonados, Lower Amazons, Venezuelan collections, French Guiana collections, Ecuadorian collections, local Trinitarios, other Trinitarios, upper Amazons and Criollos. Notes on origin, date and place of origin and nature of the material (cuttings, budwood, seed).; • Local Name: UF 221; - Year of Accession: 1957
Dominican Republic, Comision del Cacao: List received in 1987 Reference

Reference

Dominican Republic - CDC 1987
Informe de los trabajos de indentificacion clonal realizados por el Dr. B.G.Bartley durante su visita a la Estacion "Mata Larga". Unpublished of the Comision del Cacau, Dominican Republic. pp 14; • Local Name: UF 221; - Year of Accession: 1974
Dominican Republic, Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales (IDIAF): List received in 2011 Reference

Reference

IDIAF 2011
Cocoa accessions held in the Dominican Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Research (IDIAF). M. Ventura, personal communication, September 2011.; • Local Name: UF-221
French Guiana, CIRAD (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Researche Agronomique pour le Développment): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Philippe Lachenaud 2012
F. Guiana database, CIRAD-CP. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.; • Local Name: UF 221; - Year of Accession: 1990
Grenada, Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Forestry and Fisheries: List received in 1994 Reference

Reference

Grenada - MALF 1994
Notes on the cocoa germplasm in Grenada. C.A. Williams, Grenada Cocoa Association, Grenada. Personal Communication.; • Local Name: UF 221; - Year of Accession: 1949
Guatemala, Estacion Exeparimental Los Brillantes: List received in 1994 Reference

Reference

Guatemala - Los Brilliantes 1994
Lista de clones existentes en la Estacion de Investigacion y Produccion Agricola "Los Brillantes" a Agosto 1994. M.T. Reyes Barrios, EIAP Guatemala. Personal Communication.; • Local Name: UF 221; - Year of Accession: 1956
Honduras, Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola (FHIA): List received in 1994 Reference

Reference

Honduras - CEDEC 1994
List of accessions in CEDEC, La Masica, Honduras. J.A. Sanchez, FHIA, Honduras. Personal Communication.; • Local Name: UF 221
India, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI): List received in 2008 Reference

Reference

CPCRI 2008
Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.; • Accession: VTLC 130; - Local Name: GVI-192; • Accession: VTLC 138; - Local Name: UF 221; • Accession: VTLC 99; - Local Name: K-192
India, Kerala Agricultural University: List received in 1997 Reference

Reference

India - Kerala 1997
List of survivng clones from all the introductions. R.V. Nair, Kerala Agricultural University, India. Personal Communication.; • Accession: 192; - Local Name: UF 221; - Year of Accession: 1990
Indonesia, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI): List received in 2008 Reference

Reference

Susilo, A. 2008
The list of germplasm collected by ICCRI. Personal communication from Agung Susilo, July 2008.; • Accession: IDN-13-TCAC-00556; - Local Name: UF221
Malaysia, Agricultural Research Centre (ARC): List received in 1990 Reference

Reference

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran 1990
List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.; • Local Name: UF 221
Malaysia, Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB): List received in 1998 Reference

Reference

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran 1998
List of Imported Clones of the Malaysian Cocoa Board, January 1998. K. Lamin, MCB, Malaysia, Personal Communication.; • Local Name: UF 221; - Year of Accession: 1992
Mexico, Campo Experimental Rosario Izapa, INIFAP: List received in 1992 Reference

Reference

Lopez-Baez, O., Mulato-Brito, J. & Lopez-Arroyo, J. 1992
Recursos geneticos del cacao, Theobroma cacao L. disponibles en Mexico. Agricultura Tecnico Mexicana 18(1-2): pp. 25-38.; • Local Name: UF 221; - Year of Accession: 1984
Papua New Guinea, Cocoa and Coconut Institute (CCI): List received in 1998 Reference

Reference

PNG - Cocoa & Coconut Research 1998
Current list of cocoa accessions at the PNG CCRI. Mr. Mathias Faure, Personal Communication.; • Local Name: UF 221; - Year of Accession: 1997
Peru, Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva (UNAS): List received in 2009 Reference

Reference

Luis F. García Carrión 2009
Catalogo de Cultivares de Cacao del Peru.; • Local Name: UF - 221
Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands Plantations Ltd.: List received in 1993 Reference

Reference

Soloman Islands - S.I. Plantns 1993
Inventory of Soloman Islands Plantations Ltd. Unpublished report, Soloman Islands Plantations Ltd, Soloman Islands, p.1.; • Local Name: UF 221
United States of America, USDA-TARS: List received in 2016 Reference

Reference

USDA, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. 2016
List of cocoa accessions held at Mayaguez in April 2016. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Notes

Original link: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/view2.aspx?dv=web_site_taxon_accessionlist¶ms=:taxonomyid=101885;:siteid=7 (not working)

npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/...; • Accession: PI 668444 GRIN-Global; - Local Name: UF 221; - Year of Accession: 1961
Vanuatu, Valeteruru Station: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Philippe Bastide. 2012
Les clones suivis au Vanuatu (unpublished list of accessions). Personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: UF 221; - Year of Accession: 1991
Venezuela, MAC Caucagua: List received in 1972 Reference

Reference

Perez, A.Z., Reyes, H.E. & Reyes, L.C. 1972
Programa de mejoramiento genetico de cacao en Venezuela. MAC, Caucagua, Venezuela, pp. 131.; • Local Name: UF 221

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Ceratocystis: Tolerant; Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J., 1977

Reference

Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J. 1977
Mejoramiento genético para resistencia a cinco enfermedades del cacao. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Cocoa Research Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, 1977. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 45-56.
Notes

Various data sources Review of disease data complied at Costa Rica - CATIE from sources including: Costa Rica - CATIE, Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies, Ghana - WACRI, Ecuador - Pichilingue. Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot DIS___DS - Disease reaction to stress and disease DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_SSDS - Disease reaction to CSSV DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis Descriptors: Information on the type of disease/stress and the reaction of the clone.

Disease
Frosty Pod Rot: Susceptible; Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower; Susceptible, 95.00 % Infection; Note: External Severety = 2.9 and Internal Severety = 4.4; Phillips, W., 1997

Reference

Phillips, W. 1997
Results of the artificial inoculation of Moniliophthora rorei using the Aspersion method. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot Descriptors: Resistance based on severity of infection of Moniliophthora roreri using the aspersion method Environment: CATIE, Costa Rica Germplasm: Clones held at the CATIE germplasm collection Experimental conditions: External severity of infection: scale of six values, assessed 9 weeks after inoculation (0 = healthy pod, 5 = necrosis and sporulation). Internal severity of infection: scale of six values, assessed 9 weeks after inoculation (0 = 0% of internal tissues affected, 5 = more than 80%). This parameter was used to classify the cultivars. Incidence of infection: sick pods in relation to inoculated pods.

Disease; Susceptible, 95.00 % Infection; Note: External Severety = 2.9 and Internal Severety = 4.4; Phillips, W., 1996

Reference

Phillips, W. 1996
Cocoa cultivar reaction when innoculated with Moniliophthora roreri. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot Descriptors: Resistance based on severity of infection of Moniliophthora roreri using the aspersion method Environment: CATIE, Costa Rica Germplasm: Clones held at the CATIE germplasm collection Experimental conditions: External severity of infection: scale of six values, assessed 9 weeks after inoculation (0 = healthy pod, 5 = necrosis and sporulation). Internal severity of infection: scale of six values, assessed 9 weeks after inoculation (0 = 0% of internal tissues affected, 5 = more than 80%). This parameter was used to classify the cultivars. Incidence of infection: sick pods in relation to inoculated pods.

Disease
Phytophthora: Resistant; Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower; Susceptible; Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower; Moderately Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded; Morera, J., 1993

Reference

Morera, J. 1993
Reaction of clones to Phytophthora palmivora. J. Morera, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal Communication.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance to Phytophthora Environment: Costa Rica, CATIE. No further details Germplasm: 305 clones of various origins

Disease; Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Sreenivasan, T.N., 1993

Reference

Sreenivasan, T.N. 1993
Screening for resistance to Black Pod. T.N. Sreenivasan, CRU, Trinidad. Personal Communication.
Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance of pods to infection from Phytophthora palmivora Environment: Trinidad, ICG,T. No further details. Germplasm: 54 clones of which 40 are ICS clones. The remainder include SCA, CATONGO and TSH.

Disease; Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Sreenivasan, T.N., 1980

Reference

Sreenivasan, T.N. 1980
Screening for resistance to Black Pod. Cocoa Research Unit Annual Report on Cocoa Research 1975-1980. University of the West Indies, Trinidad. p.16.
Notes

Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance of pods to P. palmivora infection after inoculation. Environment: Inoculation of P. palmivora (MF1) on attached pods. Germplasm: Fifty-six cocoa cultivars, the majority of which were ICS clones, with the inclusion of SCA 6, SCA 12, TSH 1188, TSH 1260, CATONGO, RB 1 [BRA], REDAMEL 1/22 and IMC 67.

Disease; Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Phillips, W., 1997

Reference

Phillips, W. 1997
Results of the artificial inoculation of Phytophthora palmivora using the Paper Disc method. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance to Phytophthora palmivora and P. megakarya Environment: Artificial inoculation using the paper disk method. Resisance based on diameter of the lesion ten days after inoculation with 0.0015 zoopsores/ml. Resistant = 0-3 cm; moderately resistant = 3.1 - 6 cm; moderately susceptible = 6.1 - 9 cm; susceptible = > 9.1 cm lesion diameter. Germplasm: 188 Clones selected from the collection at CATIE, Costa Rica Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda).

Disease; Susceptible, 68.00 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Note: Unripe and not wounded; Lopez-Baez, O. et al., 1996

Reference

Lopez-Baez, O., Fraire, V.G. & Cueto, M.J. 1996
Mejoramiento genetico para la resistencia a Phytophthora en Mexico. Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Contribution of Disease Resistance to Cocoa Variety Improvement, INGENIC, Salvador, 24th-26th September, 1996. pp.51-55.
Notes

Mexico - INIFAP, Rosario Izapa Disease - Phytophthora palmivora. Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS Immature fruit of 58 clones, four months old were innoculated with spores of Phytophthora palmivora isolated from a cocoa plantation. Innoculation was carried out with a drop on the surface on opposite sides of the pod, at a point near the widest circumference; each drop of the suspension was a concentration of approximately 24000 zoospores/ml. Innoculated fruit were covered in a plastic box which contained 10ml of distilled water in the bottom to maintain an atmosphere of high relative humidity. Evaluation of the results took place six days after innoculation. The size of the mark was taken as an average diameter from the point of infection.

Disease; Susceptible, 100.00 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded; Lawrence, J.S., 1978

Reference

Lawrence, J.S. 1978
Screening of cacao cultivars for resistance to Phytophthora palmivora in the collection at CATIE, Costa Rica. Revista Theobroma 8: pp. 125-131.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora ABSTRACT Screening of the CATIE collection for resistance to Phytophthora palmivora was initiated, using point-inoculation with zoospore suspension of unwounded attached pods to evaluate cultivar response. Of the 51 cultivars tested, 9 showed a promising degree of resistance; EET 59, EET 376, POUND 7, UF 713, UF 715, SCAVINA 6, SCAVINA 12, CATONGO, DIAMANTES 800. METHOD The inoculation method used was point inoculation with standard zoospore suspension of attached pods without wounding as described by Lawrence, 1978b [LAW78B]. Pods of known age, one month before maturity were used and whenever possible only one or two pods were selected from each tree. Ten replicate pods per cultivar were inoculated and when sufficient pods were available each cultivar was tested on at least two different occasions. Both percentage successful infection and average lesion diameters were recorded, the latter when lesion sizes on pods of UF 677, a standard, highly susceptible cultivar included in all tests, attained an average diameter of 6 cm. When cultivars were tested twice or more, percentage infection and average lesion diameters were calculated from the sum of all inoculated pods. The same single-sporangium P. palmivora isolate (morphological form 1, compatibility type A2), selected on the basis of pathogenicity on pods, was used in all tests. To maintain infective potential, the isolate was passed through pod tissue every 1-2 months. Zoospore suspensions at a concentration of 2 x 10 to the power of 5 spores/ml were prepared as described in Lawrence, 1978b [LAW78B]. All tests were carried out between April and December, a period which encompassed peaks in P. palmivora incidence and which coincided with the times of higher pod production and greatest rainfall. Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda.

Disease
Vascular Streak Dieback: 24.00 % Infection (Field Reaction).; Note: 19.0% of trees with <30% infected branches, 5.0% of trees with 30 to 70% infected branches, 0.0% of trees with >70% infected branches.. Sime Darby Plantations, Devon Estate.; Lam, K.S., 1992

Reference

Lam, K.S. 1992
Performance of imported clones in Sime Darby Plantations. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - Sime Darby Plantations, Selangor Agronomic characteristics - Sime Darby Plantations, Disease - Oncobasidium theobromae (local names: Vascular Streak Dieback) Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD SIMDARDS MYS - Sime Darby Plantations Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 129 of the clones held at the Plantations' Devon and Merlimau Estates. Environment: No details. Experimental Conditions - Sime Darby: Trial BK/GP/1 and BK/GP/2 Location: Devon Estate Date planted: April 1986 Pod count: Feb 1988 to Jan 1991 Pod analysis: Nov 1988 to Jan 1991 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 3 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design Trial BK/GP/3 Location: Merlimau Estate Date planted: March 1988 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 2 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design

Disease Yield Bean; 55.83 % Infection; Note: 24 plants sampled..; Subali, S., 1992

Reference

Subali, S. 1992
MARDI's results on performance of imported primary cocoa clones. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - MARDI Datafile: MARDI_DS MYS - MARDI Germplasm: Agronomic and morphological characteristics of some of the clones held by MARDI. Environment: No details.

Disease; 80.10 % Infection (Field Reaction).; Note: 56.0% of trees with <30% infected branches, 9.2% of trees with 30 to 70% infected branches, 14.9% of trees with >70% infected branches.. Sime Darby Plantations, Devon Estate.; Lam, K.S., 1992

Reference

Lam, K.S. 1992
Performance of imported clones in Sime Darby Plantations. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - Sime Darby Plantations, Selangor Agronomic characteristics - Sime Darby Plantations, Disease - Oncobasidium theobromae (local names: Vascular Streak Dieback) Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD SIMDARDS MYS - Sime Darby Plantations Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 129 of the clones held at the Plantations' Devon and Merlimau Estates. Environment: No details. Experimental Conditions - Sime Darby: Trial BK/GP/1 and BK/GP/2 Location: Devon Estate Date planted: April 1986 Pod count: Feb 1988 to Jan 1991 Pod analysis: Nov 1988 to Jan 1991 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 3 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design Trial BK/GP/3 Location: Merlimau Estate Date planted: March 1988 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 2 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design

Disease Yield Bean

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Malaysia - Applied Agriculture, 1992: Seed Index: 82.6 (dried beans per 100g); Pod Index: 23.2 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture 1992
Data from Applied Agriculture Research Unit (AARU). In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pp. 4.
Notes

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture Research Datafile: AARU__DS MYS - Applied Agriculture Germplasm: Agronomic characteristics of 120 of the clones held at Applied Agriculture Research. The clones were field budded on 1982 seedlings planting between 1984 and 1987. Environment: No details given.

Yield Bean
Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991: Seed Index: 77.5 (dried beans per 100g); Pod Index: 22.9 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991
Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

Yield Bean Butterfat Flower
Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991: Seed Index: 67.5 (dried beans per 100g); Pod Index: 17.6 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991
Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

Yield Bean Butterfat Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Pod Index: 17.0 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Seed Index: 68.4 (dried beans per 100g); Productivity: high; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Lam, K.S., 1992: Seed Index: 81.6 (dried beans per 100g); Pod Index: 24.7 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Lam, K.S. 1992
Performance of imported clones in Sime Darby Plantations. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - Sime Darby Plantations, Selangor Agronomic characteristics - Sime Darby Plantations, Disease - Oncobasidium theobromae (local names: Vascular Streak Dieback) Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD SIMDARDS MYS - Sime Darby Plantations Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 129 of the clones held at the Plantations' Devon and Merlimau Estates. Environment: No details. Experimental Conditions - Sime Darby: Trial BK/GP/1 and BK/GP/2 Location: Devon Estate Date planted: April 1986 Pod count: Feb 1988 to Jan 1991 Pod analysis: Nov 1988 to Jan 1991 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 3 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design Trial BK/GP/3 Location: Merlimau Estate Date planted: March 1988 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 2 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design

Disease Yield Bean
Lam, K.S., 1992: Seed Index: 84.5 (dried beans per 100g); Pod Index: 31.8 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Lam, K.S. 1992
Performance of imported clones in Sime Darby Plantations. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - Sime Darby Plantations, Selangor Agronomic characteristics - Sime Darby Plantations, Disease - Oncobasidium theobromae (local names: Vascular Streak Dieback) Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD SIMDARDS MYS - Sime Darby Plantations Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 129 of the clones held at the Plantations' Devon and Merlimau Estates. Environment: No details. Experimental Conditions - Sime Darby: Trial BK/GP/1 and BK/GP/2 Location: Devon Estate Date planted: April 1986 Pod count: Feb 1988 to Jan 1991 Pod analysis: Nov 1988 to Jan 1991 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 3 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design Trial BK/GP/3 Location: Merlimau Estate Date planted: March 1988 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 2 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design

Disease Yield Bean
Lamin, K., 1992: Seed Index: 65.3 (dried beans per 100g); Pod Index: 17.9 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Lamin, K. 1992
Data from Malaysian Cocoa Board. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - Malaysian Cocoa Borad Datafile: MCB___DS MYS - MCB Germplasm: Agronomic and morphological characteristics of some of the clones held by the Malaysian Cocoa Board. Environment: No details.

Disease Yield

Show Details Hide Details

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture, 1992: Number: 35.5; Dry Weight: 1.21 g; Reference

Reference

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture 1992
Data from Applied Agriculture Research Unit (AARU). In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pp. 4.
Notes

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture Research Datafile: AARU__DS MYS - Applied Agriculture Germplasm: Agronomic characteristics of 120 of the clones held at Applied Agriculture Research. The clones were field budded on 1982 seedlings planting between 1984 and 1987. Environment: No details given.

Yield Bean
Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991: Number: 33.9; Total Dry Weight: 43.7 g; Dry Weight: 1.29 g; Note: 53 plants sampled; Reference

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991
Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

Yield Bean Butterfat Flower
Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991: Number: 38.3; Total Dry Weight: 56.9 g; Dry Weight: 1.48 g; Note: 34 plants sampled; Reference

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991
Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

Yield Bean Butterfat Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: dark purple; Shape: elliptical; Number: 40.0; Total Wet Weight: 81.9 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.47 g; Cotyledon Length: 25.0 mm; Cotyledon Width: 14.6 mm; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Colour Dark Purple: Absent; Colour Light Purple: Present; Colour Grey: Absent; Colour White: Absent; Colour Mottled: Absent; Number: 36.3; Maximum Number: 43; Cotyledon Wet Weight: 2.43 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.46 g; Cotyledon Length: 26.1 mm; Cotyledon Width: 15.4 mm; Cotyledon Thickness: 9.0 mm; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967: Colour Purple: 85 %; Colour Light Purple: 15 %; Shape: flat; Length: 28.0 mm; Width: 15.6 mm; Thickness: 10.3 mm; Cotyledon Wet Weight: 2.85 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.78 g; Reference

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Lam, K.S., 1992: Number: 37.6; Dry Weight: 1.22 g; Reference

Reference

Lam, K.S. 1992
Performance of imported clones in Sime Darby Plantations. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - Sime Darby Plantations, Selangor Agronomic characteristics - Sime Darby Plantations, Disease - Oncobasidium theobromae (local names: Vascular Streak Dieback) Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD SIMDARDS MYS - Sime Darby Plantations Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 129 of the clones held at the Plantations' Devon and Merlimau Estates. Environment: No details. Experimental Conditions - Sime Darby: Trial BK/GP/1 and BK/GP/2 Location: Devon Estate Date planted: April 1986 Pod count: Feb 1988 to Jan 1991 Pod analysis: Nov 1988 to Jan 1991 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 3 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design Trial BK/GP/3 Location: Merlimau Estate Date planted: March 1988 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 2 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design

Disease Yield Bean
Lam, K.S., 1992: Number: 35.3; Dry Weight: 1.18 g; Reference

Reference

Lam, K.S. 1992
Performance of imported clones in Sime Darby Plantations. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Notes

Malaysia - Sime Darby Plantations, Selangor Agronomic characteristics - Sime Darby Plantations, Disease - Oncobasidium theobromae (local names: Vascular Streak Dieback) Datafile: DIS_VSDS - Disease reaction to VSD SIMDARDS MYS - Sime Darby Plantations Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 129 of the clones held at the Plantations' Devon and Merlimau Estates. Environment: No details. Experimental Conditions - Sime Darby: Trial BK/GP/1 and BK/GP/2 Location: Devon Estate Date planted: April 1986 Pod count: Feb 1988 to Jan 1991 Pod analysis: Nov 1988 to Jan 1991 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 3 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design Trial BK/GP/3 Location: Merlimau Estate Date planted: March 1988 Planting distance: 9' x 10' No. of replicates: 2 No. of trees/plot: 16 Expt. Design: Randomised Complete Block Design

Disease Yield Bean
Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990: Colour Dark Purple: 85 %; Colour Light Purple: 15 %; Cotyledon Wet Weight: 2.85 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.80 g; Cotyledon Length: 28.0 mm; Cotyledon Width: 15.6 mm; Cotyledon Thickness: 10.3 mm; Reference

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower

Show Details Hide Details

Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991: Butterfat Content: 57.40 %; Note: 7 plants sampled; Reference

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991
Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

Yield Bean Butterfat Flower
Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991: Butterfat Content: 55.10 %; Maximum Butterfat Content: 57.21 %; Minimum Butterfat Content: 53.88 %; Note: 9 plants sampled; Reference

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991
Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

Yield Bean Butterfat Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Testa: 3.70 %; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

Show Details Hide Details

Bartley, B.G.D., 1970: Size: medium; Reference

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1970
A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: ICGT2_DS TTO - UWI Cacao Collection Germplasm: Passport descriptors for approximately 1000 accessions of mainly South American and Trinidadian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Six descriptors for fruit, seed and compatability characteristics. Character Data: Combinations used FXC = forastero x criollo, TX = trinitario cross

Bean Fruit Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Shape: elliptical; Basal Constriction: slight; Apex Form: acute; Rugosity: slight; Length: 172.0 mm; Breadth: 83.0 mm; Colour: slight anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Brazil - CEPEC, 1987: Rugosity: intense; Reference

Reference

Brazil - CEPEC 1987
List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: CEPEC_DS BRA - CEPEC 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: 564 accessions mainly of Brazilian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on compatability pod characteristics and type of cocoa is given.

Bean Fruit Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Basal Constriction: very slight; Apex Form: slightly acute - acute; Rugosity: slight; Husk Thickness: 9.15 mm (11.3 - 7); Length: 178.0 mm; Breadth: 85.0 mm; Colour: moderate anthocyanin; Weight: 505.0 g; Pods Per Tree: 7; Hardness: soft; Length Breadth Ratio: 2.09; Note: ratio of distances between ridges within a pair and between ridges of two different pairs = 0.82; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967: Shape: angoleta; Husk Thickness: 13.4 mm; Length: 187.0 mm; Breadth: 89.0 mm; Colour: red / yellow (ridge/furrow); Hardness: soft; Length Breadth Ratio: 2.12; Reference

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990: Shape: angoleta; Rugosity: intense; Husk Thickness: 13.4 mm; Length: 187.0 mm; Breadth: 89.0 mm; Colour: yellow and green / light red (ridge/furrow); Hardness: moderate; Length Breadth Ratio: 2.10; Reference

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Morera, J. et al., 1991: Shape: angoleta; Colour: red; Reference

Reference

Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. 1991
Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot CATIE3DS CRI - CATIE 3 DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 559 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, self-compatibility, resistance to disease, pod shape and colour are described. Population types - CATIE, Costa Rica (3). Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda), Moniliophthora / Monilia roreri (local names: Watery Pod Rot, Moniliasis, Moniliose), Ceratocystis fimbriata (local names: Ceratocystis Wilt, Mal de Machete, Mort Subite).

Disease Fruit Flower

Show Details Hide Details

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: slight anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Colour: brownish orange; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967: Colour: intense anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990: Colour: yellow; Reference

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower

LEAF

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967: Length to Width Ratio: 2.81; Basal Angle: 123.0 °; Apical Angle: 84.0 °; Reference

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990: Length to Width Ratio: 2.81; Basal Angle: 123.0 °; Apical Angle: 84.0 °; Reference

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower

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Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991: Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Reference

Reference

Malaysia - BAL Plantations 1991
Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Notes

Malaysia - BAL Plantations Datafile: BAL2__DS MYS - BAL Plantations (update) Environment: Trials are planted on Table Estate, Tawau. Trial CA81 - planted August 1987 in 3x6 tree plots, 3 replicates randomised blocks, trees spaced at 3.8m x 2.4 m (1,096 trees/ha). Trial CA88 - similar design, planted August 1988. Soil type is fairly fertile young volcanic basalt. Average rainfall is c. 2100 mm/year well distributed, the driest month being February with about 150 mm. Descriptors: Cocoa butter analysis:- samples of a minimum of 2 kg were fermented in net bags placed in the fermentation heap and subsequently fast (i.e. continuously) dried. Determinations were carried out by MacRobertson Foods Pte Ltd. (a division of Cadbury-Schweppes Ltd.) in Singapore using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance machine.

Yield Bean Butterfat Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin; Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Sepal Length: 6.46 mm; Ligule Width: 2.01 mm; Ovule Number: 38; Style Length: 1.66 mm; Pedicel Colour: red; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Brazil - CEPEC, 1987: Self Compatibility: self compatible; Reference

Reference

Brazil - CEPEC 1987
List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: CEPEC_DS BRA - CEPEC 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: 564 accessions mainly of Brazilian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on compatability pod characteristics and type of cocoa is given.

Bean Fruit Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical); Stamen Colour: slight anthocyanin; Sepal Colour: greyish green; Sepal Width: 2.20 mm; Sepal Length: 9.00 mm; Ligule Length: 8.00 mm; Ligule Width: 2.70 mm; Ovary Colour: intense anthocyanin (apical); Ovary Width: 0.96 mm; Ovary Length: 1.90 mm; Style Length: 2.00 mm; Staminode Length: 7.70 mm; Pedicel Colour: pale red; Self Compatibility: self compatible; Note: Translation of Methuen colour codes.; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967: Bud Colour: slight anthocyanin; Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin; Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Guide Line Length: 4.20 mm; Sepal Colour: moderate anthocyanin; Sepal Width: 2.30 mm; Sepal Length: 9.20 mm; Sepal Length to Width Ratio: 3.93; Ligule Length: 4.00 mm; Ligule Width: 2.80 mm; Ligule Length to Width Ratio: 1.45; Ribbon Length: 3.80 mm; Ribbon Colour: anthocyanin absent; Ovary Colour: intense anthocyanin (apical), intense anthocyanin (basal); Ovary Width: 1.10 mm; Ovary Length: 2.10 mm; Ovary Length to Width Ratio: 1.90; Ovule Number: 44; Style Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical), moderate anthocyanin (basal); Style Length: 1.90 mm; Staminode Colour: intense anthocyanin; Staminode Length: 8.00 mm; Pedicel Length: 17.80 mm; Pedicel Colour: intense anthocyanin, intense anthocyanin (ab), anthocyanin absent (basal); Hairs on Upper Surface of Sepal: absent; Pigmented Glands on Lower Surface of Sepal: present; Horns at Base of Guide Lines: present; Pigmented Spot on Pollen Sac: present; Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Reference

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
A. González & M. Ventura, 2007: Self Compatibility: self compatible; Reference

Reference

A. González & M. Ventura 2007
Autocompatibilidad Sexual de Clones de Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). In: Resultados de investigación en cacao. IDIAF, 2007
Flower
Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990: Bud Colour: green; Ligule Colour: green; Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Guide Line Length: 4.20 mm; Sepal Colour: green - white; Sepal Width: 2.30 mm; Sepal Length: 9.20 mm; Ligule Length: 4.00 mm; Ligule Width: 2.80 mm; Ribbon Length: 3.80 mm; Ribbon Colour: white; Ovary Width: 1.10 mm; Ovary Length: 2.10 mm; Ovule Number: 44; Style Colour: yellow (apical), yellow (basal); Style Length: 1.90 mm; Staminode Colour: yellow; Staminode Length: 8.00 mm; Pedicel Length: 17.80 mm; Pedicel Colour: yellow, yellow (ab), white (basal); Hairs on Upper Surface of Sepal: absent; Pigmented Glands on Lower Surface of Sepal: present; Horns at Base of Guide Lines: present; Reference

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Morera, J. et al., 1991: Self Compatibility: self compatible; Reference

Reference

Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. 1991
Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot CATIE3DS CRI - CATIE 3 DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 559 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, self-compatibility, resistance to disease, pod shape and colour are described. Population types - CATIE, Costa Rica (3). Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda), Moniliophthora / Monilia roreri (local names: Watery Pod Rot, Moniliasis, Moniliose), Ceratocystis fimbriata (local names: Ceratocystis Wilt, Mal de Machete, Mort Subite).

Disease Fruit Flower

REFERENCES

Bartley, B.G.D. (1995) Notes on the meaning and origins of clone names. B.G.D Bartley. Personal Communications.

Batista, Lepido J. (2009) Guía Técnica el Cultivo de Cacao en la República Dominicana. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana. Centro para el Desarrollo Agropecuario y Forestal (CEDAF)

Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.

Trinidad - ICTA (No Date) List of AX Crosses. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp 18.

CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.

Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.

Colombia - ICA Palmira (1990) List of clones held at ICA Palmira. F. Ocampo Rojas, ICA, Colombia.

Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.

Cote d'Ivoire - IRCC (1989) Liste des clones en collection. Unpublished Report, IRCC Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire, Doc. No. 192. D. Clement, IRCC, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.

Dominican Republic - CDC (1987) Informe de los trabajos de indentificacion clonal realizados por el Dr. B.G.Bartley durante su visita a la Estacion "Mata Larga". Unpublished of the Comision del Cacau, Dominican Republic. pp 14

IDIAF (2011) Cocoa accessions held in the Dominican Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Research (IDIAF). M. Ventura, personal communication, September 2011.

Philippe Lachenaud (2012) F. Guiana database, CIRAD-CP. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.

Grenada - MALF (1994) Notes on the cocoa germplasm in Grenada. C.A. Williams, Grenada Cocoa Association, Grenada. Personal Communication.

Guatemala - Los Brilliantes (1994) Lista de clones existentes en la Estacion de Investigacion y Produccion Agricola "Los Brillantes" a Agosto 1994. M.T. Reyes Barrios, EIAP Guatemala. Personal Communication.

Honduras - CEDEC (1994) List of accessions in CEDEC, La Masica, Honduras. J.A. Sanchez, FHIA, Honduras. Personal Communication.

CPCRI (2008) Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.

India - Kerala (1997) List of survivng clones from all the introductions. R.V. Nair, Kerala Agricultural University, India. Personal Communication.

Susilo, A. (2008) The list of germplasm collected by ICCRI. Personal communication from Agung Susilo, July 2008.

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1990) List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1998) List of Imported Clones of the Malaysian Cocoa Board, January 1998. K. Lamin, MCB, Malaysia, Personal Communication.

Lopez-Baez, O., Mulato-Brito, J. & Lopez-Arroyo, J. (1992) Recursos geneticos del cacao, Theobroma cacao L. disponibles en Mexico. Agricultura Tecnico Mexicana 18(1-2): pp. 25-38.

PNG - Cocoa & Coconut Research (1998) Current list of cocoa accessions at the PNG CCRI. Mr. Mathias Faure, Personal Communication.

Luis F. García Carrión (2009) Catalogo de Cultivares de Cacao del Peru.

Soloman Islands - S.I. Plantns (1993) Inventory of Soloman Islands Plantations Ltd. Unpublished report, Soloman Islands Plantations Ltd, Soloman Islands, p.1.

USDA, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. (2016) List of cocoa accessions held at Mayaguez in April 2016. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

Philippe Bastide. (2012) Les clones suivis au Vanuatu (unpublished list of accessions). Personal communication, February 2012.

Perez, A.Z., Reyes, H.E. & Reyes, L.C. (1972) Programa de mejoramiento genetico de cacao en Venezuela. MAC, Caucagua, Venezuela, pp. 131.

Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J. (1977) Mejoramiento genético para resistencia a cinco enfermedades del cacao. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Cocoa Research Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, 1977. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 45-56.

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. (1967) Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica

Phillips, W. (1997) Results of the artificial inoculation of Moniliophthora rorei using the Aspersion method. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication

Phillips, W. (1996) Cocoa cultivar reaction when innoculated with Moniliophthora roreri. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication

Morera, J. & Mora, A. (1990) Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.

Morera, J. (1993) Reaction of clones to Phytophthora palmivora. J. Morera, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal Communication.

Sreenivasan, T.N. (1993) Screening for resistance to Black Pod. T.N. Sreenivasan, CRU, Trinidad. Personal Communication.

Sreenivasan, T.N. (1980) Screening for resistance to Black Pod. Cocoa Research Unit Annual Report on Cocoa Research 1975-1980. University of the West Indies, Trinidad. p.16.

Phillips, W. (1997) Results of the artificial inoculation of Phytophthora palmivora using the Paper Disc method. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication

Lopez-Baez, O., Fraire, V.G. & Cueto, M.J. (1996) Mejoramiento genetico para la resistencia a Phytophthora en Mexico. Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Contribution of Disease Resistance to Cocoa Variety Improvement, INGENIC, Salvador, 24th-26th September, 1996. pp.51-55.

Lawrence, J.S. (1978) Screening of cacao cultivars for resistance to Phytophthora palmivora in the collection at CATIE, Costa Rica. Revista Theobroma 8: pp. 125-131.

Lam, K.S. (1992) Performance of imported clones in Sime Darby Plantations. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Subali, S. (1992) MARDI's results on performance of imported primary cocoa clones. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Malaysia - Applied Agriculture (1992) Data from Applied Agriculture Research Unit (AARU). In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pp. 4.

Malaysia - BAL Plantations (1991) Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Lamin, K. (1992) Data from Malaysian Cocoa Board. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Bartley, B.G.D. (1970) A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.

Brazil - CEPEC (1987) List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.

Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. (1991) Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.

A. González & M. Ventura (2007) Autocompatibilidad Sexual de Clones de Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). In: Resultados de investigación en cacao. IDIAF, 2007

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UF 221 Group Name Theobroma cacao

NOTES

PEDIGREE DETAILS

HELD IN

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DISEASE

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YIELD

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BEAN

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BUTTERFAT

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FRUIT

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FLUSH

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FLOWER

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REFERENCES

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