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TSAN 792 Group Name Theobroma cacao

Shripat, C. (1996)
The Cocoa Breeding Programme of the Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources, Trinidad. Presented at the International Workshop on The Utilisation of Genetic Resources of the ICGT, June, 1996. Cocoa Research Unit, Trinidad.

Derivation: Trinidad Selected Amazon Natural pollin..
Collected by Cocoa Board.
Location: Trinidad and Tobago.

Notes: Included as part of the TSA series in previous versions of the ICGD. Although these Trinidad hybrid groups are similar the TSAN series is now known to be separate to TSA.

Selections from populations produced from open pollinated pods from TSA clones.

Shripat, 1996a [SHR96A]. Each Trinidad clone was labelled with a code composed of certain letters as a prefix (TS, TSA, TSH, TSAN, TSHN) followed by a number which runs consecutively from 500 upwards regardless of the letters. Thus, there are no two new clones with the same number. Selections were made from the progenies of SCA 6 x ICS 1, SCA 6 x ICS 95, IMC 67 and POUND 18 [POU].

(see also Bartley, 1997c [BAR97C] ).

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Synonyms: TSA 792, TSH 792, TSHN 792

RECOMMENDED PLANTING MATERIAL Disclaimer

Recommended Planting Material

Disclaimer
Recommendations for planting materials are made by the referenced authors for specific regions and growing conditions. They are provided here as a guide and historic record only. To confirm the most appropriate planting material for your needs and its availability, please contact your local cocoa authority.

Details on clones that are available for distribution and guidelines on the safe movement of cacao germplasm can be obtained from the International Cocoa Quarantine Centre, Reading

Lopes, Uilson Vanderlei et al., 2011: Recommended clone in:
Brazil (Bahia); Local Name: 'TSA 792'; Year: 1998-2014; Reference

Reference

Lopes, Uilson Vanderlei, Wilson Reis Monteiro, José Luis Pires, Didier Clement, Milton Macoto Yamada & Karina Peres Gramacho 2011
Cacao Breeding in Bahia, Brazil - Strategies and Results. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 11: 73–81
DOI: 10.1590/S1984-70332011000500011

Recommended material
Yamada, Milton Macoto et al., 2010: Recommended clone in:
Brazil (Bahia); Local Name: 'TSA 792'; Year: 1990; Reference

Reference

Yamada, Milton Macoto, Fábio Gelape Faleiro, Brena Faria Santos & Mônica Menezes Passinho 2010
RELAÇÃO ENTRE INCOMPATIBILIDADE E VARIABILIDADE GENÉTICA COM BASE EM MARCADORES RAPD EM CLONES DE CACAUEIRO [Relationship between Incompatibility and Genetic Variability Based on RAPD Markers in Cacao Clones]. Agrotrópica (Itabuna) 22 (1): 11–16
Recommended material
Rodriguez-Medina, Caren et al., 2019: Recommended seed parent in:
Colombia; Bi-parental cross: TSAN 792 x IMC 67; Recommended by: Instituto Colombiano Agropecuaria (ICA), Colombia; Year: 1980s (Until late 1990s); Reference

Reference

Rodriguez-Medina, Caren, Alvaro Caicedo Arana, Olivier Sounigo, Xavier Argout, Gabriel Alvarado Alvarado & Roxana Yockteng 2019
Cacao Breeding in Colombia, Past, Present and Future. Breeding Science, no. 1999
DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.19011

Recommended material

PEDIGREE DETAILS

Parents:: TSA 641 x op (x SCA 6? ICS 1?) Bartley, B.G.D., 1997

Reference

Bartley, B.G.D. 1997
List of Trinidad Cocoa Board/Ministry of Agriculture selections with their known pedigrees. B.G.D Bartley. Personal Communications.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_
Father to:: HY 271420 /2 Vazquez, F., 1994

Reference

Vazquez, F. 1994
A note on the HY codes used at USDA Mayaguez. F. Vazquez, USDA TARS, Mayaguez, USA. Personal Communication.
Notes

USA - USDA Mayaguez Datafile: PROGENY_; HY 271420 /3 Vazquez, F., 1994

Reference

Vazquez, F. 1994
A note on the HY codes used at USDA Mayaguez. F. Vazquez, USDA TARS, Mayaguez, USA. Personal Communication.
Notes

USA - USDA Mayaguez Datafile: PROGENY_; HY 271420 /4 Vazquez, F., 1994

Reference

Vazquez, F. 1994
A note on the HY codes used at USDA Mayaguez. F. Vazquez, USDA TARS, Mayaguez, USA. Personal Communication.
Notes

USA - USDA Mayaguez Datafile: PROGENY_; HY 271420 /5 Vazquez, F., 1994

Reference

Vazquez, F. 1994
A note on the HY codes used at USDA Mayaguez. F. Vazquez, USDA TARS, Mayaguez, USA. Personal Communication.
Notes

USA - USDA Mayaguez Datafile: PROGENY_; HY 271420 /6 Vazquez, F., 1994

Reference

Vazquez, F. 1994
A note on the HY codes used at USDA Mayaguez. F. Vazquez, USDA TARS, Mayaguez, USA. Personal Communication.
Notes

USA - USDA Mayaguez Datafile: PROGENY_; HY 271420 /7 Vazquez, F., 1994

Reference

Vazquez, F. 1994
A note on the HY codes used at USDA Mayaguez. F. Vazquez, USDA TARS, Mayaguez, USA. Personal Communication.
Notes

USA - USDA Mayaguez Datafile: PROGENY_; HY 271420 Vazquez, F., 1994

Reference

Vazquez, F. 1994
A note on the HY codes used at USDA Mayaguez. F. Vazquez, USDA TARS, Mayaguez, USA. Personal Communication.
Notes

USA - USDA Mayaguez Datafile: PROGENY_; HY 271420 /1 Vazquez, F., 1994

Reference

Vazquez, F. 1994
A note on the HY codes used at USDA Mayaguez. F. Vazquez, USDA TARS, Mayaguez, USA. Personal Communication.
Notes

USA - USDA Mayaguez Datafile: PROGENY_; TSH 1068 Freeman, W.E., No Date

Reference

Freeman, W.E. No Date
Cited by C. Gonsalves in Cocoa Research Unit Newsletter, No. 3, 1996.
Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis PROGENY_ Descriptors: No details Environment: No details Germplasm: 50 Trinidad selections TSH and TSA

Disease; TSH 1069 Freeman, W.E., No Date

Reference

Freeman, W.E. No Date
Cited by C. Gonsalves in Cocoa Research Unit Newsletter, No. 3, 1996.
Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis PROGENY_ Descriptors: No details Environment: No details Germplasm: 50 Trinidad selections TSH and TSA

Disease; TSH 1102 Freeman, W.E., No Date

Reference

Freeman, W.E. No Date
Cited by C. Gonsalves in Cocoa Research Unit Newsletter, No. 3, 1996.
Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis PROGENY_ Descriptors: No details Environment: No details Germplasm: 50 Trinidad selections TSH and TSA

Disease

GENOME/TRANSCRIPTOME DATA LINKS

Jaime A Osorio-Guarín et al., 2020

Reference

BioProject: PRJNA734904 NCBI ENA FASTQ

Library Source: Genomic

Run: SRR14743758 NCBI ENA FASTQ

Experiment: SRX11078364

BioSample: SAMN19549268

SampleName: TSH792

SampleSource: AGROSAVIA, Colombia

HELD IN

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United Kingdom, International Cocoa Quarantine Centre, Reading (ICQC,R): Current List ICQC,R Website; • Accession: RUQ 1031 ICQC,R; - Local Name: TSAN 792; - Year of Accession: 2000
Brazil, Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira/Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPLAC/CEPEC): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CEPEC 2012
Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.; • Accession: 284; - Local Name: TSA 792; - Year of Accession: 1981
Brazil, Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da CEPLAC, Rondônia: List received in 2015 Reference

Reference

Almeida, Caio Márcio Vasconcellos Cordeiro de, Francisco Antônio Neto, Acácio de Paula, Silva, José Raymundo Pires Medeiros & Antonio de Almeida Lima 2015
RECURSOS GENÉTICOS DE CACAUEIRO EM RONDÔNIA: RETROSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA, ORIGEM E INVENTÁRIO [Genetic Resources of Cacao in Rondônia: Historical Overview, Origin and Inventory]. Agrotrópica (Itabuna) 27 (2): 93–124; • Accession: TSA 792 Quadra 8; - Local Name: TSA 792
Colombia, Instituto Colombiano Agropecuaria (ICA): List received in 1990 Reference

Reference

Colombia - ICA Palmira 1990
List of clones held at ICA Palmira. F. Ocampo Rojas, ICA, Colombia.; • Local Name: TSHN 792
Costa Rica, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE): List received in 2018 Reference

Reference

Allan Mata 2018
Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Notes

Excel file received by email.; • Accession: 22327; - Local Name: TSAN-792; - Year of Accession: 2014
Ecuador, Estation Experimental Tropical Pichilingue: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

EET - Pichilingue 2012
Accessions planted in EET - Pichilingue, Ecuador. Freddy Amores and Ignacio Sotomayor C, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: TSAN - 792
India, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI): List received in 2008 Reference

Reference

CPCRI 2008
Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.; • Accession: VTLC 200; - Local Name: TSAN-792

DISEASE

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Ceratocystis: Susceptible (Branch).; Note: Based on mycelium growth and the production of perithecia..; Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva, 2003

Reference

Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva 2003
Ensaios Para Avaliação do Cacaueiro à Murcha-de-Ceratocystis na Bahia, Brasil. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Notes

Title: 'Essays for the Assesment of Ceratocystis-Wilt in Bahia, Brazil'

Disease; Resistant; Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower; Susceptible; Freeman, W.E., No Date

Reference

Freeman, W.E. No Date
Cited by C. Gonsalves in Cocoa Research Unit Newsletter, No. 3, 1996.
Notes

Trinidad - University of the West Indies Datafile: DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis PROGENY_ Descriptors: No details Environment: No details Germplasm: 50 Trinidad selections TSH and TSA

Disease; Susceptible; Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Frosty Pod Rot: Susceptible, 83.00 % Infection; Note: External Severety = 2.7 and Internal Severety = 3.8; Phillips, W., 1996

Reference

Phillips, W. 1996
Cocoa cultivar reaction when innoculated with Moniliophthora roreri. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot Descriptors: Resistance based on severity of infection of Moniliophthora roreri using the aspersion method Environment: CATIE, Costa Rica Germplasm: Clones held at the CATIE germplasm collection Experimental conditions: External severity of infection: scale of six values, assessed 9 weeks after inoculation (0 = healthy pod, 5 = necrosis and sporulation). Internal severity of infection: scale of six values, assessed 9 weeks after inoculation (0 = 0% of internal tissues affected, 5 = more than 80%). This parameter was used to classify the cultivars. Incidence of infection: sick pods in relation to inoculated pods.

Disease
Phytophthora: Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded; Morera, J., 1993

Reference

Morera, J. 1993
Reaction of clones to Phytophthora palmivora. J. Morera, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal Communication.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance to Phytophthora Environment: Costa Rica, CATIE. No further details Germplasm: 305 clones of various origins

Disease; Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Phillips, W., 1997

Reference

Phillips, W. 1997
Results of the artificial inoculation of Phytophthora palmivora using the Paper Disc method. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance to Phytophthora palmivora and P. megakarya Environment: Artificial inoculation using the paper disk method. Resisance based on diameter of the lesion ten days after inoculation with 0.0015 zoopsores/ml. Resistant = 0-3 cm; moderately resistant = 3.1 - 6 cm; moderately susceptible = 6.1 - 9 cm; susceptible = > 9.1 cm lesion diameter. Germplasm: 188 Clones selected from the collection at CATIE, Costa Rica Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda).

Disease; Tolerant, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J., 1977

Reference

Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J. 1977
Mejoramiento genético para resistencia a cinco enfermedades del cacao. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Cocoa Research Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, 1977. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 45-56.
Notes

Various data sources Review of disease data complied at Costa Rica - CATIE from sources including: Costa Rica - CATIE, Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies, Ghana - WACRI, Ecuador - Pichilingue. Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot DIS___DS - Disease reaction to stress and disease DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_SSDS - Disease reaction to CSSV DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis Descriptors: Information on the type of disease/stress and the reaction of the clone.

Disease
Witches Broom: Resistant; Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower; Susceptible; Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower; Tolerant; Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J., 1977

Reference

Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J. 1977
Mejoramiento genético para resistencia a cinco enfermedades del cacao. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Cocoa Research Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, 1977. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 45-56.
Notes

Various data sources Review of disease data complied at Costa Rica - CATIE from sources including: Costa Rica - CATIE, Trinidad - CRU, University of the West Indies, Ghana - WACRI, Ecuador - Pichilingue. Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot DIS___DS - Disease reaction to stress and disease DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_SSDS - Disease reaction to CSSV DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis Descriptors: Information on the type of disease/stress and the reaction of the clone.

Disease; Tolerant; Pires, J.L. et al., 1996

Reference

Pires, J.L., Monteiro, W.R., Pinto, L.R.M. & Luz, E.D.M.N. 1996
Resistance to Witches Broom - Evaluation of genotypes from different origins. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brasil 1996 Cocoa Producers' Alliance (in press).
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafiles: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom PROGENY_ Experimental Conditions: Numbers of vegetative and cushion brooms, and healthy and WB attacked pods were recorded from each plant of the CEPEC collection between may 1995 and June 1996. (Only the accessions planted before 1990 were included in the study - 544 cloned and 21 seminal accessions). Each genotype was represented by a single row of 10 plants. To assess differences between genotypes, a mean of each genotype in the series was used as a series replication. All series with four or more representatives were considered. The analyses were based on the individual values of every single plant of each clone in a row of ten. A second collection (of approx. 250 accessions in common) were equally evaluated. Brooms were removed in December 1994, August 1995, March 1996 and a correlation analysis was carried out. Disease - Crinipellis perniciosa (Marasmius perniciosa) (local names: Witches' Broom Disease, Escoba de bruja, Balai de sorciere, Vassoura de bruxa).

Disease

YIELD

Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Seed Index: 99.0 (dried beans per 100g); Productivity: high - very high; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower

BEAN

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Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Colour Dark Purple: Absent; Colour Light Purple: Present; Colour Grey: Absent; Colour White: Absent; Colour Mottled: Absent; Number: 42.7; Maximum Number: 67; Cotyledon Wet Weight: 1.57 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.01 g; Cotyledon Length: 23.9 mm; Cotyledon Width: 12.4 mm; Cotyledon Thickness: 7.8 mm; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967: Colour Purple: 92 %; Colour Light Purple: 8 %; Shape: flat; Length: 24.6 mm; Width: 13.7 mm; Thickness: 8.0 mm; Cotyledon Wet Weight: 1.73 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.12 g; Reference

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990: Colour Dark Purple: 92 %; Colour Light Purple: 8 %; Cotyledon Wet Weight: 1.73 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.12 g; Cotyledon Length: 24.6 mm; Cotyledon Width: 13.7 mm; Cotyledon Thickness: 8.0 mm; Reference

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower

FRUIT

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Brazil - CEPEC, 1987: Rugosity: moderate; Reference

Reference

Brazil - CEPEC 1987
List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: CEPEC_DS BRA - CEPEC 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: 564 accessions mainly of Brazilian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on compatability pod characteristics and type of cocoa is given.

Bean Fruit Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Basal Constriction: absent; Apex Form: slightly acute; Rugosity: moderate; Husk Thickness: 8.85 mm (11.3 - 6.4); Length: 178.0 mm; Breadth: 84.0 mm; Colour: slight - moderate / negligible anthocyanin (ridge/furrow); Weight: 558.0 g; Pods Per Tree: 8; Hardness: moderate; Length Breadth Ratio: 2.11; Note: ratio of distances between ridges within a pair and between ridges of two different pairs = 0.65; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967: Shape: angoleta; Husk Thickness: 9.9 mm; Length: 172.0 mm; Colour: yellow and red; Hardness: very soft; Length Breadth Ratio: 2.13; Reference

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990: Shape: angoleta; Rugosity: moderate; Husk Thickness: 9.9 mm; Length: 172.0 mm; Breadth: 80.0 mm; Colour: light red and green; Hardness: soft; Length Breadth Ratio: 2.15; Reference

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Morera, J. et al., 1991: Shape: amelonado; Colour: red; Reference

Reference

Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. 1991
Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot CATIE3DS CRI - CATIE 3 DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 559 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, self-compatibility, resistance to disease, pod shape and colour are described. Population types - CATIE, Costa Rica (3). Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda), Moniliophthora / Monilia roreri (local names: Watery Pod Rot, Moniliasis, Moniliose), Ceratocystis fimbriata (local names: Ceratocystis Wilt, Mal de Machete, Mort Subite).

Disease Fruit Flower

PHENOTYPING

Fiona Lahive, 2017: Accession: RUQ 1031; Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 7.47 μmol m² s^-1; Stomatal Conductance: 0.17 mol m² s^-1; Transpiration Rate: 1.66 mmol m² s^-1; Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 47.36 μmol mol^-1; Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 4.52 mmol mol^-1; Flush Size: 4; Leaf Area: 202.30 cm²; Leaf Dry Weight: 1.39 g; Specific Leaf Area: 146.00 cm² g^-1; Reference

Reference

Fiona Lahive 2017
Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.
Notes

Data for single trees in ICQC,R. Each value is a mean of 2 time points with 6 leaves per tree (12 measurements), except flush size, which was 2 branches per tree (4 measurements).

Phenotyping

FLUSH

Show Details Hide Details

Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Colour: brownish red; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967: Colour: slight anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990: Colour: green; Reference

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower

LEAF

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967: Length to Width Ratio: 3.41; Basal Angle: 106.0 °; Apical Angle: 79.0 °; Reference

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990: Length to Width Ratio: 3.41; Basal Angle: 106.0 °; Apical Angle: 79.0 °; Reference

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower

FLOWER

Show Details Hide Details

Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin (apical); Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Sepal Colour: green; Sepal Width: 2.17 mm; Sepal Length: 6.73 mm; Ligule Length: 6.17 mm; Ligule Width: 2.43 mm; Ovary Colour: slight anthocyanin (apical); Ovary Width: 1.10 mm; Ovary Length: 1.25 mm; Style Length: 2.15 mm; Staminode Length: 6.93 mm; Pedicel Colour: pink; Note: Translation of Methuen colour codes.; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967: Bud Colour: intense anthocyanin; Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin; Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Guide Line Length: 3.60 mm; Sepal Colour: intense anthocyanin; Sepal Width: 2.20 mm; Sepal Length: 8.20 mm; Sepal Length to Width Ratio: 3.57; Ligule Length: 2.70 mm; Ligule Width: 2.20 mm; Ligule Length to Width Ratio: 1.19; Ribbon Length: 3.00 mm; Ribbon Colour: slight anthocyanin; Ovary Colour: intense anthocyanin (apical), slight anthocyanin (basal); Ovary Width: 1.20 mm; Ovary Length: 1.80 mm; Ovary Length to Width Ratio: 1.46; Ovule Number: 62; Style Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical), anthocyanin absent (basal); Style Length: 2.10 mm; Staminode Colour: intense anthocyanin; Staminode Length: 7.80 mm; Pedicel Length: 13.40 mm; Pedicel Colour: intense anthocyanin, intense anthocyanin (ab), moderate anthocyanin (basal); Hairs on Upper Surface of Sepal: present; Pigmented Glands on Lower Surface of Sepal: present; Horns at Base of Guide Lines: present; Pigmented Spot on Pollen Sac: absent; Reference

Reference

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. 1967
Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Notes

Costa Rica - IICA Datafile: IICA__DS CRI - Cacao Cultivar Register Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 67 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, habit, leaf flower, fruit and seed characters, ease of propagation, disease resistance and self-compatibility are described. Character data: Resistance to Ceratocystis: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1. Resistance to Witches' Broom: high = < 1.0, medium = 1.1 - 2.0, low = > 2.1.

Disease Pests Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990: Bud Colour: yellow; Ligule Colour: green; Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Guide Line Length: 3.60 mm; Sepal Colour: yellow; Sepal Width: 2.20 mm; Sepal Length: 8.20 mm; Ligule Length: 2.70 mm; Ligule Width: 2.20 mm; Ribbon Length: 3.00 mm; Ribbon Colour: green; Ovary Width: 1.20 mm; Ovary Length: 1.80 mm; Ovule Number: 62; Style Colour: yellow (apical), green (basal); Style Length: 2.10 mm; Staminode Colour: yellow; Staminode Length: 7.80 mm; Pedicel Length: 13.40 mm; Pedicel Colour: yellow, yellow (ab), green - white (basal); Hairs on Upper Surface of Sepal: present; Pigmented Glands on Lower Surface of Sepal: present; Horns at Base of Guide Lines: present; Reference

Reference

Morera, J. & Mora, A. 1990
Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE2DS CRI - CATIE 2 Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 71 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: The following codes are used here to describe colour: 1 Green, 2 Green with white, 3 Yellow, 4 Light red, 5 Light red with yellow, 6 Light red with green, 7 Light red with yellow/green, 8 Bright red with yellow, 9 Deep red with green, 10 Bright red, 11 Yellow with green, 12 Bright yellow.

Disease Bean Fruit Flush Leaf Flower
Morera, J. et al., 1991: Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Reference

Reference

Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. 1991
Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot CATIE3DS CRI - CATIE 3 DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 559 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, self-compatibility, resistance to disease, pod shape and colour are described. Population types - CATIE, Costa Rica (3). Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda), Moniliophthora / Monilia roreri (local names: Watery Pod Rot, Moniliasis, Moniliose), Ceratocystis fimbriata (local names: Ceratocystis Wilt, Mal de Machete, Mort Subite).

Disease Fruit Flower

REFERENCES

Shripat, C. (1996) The Cocoa Breeding Programme of the Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources, Trinidad. Presented at the International Workshop on The Utilisation of Genetic Resources of the ICGT, June, 1996. Cocoa Research Unit, Trinidad.

Lopes, Uilson Vanderlei, Wilson Reis Monteiro, José Luis Pires, Didier Clement, Milton Macoto Yamada & Karina Peres Gramacho (2011) Cacao Breeding in Bahia, Brazil - Strategies and Results. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 11: 73–81

Yamada, Milton Macoto, Fábio Gelape Faleiro, Brena Faria Santos & Mônica Menezes Passinho (2010) RELAÇÃO ENTRE INCOMPATIBILIDADE E VARIABILIDADE GENÉTICA COM BASE EM MARCADORES RAPD EM CLONES DE CACAUEIRO [Relationship between Incompatibility and Genetic Variability Based on RAPD Markers in Cacao Clones]. Agrotrópica (Itabuna) 22 (1): 11–16

Rodriguez-Medina, Caren, Alvaro Caicedo Arana, Olivier Sounigo, Xavier Argout, Gabriel Alvarado Alvarado & Roxana Yockteng (2019) Cacao Breeding in Colombia, Past, Present and Future. Breeding Science, no. 1999

Bartley, B.G.D. (1997) List of Trinidad Cocoa Board/Ministry of Agriculture selections with their known pedigrees. B.G.D Bartley. Personal Communications.

Vazquez, F. (1994) A note on the HY codes used at USDA Mayaguez. F. Vazquez, USDA TARS, Mayaguez, USA. Personal Communication.

Freeman, W.E. (No Date) Cited by C. Gonsalves in Cocoa Research Unit Newsletter, No. 3, 1996.

Jaime A Osorio-Guarín, Jhon A Berdugo-Cely, Roberto A Coronado-Silva, Eliana Baez, Yeirme Jaimes, Roxana Yockteng (2020) Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Novel Candidate Genes Associated with Productivity and Disease Resistance to Moniliophthora spp. in Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics, Volume 10, Issue 5, Pages 1713–1725

CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.

Almeida, Caio Márcio Vasconcellos Cordeiro de, Francisco Antônio Neto, Acácio de Paula, Silva, José Raymundo Pires Medeiros & Antonio de Almeida Lima (2015) RECURSOS GENÉTICOS DE CACAUEIRO EM RONDÔNIA: RETROSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA, ORIGEM E INVENTÁRIO [Genetic Resources of Cacao in Rondônia: Historical Overview, Origin and Inventory]. Agrotrópica (Itabuna) 27 (2): 93–124

Colombia - ICA Palmira (1990) List of clones held at ICA Palmira. F. Ocampo Rojas, ICA, Colombia.

Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.

EET - Pichilingue (2012) Accessions planted in EET - Pichilingue, Ecuador. Freddy Amores and Ignacio Sotomayor C, personal communication, February 2012.

CPCRI (2008) Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.

Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva (2003) Ensaios Para Avaliação do Cacaueiro à Murcha-de-Ceratocystis na Bahia, Brasil. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.

Morera, J. & Mora, A. (1990) Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.

Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. (1967) Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica

Phillips, W. (1996) Cocoa cultivar reaction when innoculated with Moniliophthora roreri. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication

Morera, J. (1993) Reaction of clones to Phytophthora palmivora. J. Morera, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal Communication.

Phillips, W. (1997) Results of the artificial inoculation of Phytophthora palmivora using the Paper Disc method. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication

Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J. (1977) Mejoramiento genético para resistencia a cinco enfermedades del cacao. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Cocoa Research Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, 1977. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 45-56.

Pires, J.L., Monteiro, W.R., Pinto, L.R.M. & Luz, E.D.M.N. (1996) Resistance to Witches Broom - Evaluation of genotypes from different origins. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Cocoa Research Conference, Salvador, Brasil 1996 Cocoa Producers' Alliance (in press).

Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.

Brazil - CEPEC (1987) List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.

Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. (1991) Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.

Fiona Lahive (2017) Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.