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BE 8    Theobroma cacao

 Vello, F. & Medeiros, A.G. (1965)
Expedicao botanica a Amazonica brasileira. Cacau Atualidades (Brasil) 2: pp. 47-51.

Derivation: BElem.
Collected by CEPLAC.
Location: Pará, Belem, Brazil.

Soria, 1970a [SOR70A]. Fruit - similar to Comun type, amelonado to elongate shaped pods, generally smooth, white/green, slight-intermediate bottleneck. Seeds - small, purple.

Notes:  Vello & Mederios, 1965 [VELL65A] Brazilian International Expedition, 1965. The BE material was collected to represent a variety of fruit types.
 

Synonyms: BELEM 8

 COLLECTION DETAILS

Location: R. Guama, Para, Brazil (secondary/cleared forest)
Date: 18 June 1965
Coordinates: 48.00 W, 1.30 S
Material collected: Budwood
Notes: Canal Cavado
Expedition Code: 65BR
   Soria, V.J., 1965
   Vello, F. & Medeiros, A.G., 1966
   Soria, V.J., 1970
   Almeida, C.M.V.C. de et al., 1995
   Vello, F. & Medeiros, A.G., 1965

 POPULATION

 Motamayor, J.C. et al., 2008
'Amelonado' Population
 Reference

 HELD IN

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List received in 2012   Reference
• Accession: 117
   - Local Name: BE 8
   - Year of Accession: 1979
List received in 1987   Reference
• Accession: 76
   - Local Name: BE 8
   - Year of Accession: 1966
List received in 2015   Reference
• Accession: BE 08 CPSVHC
   - Local Name: BE 08
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: BE-8
List received in 2018   Reference
• Accession: 19418
   - Local Name: BE-8
   - Year of Accession: 1993
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: BE8
   - Year of Accession: 1982
List received in 1998   Reference
• Local Name: BE 8

 DISEASE

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 Frosty Pod Rot
Moderate Resistance, 48.00 % Infection
Note: Artificial reaction to frosty pod and natural incidence of the disease over 9 years.
 Wilbert Phillips et al., 2009
 Phytophthora
0.20 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (Field reaction).
Note: Natural incidence of the disease over 3 years.
 Wilbert Phillips et al., 2009
 Witches Broom
Occasional (Expedition data).
 Vello, F. & Medeiros, A.G., 1966

 YIELD

 Brazil - Almirante Cacao, 1997
Yield: 649 kg ha-1 yr-1
 Reference
 Wilbert Phillips et al., 2009
Yield: 527 kg ha-1 yr-1
Note: 3 year mean
 Reference

 BEAN

 Vello, F. & Medeiros, A.G., 1966
Colour: purple
Size: medium
Note: expedition data
 Reference

 FRUIT

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 Brazil - CEPEC, 1987
Rugosity: moderate
 Reference
 Morera, J. et al., 1991
Shape: amelonado
Colour: green
 Reference
 Vello, F. & Medeiros, A.G., 1966
Shape: amelonado
Rugosity: smooth
Husk Thickness: thin
Size: medium
Colour: green - white
 Reference

 PHENOTYPING

 Fiona Lahive, 2017
Accession: RUQ 1694
Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 5.78 μmol m2 s-1
Stomatal Conductance: 0.09 mol m2 s-1
Transpiration Rate: 1.50 mmol m2 s-1
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 64.74 μmol mol-1
Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 3.93 mmol mol-1
Flush Size: 5
Leaf Area: 212.90 cm2
Leaf Dry Weight: 1.63 g
Specific Leaf Area: 131.20 cm2 g-1
 Reference

 FLOWER

 Brazil - CEPEC, 1987
Self Compatibility: self compatible
 Reference

Vello, F. & Medeiros, A.G. (1965) Expedicao botanica a Amazonica brasileira. Cacau Atualidades (Brasil) 2: pp. 47-51.
Soria, V.J. (1965) Notes on the cocoas collected by the Brazilian-International expedition to some areas of the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Cacao (Costa Rica) 10: pp. 10-13.
Vello, F. & Medeiros, A.G. (1966) Expedicao botanica a Amazonia Brasileira. Communicado ao Pessoal Technico No. 20. Co-ordenacao Technica. CEPLAC/CEPEC, Brazil, pp. 13.
Soria, V.J. (1970) The latest cocoa expeditions to the Amazon Basin. Cacao (Costa Rica) 15: pp. 5-15.
Almeida, C.M.V.C. de, Machado, P.F.R., de, Barriga, J.P. & Silva, F.C.O. da. (1995) Coleta da cacau (Theobroma cacao) da amazonia brasileira: uma abordagem historica e analitica. CEPLAC, SRAO, Porto Velho, RO., Brasil. pp. 92.
Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. (2008) Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311
CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.
Almeida, C.M.V.C. de, Barriga, J.P., Machado, P.F.R. & Bartley, B.G.D. (1987) Evolucao do programa de conservacao dos recursos geneticos de cacau na Amazonia Brasileira. CEPLAC/DEPEA, Boletim Tecnico, Belem, Brasil 5: pp.108.
Almeida, Caio Márcio Vasconcellos Cordeiro de, Francisco Antônio Neto, Acácio de Paula, Silva, José Raymundo Pires Medeiros & Antonio de Almeida Lima (2015) RECURSOS GENÉTICOS DE CACAUEIRO EM RONDÔNIA: RETROSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA, ORIGEM E INVENTÁRIO [Genetic Resources of Cacao in Rondônia: Historical Overview, Origin and Inventory]. Agrotrópica (Itabuna) 27 (2): 93–124
Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.
Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
CRIG (2012) Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.
Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1998) Accessions held in the Malaysian Cocoa Board collection, May 1998. K. Lamin, MCB, Malaysia, Personal Communication.
Wilbert Phillips, José Castillo, Adriana Arciniegas, Allan Mata, Aldo Sánchez, Mariela Leandro, Carlos Astorga, Juan Motamayor, Bill Guyton, Ed Seguine & Ray Schnell (2009) Overcoming the Main Limiting Factors of Cacao Production in Central America through the use of Improved Clones Developed at CATIE. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference, Bali, Indonesia (November 2009). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Brazil - Almirante Cacao (1997) Percentage fat content of seed and nibs from selected clones. Data supplied on computer diskette by Martin Aitken
Brazil - CEPEC (1987) List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. (1991) Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.
Fiona Lahive (2017) Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.