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BE 2    Theobroma cacao

 Vello, F. & Medeiros, A.G. (1965)
Expedicao botanica a Amazonica brasileira. Cacau Atualidades (Brasil) 2: pp. 47-51.

Derivation: BElem.
Collected by CEPLAC.
Location: Pará, Belem, Brazil.

Soria, 1970a [SOR70A]. Fruit - similar to Comun type, amelonado to elongate shaped pods, generally smooth, white/green, slight-intermediate bottleneck. Seeds - small, purple.

Notes:  Vello & Mederios, 1965 [VELL65A] Brazilian International Expedition, 1965. The BE material was collected to represent a variety of fruit types.
 

Synonyms: BELEM 2, G VI 203

 COLLECTION DETAILS

Location: R. Guama, Para, Brazil (secondary/cleared forest)
Date: 18 June 1965
Coordinates: 48.00 W, 1.30 S
Material collected: Budwood
Notes: Vista Alegre, Abaetetuba
Expedition Code: 65BR
   Soria, V.J., 1965
   Vello, F. & Medeiros, A.G., 1966
   Soria, V.J., 1970
   Almeida, C.M.V.C. de et al., 1995
   Vello, F. & Medeiros, A.G., 1965

 POPULATION

 Motamayor, J.C. et al., 2008
'Amelonado' Population
 Reference

 HELD IN

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List received in 2012   Reference
• Accession: 111
   - Local Name: BE 2
   - Year of Accession: 1980
List received in 1987   Reference
• Accession: 70
   - Local Name: BE 2
   - Year of Accession: 1966
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: BE-2
   - Year of Accession: 1996
List received in 2018   Reference
• Accession: 10099
   - Local Name: BE-2
   - Year of Accession: 1979
List received in 2008   Reference
• Accession: VTLC 140
   - Local Name: BE-2
List received in 1997   Reference
• Accession: 203
   - Local Name: BE 2
   - Year of Accession: 1992
List received in 2008   Reference
• Accession: IDN-13-TCAC-00434
   - Local Name: BE2
List received in 1998   Reference
• Local Name: BE 2
   - Year of Accession: 1993

 DISEASE

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 Frosty Pod Rot
Susceptible, 100.00 % Infection
Note: External Severety = 4.6 and Internal Severety = 5.0
 Phillips, W., 1996
Susceptible, 100.00 % Infection
Note: External Severety = 4.6 and Internal Severety = 5.0
 Phillips, W., 1997
 Phytophthora
Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded
 Morera, J., 1993
 Witches Broom
Absent (Expedition data).
 Vello, F. & Medeiros, A.G., 1966

 YIELD

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Pod Index: 30.5 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
 Vello, F. & Medeiros, A.G., 1966
Productivity: high
Note: expedition data
 Reference

 BEAN

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 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Colour: dark purple
Shape: oblong
Number: 39.0
Total Wet Weight: 49.5 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.84 g
Cotyledon Length: 23.0 mm
Cotyledon Width: 11.7 mm
 Reference
 Castro, G.C.T. de et al., 1989
Number: 39.0
 Reference
 Vello, F. & Medeiros, A.G., 1966
Colour: purple
Size: small
Note: expedition data
 Reference

 BUTTERFAT

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Testa: 5.40 %
 Reference

 FRUIT

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 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Shape: elliptical
Basal Constriction: moderate
Apex Form: obtuse
Rugosity: slight
Length: 130.0 mm
Breadth: 83.0 mm
Colour: anthocyanin absent
 Reference
 Brazil - CEPEC, 1987
Rugosity: smooth
 Reference
 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981
Basal Constriction: slight
Apex Form: obtuse
Rugosity: smooth - very slight
Colour: absent anthocyanin
 Reference
 Morera, J. et al., 1991
Shape: calabacillo
Colour: green
 Reference
 Vello, F. & Medeiros, A.G., 1966
Shape: amelonado
Rugosity: moderate
Husk Thickness: medium
Size: medium
Colour: green - white
 Reference

 FLUSH

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Colour: anthocyanin absent
 Reference
 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981
Colour: greenish yellow
 Reference

 FLOWER

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 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent
Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent
Sepal Length: 5.18 mm
Ligule Width: 1.70 mm
Ovule Number: 41
Style Length: 1.83 mm
Pedicel Colour: green
 Reference
 Castro, G.C.T. de et al., 1989
Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent
Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent
Sepal Colour: anthocyanin absent
Sepal Width: 2.61 mm
Sepal Length: 7.54 mm
Sepal Orientation: horizontal
Ligule Length: 5.56 mm
Ligule Width: 2.47 mm
Ovary Colour: anthocyanin absent
Ovary Width: 1.22 mm
Ovary Length: 1.69 mm
Ovule Number: 51
Style Length: 2.15 mm
Staminode Colour: moderate anthocyanin
Staminode Length: 5.40 mm
Pedicel Colour: anthocyanin absent
 Reference
 Morera, J. et al., 1991
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference
 Vello, F. & Medeiros, A.G., 1966
Ligule Colour: yellow
Stamen Colour: anthocyanin present
Sepal Shape: long
Ligule Shape: rhomboid
Note: expedition data
 Reference

Vello, F. & Medeiros, A.G. (1965) Expedicao botanica a Amazonica brasileira. Cacau Atualidades (Brasil) 2: pp. 47-51.
Soria, V.J. (1965) Notes on the cocoas collected by the Brazilian-International expedition to some areas of the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Cacao (Costa Rica) 10: pp. 10-13.
Vello, F. & Medeiros, A.G. (1966) Expedicao botanica a Amazonia Brasileira. Communicado ao Pessoal Technico No. 20. Co-ordenacao Technica. CEPLAC/CEPEC, Brazil, pp. 13.
Soria, V.J. (1970) The latest cocoa expeditions to the Amazon Basin. Cacao (Costa Rica) 15: pp. 5-15.
Almeida, C.M.V.C. de, Machado, P.F.R., de, Barriga, J.P. & Silva, F.C.O. da. (1995) Coleta da cacau (Theobroma cacao) da amazonia brasileira: uma abordagem historica e analitica. CEPLAC, SRAO, Porto Velho, RO., Brasil. pp. 92.
Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. (2008) Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311
CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.
Almeida, C.M.V.C. de, Barriga, J.P., Machado, P.F.R. & Bartley, B.G.D. (1987) Evolucao do programa de conservacao dos recursos geneticos de cacau na Amazonia Brasileira. CEPLAC/DEPEA, Boletim Tecnico, Belem, Brasil 5: pp.108.
Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.
Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
CPCRI (2008) Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.
India - Kerala (1997) List of survivng clones from all the introductions. R.V. Nair, Kerala Agricultural University, India. Personal Communication.
Susilo, A. (2008) The list of germplasm collected by ICCRI. Personal communication from Agung Susilo, July 2008.
Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1998) Accessions held in the Malaysian Cocoa Board collection, May 1998. K. Lamin, MCB, Malaysia, Personal Communication.
Phillips, W. (1996) Cocoa cultivar reaction when innoculated with Moniliophthora roreri. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication
Phillips, W. (1997) Results of the artificial inoculation of Moniliophthora rorei using the Aspersion method. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication
Morera, J. (1993) Reaction of clones to Phytophthora palmivora. J. Morera, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal Communication.
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Castro, G.C.T. de, Pereira, T.N.S., Carletto, G.A. & Bartley, B.G.D. (1989) Caracterizacao dos recursos geneticos do cacaueiro. III. Flor das selecoes CEPEC,EEG, BE, MA, RB, CA e CAS. Agrotrópica 1: pp. 27-33.
Brazil - CEPEC (1987) List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. (1991) Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.