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PA 169 [PER] Group Name Theobroma cacao

Pound, F.J. (1938)
Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

Derivation: PArinari.
Collected by Pound.
Location: Parinari, Peru.

Pound, 1938a: [POU38A] type 1 - long, generally warty pods with a pronounced bottleneck and a conspicuous point, type 2 - lack the pronounced bottleneck, type 3 - pods shorter and lack both the pronounced bottle neck and point, type 4 - smooth lagarta, ie with bottle neck and point but with shallow furrows and a smooth shell, type 5 - as type 1 but with very small beans, type 6 - short, 10 ridged oval, warty pods, sometimes with red tint. Posnette, 1945A [POS45A]. Parinari type has long petioles (2-3 cm) with pulvini separated by a long, deep constriction even when young. The stamen filaments are not pigmented.

Notes: Selections from the region around Parinari.

Pound, 1938a [POU38A]. Pods probably collected from some 20 trees free of Witches' Broom in a population of type 1,2,3, and 4. Further collections may have made around Porvenir (between the Boca del Huallaga and Boca del Pastaza) from types 5 and 6.

Pound, 1943b [POU43B]. 277 plants were planted at Marper farm.

Bartley, 1998a [BAR98A] Parinari means tree and it is the name of a place on the River Amazon (Maranon) in Peru. However it is believed to refer to a region rather than a specific place. Types 5 and 6 were collected from along the whole stretch of the Maranon River.

SNP/SSR Populations Images

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Synonyms: PARINARI 169 [PER]

COLLECTION DETAILS

Location: Rio Maranon, Parinari, Loreto, Peru

Coordinates: 74.60 W, 4.60 S

Marita, J. M. et al., 2001

PEDIGREE DETAILS

Mother to:: CEPEC 1015 Brazil - CEPEC, 1987

Reference

Brazil - CEPEC 1987
List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: CEPEC_DS BRA - CEPEC 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: 564 accessions mainly of Brazilian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on compatability pod characteristics and type of cocoa is given.

Bean Fruit Flower
Father to:: AX 181 Trinidad - ICTA, No Date

Reference

Trinidad - ICTA No Date
List of AX Crosses. Unpublished report, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. pp 18.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: PROGENY_; CATIE-R4 Wilbert Phillips-Mora et al., 2013

Reference

Wilbert Phillips-Mora, Adriana Arciniegas-Leal, Allan Mata-Quirós & Juan Carlos Motamayor-Arias 2013
Catalogue of Cacao Clones Selected by CATIE for Commercial Plantings. Technical series. Technical manual/CATIE no.105
Notes

English version. ISBN 978-9977-57-590-2.

Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Leaf Flower SSR Flavour Recommended material; CATIE-R6 Wilbert Phillips-Mora et al., 2013

Reference

Wilbert Phillips-Mora, Adriana Arciniegas-Leal, Allan Mata-Quirós & Juan Carlos Motamayor-Arias 2013
Catalogue of Cacao Clones Selected by CATIE for Commercial Plantings. Technical series. Technical manual/CATIE no.105
Notes

English version. ISBN 978-9977-57-590-2.

Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Leaf Flower SSR Flavour Recommended material; CEPEC 1015 Brazil - CEPEC, 1987

Reference

Brazil - CEPEC 1987
List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: CEPEC_DS BRA - CEPEC 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: 564 accessions mainly of Brazilian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on compatability pod characteristics and type of cocoa is given.

Bean Fruit Flower

POPULATION

Motamayor, J.C. et al., 2008: 'Maranon' Population; Subgroup: 'Parinari IV' Reference

Reference

Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. 2008
Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311
Population SSR

GENOME/TRANSCRIPTOME DATA LINKS

Cornejo, O.E. et al., 2018

Reference

BioProject: PRJNA486011 NCBI ENA FASTQ

Project: PRJEB28591 EVA (project) EVA (analysis)

Library Source: Genomic

Run: SRR7774240 NCBI ENA FASTQ

Experiment: SRX4629584

BioSample: SAMN09934520

SampleName: PA_169

SampleSource: Trinidad, Tree_ID: Tc15974

HELD IN

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United Kingdom, International Cocoa Quarantine Centre, Reading (ICQC,R): Current List ICQC,R Website; • Accession: RUQ 1479 ICQC,R; - Local Name: PA 169 [PER]; - Year of Accession: 2004; • Accession: RUQ 1479B ICQC,R; - Local Name: PA 169 [PER]
Brazil, Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira/Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPLAC/CEPEC): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CEPEC 2012
Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.; • Accession: 195; - Local Name: PA 169; - Year of Accession: 1978
Brazil, Comissao Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira (CEPLAC): List received in 1987 Reference

Reference

Almeida, C.M.V.C. de, Barriga, J.P., Machado, P.F.R. & Bartley, B.G.D. 1987
Evolucao do programa de conservacao dos recursos geneticos de cacau na Amazonia Brasileira. CEPLAC/DEPEA, Boletim Tecnico, Belem, Brasil 5: pp.108.
Notes

History of the collections, naming of the accessions, origins of the material, collection and planting dates, propagation methods and number of plants established.; • Accession: 131; - Local Name: PA 169 [PER]; - Year of Accession: 1966
Brazil, Mars Center for Cocoa Science: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Mars Center for Cocoa Science 2012
Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: PA-169
Colombia, Instituto Colombiano Agropecuaria (ICA): List received in 1990 Reference

Reference

Colombia - ICA Palmira 1990
List of clones held at ICA Palmira. F. Ocampo Rojas, ICA, Colombia.; • Local Name: PA 169 [PER]
Costa Rica, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE): List received in 2018 Reference

Reference

Allan Mata 2018
Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Notes

Excel file received by email.; • Accession: 10393; - Local Name: PA-169; - Year of Accession: 1960
Ecuador, Estation Experimental Tropical Pichilingue: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

EET - Pichilingue 2012
Accessions planted in EET - Pichilingue, Ecuador. Freddy Amores and Ignacio Sotomayor C, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: PA - 169
France, CIRAD (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Researche Agronomique pour le Développment): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Philippe Lachenaud 2012
CIRAD Montpellier Clone List (Excel Spreadsheet). Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.; • Local Name: PA 169; - Year of Accession: 1993
French Guiana, CIRAD (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Researche Agronomique pour le Développment): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Philippe Lachenaud 2012
F. Guiana database, CIRAD-CP. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.; • Local Name: PA 169
Ghana, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CRIG 2012
Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: PA 169; - Year of Accession: 1973
Honduras, Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola (FHIA): List received in 1994 Reference

Reference

Honduras - CEDEC 1994
List of accessions in CEDEC, La Masica, Honduras. J.A. Sanchez, FHIA, Honduras. Personal Communication.; • Local Name: PA 169 [PER]
Indonesia, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI): List received in 2008 Reference

Reference

Susilo, A. 2008
The list of germplasm collected by ICCRI. Personal communication from Agung Susilo, July 2008.; • Accession: IDN-13-TCAC-00672; - Local Name: PA 169 (PER)
Jamaica, Cocoa Industry Board of Jamaica: List received in 1971 Reference

Reference

Leon, J. & Sgaravatti, E. 1971
Provisional list of genetic materials for plant introduction and exchange. AGPE Misc 71/2. FAO, Rome. pp. 26.
Notes

Lists of the clones held at CEPEC-Brazil, Nkoemvone-Cameroun, Central Agric. REs. Inst- Ceylon, CIA Palmira-Colombia, IICA-Costa Rica, INIAP-Ecuador, CRI-Ghana, MALF-Grenada, IFCC-Cote D'Ivoire, CIB-Jamaica, CRIN-Nigeria, CRU-Trinidad, Agr. Exp. Stat.-Suriname, Mayaguez-USA, Caucagua-Venezuela.; • Local Name: PA 169 [PER]
Mexico, Campo Experimental Rosario Izapa, INIFAP: List received in 1995 Reference

Reference

Lopez-Baez, O., Cueto-Moreno, J. & Fraire-Vazquez, G. 1995
Progressos en el mejoramiento genetico del cacao Theobroma cacao L. en Mexico. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Cocoa Breeding Strategies, Kuala Lumpur, 1994. INGENIC, Reading, U.K. pp. 18-25.; • Local Name: PA 169 [PER]; - Year of Accession: 1987
Nigeria, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN): List received in 1994 Reference

Reference

Nigeria - CRIN 1994
CRIN Cocoa germplasm. S.A. Olatoye, CRIN, Nigeria. Personal Communication.; • Local Name: PA 169 [PER]; - Year of Accession: 1968
Peru, Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva (UNAS): List received in 2009 Reference

Reference

Luis F. García Carrión 2009
Catalogo de Cultivares de Cacao del Peru.; • Local Name: PA - 169
Suriname, Agricultural Experiment Station: List received in 1971 Reference

Reference

Leon, J. & Sgaravatti, E. 1971
Provisional list of genetic materials for plant introduction and exchange. AGPE Misc 71/2. FAO, Rome. pp. 26.
Notes

Lists of the clones held at CEPEC-Brazil, Nkoemvone-Cameroun, Central Agric. REs. Inst- Ceylon, CIA Palmira-Colombia, IICA-Costa Rica, INIAP-Ecuador, CRI-Ghana, MALF-Grenada, IFCC-Cote D'Ivoire, CIB-Jamaica, CRIN-Nigeria, CRU-Trinidad, Agr. Exp. Stat.-Suriname, Mayaguez-USA, Caucagua-Venezuela.; • Local Name: PA 169 [PER]
Trinidad and Tobago, International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T): List received in 2011 Reference

Reference

CRU 2011
ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Notes

Website visited 12th April 2011

Link Unavailable [http://sta.uwi.edu/cru/icgt-accessions.asp]; • Local Name: PA 169 [PER]
Venezuela, MAC Caucagua: List received in 1971 Reference

Reference

Leon, J. & Sgaravatti, E. 1971
Provisional list of genetic materials for plant introduction and exchange. AGPE Misc 71/2. FAO, Rome. pp. 26.
Notes

Lists of the clones held at CEPEC-Brazil, Nkoemvone-Cameroun, Central Agric. REs. Inst- Ceylon, CIA Palmira-Colombia, IICA-Costa Rica, INIAP-Ecuador, CRI-Ghana, MALF-Grenada, IFCC-Cote D'Ivoire, CIB-Jamaica, CRIN-Nigeria, CRU-Trinidad, Agr. Exp. Stat.-Suriname, Mayaguez-USA, Caucagua-Venezuela.; • Local Name: PA 169 [PER]; - Year of Accession: 1969

DISEASE

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Frosty Pod Rot: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; 5.00 % Infection (Field reaction).; Note: Percentage infection is the natural incidence of the disease observed in the field over 4 to 5 years.; Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower; Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; 10.00 % Infection (Field reaction).; Note: Percentage infection is the natural incidence of the disease observed in the field over 4 to 5 years.; Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower; 12.00 % Infection (Field reaction).; Note: Percentage infection is the natural incidence of the disease observed in the field over 4 to 5 years.; Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower; Cross: ARF 37 x PA 169 [PER]; 12.00 % Infection (Field reaction).; Note: Percentage infection is the natural incidence of the disease observed in the field over 4 to 5 years.; Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower; Cross: ARF 6 x PA 169 [PER]; 16.00 % Infection (Field reaction).; Note: Percentage infection is the natural incidence of the disease observed in the field over 4 to 5 years.; Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower; Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; 20.00 % Infection (Field reaction).; Note: Percentage infection is the natural incidence of the disease observed in the field over 4 to 5 years.; Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower; Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; 28.00 % Infection (Field reaction).; Note: Percentage infection is the natural incidence of the disease observed in the field over 4 to 5 years.; Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower; Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; 42.00 % Infection (Field reaction).; Note: Percentage infection is the natural incidence of the disease observed in the field over 4 to 5 years.; Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower; Cross: PA 169 [PER] x CCN 51; 70.00 % Infection (Field reaction).; Note: Percentage infection is the natural incidence of the disease observed in the field over 4 to 5 years.; Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower; Moderate Resistance, 15.00 % Infection; Note: Artificial reaction to frosty pod and natural incidence of the disease over 9 years.; Wilbert Phillips et al., 2009

Reference

Wilbert Phillips, José Castillo, Adriana Arciniegas, Allan Mata, Aldo Sánchez, Mariela Leandro, Carlos Astorga, Juan Motamayor, Bill Guyton, Ed Seguine & Ray Schnell 2009
Overcoming the Main Limiting Factors of Cacao Production in Central America through the use of Improved Clones Developed at CATIE. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference, Bali, Indonesia (November 2009). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield
Phytophthora: 2.30 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (Field reaction).; Note: Natural incidence of the disease over 3 years.; Wilbert Phillips et al., 2009

Reference

Wilbert Phillips, José Castillo, Adriana Arciniegas, Allan Mata, Aldo Sánchez, Mariela Leandro, Carlos Astorga, Juan Motamayor, Bill Guyton, Ed Seguine & Ray Schnell 2009
Overcoming the Main Limiting Factors of Cacao Production in Central America through the use of Improved Clones Developed at CATIE. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference, Bali, Indonesia (November 2009). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield; Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Moderate Resistance, 0.00 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (5 month old detached pod (reaction)).; Note: Percentage infection is the natural incidence of the disease observed in the field over 4 to 5 years.; Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower; Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Moderate Resistance, 0.00 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (5 month old detached pod (reaction)).; Note: Percentage infection is the natural incidence of the disease observed in the field over 4 to 5 years.; Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower; Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Moderate Resistance, 1.10 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (5 month old detached pod (reaction)).; Note: Percentage infection is the natural incidence of the disease observed in the field over 4 to 5 years.; Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower; Moderately Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Phillips, W., 1997

Reference

Phillips, W. 1997
Results of the artificial inoculation of Phytophthora palmivora using the Paper Disc method. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance to Phytophthora palmivora and P. megakarya Environment: Artificial inoculation using the paper disk method. Resisance based on diameter of the lesion ten days after inoculation with 0.0015 zoopsores/ml. Resistant = 0-3 cm; moderately resistant = 3.1 - 6 cm; moderately susceptible = 6.1 - 9 cm; susceptible = > 9.1 cm lesion diameter. Germplasm: 188 Clones selected from the collection at CATIE, Costa Rica Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda).

Disease; Resistant, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded; Morera, J., 1993

Reference

Morera, J. 1993
Reaction of clones to Phytophthora palmivora. J. Morera, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal Communication.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora Descriptors: Resistance to Phytophthora Environment: Costa Rica, CATIE. No further details Germplasm: 305 clones of various origins

Disease; Cross: PA 169 [PER] x CCN 51; Resistant, 0.70 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (5 month old detached pod (reaction)).; Note: Percentage infection is the natural incidence of the disease observed in the field over 4 to 5 years.; Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower; Resistant, 0.70 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (5 month old detached pod (reaction)).; Note: Percentage infection is the natural incidence of the disease observed in the field over 4 to 5 years.; Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower; Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Resistant, 0.80 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (5 month old detached pod (reaction)).; Note: Percentage infection is the natural incidence of the disease observed in the field over 4 to 5 years.; Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower; Cross: ARF 6 x PA 169 [PER]; Resistant, 1.10 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (5 month old detached pod (reaction)).; Note: Described as highly resistant. Percentage infection is the natural incidence of the disease observed in the field over 4 to 5 years.; Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower; Resistant, 64.00 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).; Note: Unripe and not wounded; Lopez-Baez, O. et al., 1996

Reference

Lopez-Baez, O., Fraire, V.G. & Cueto, M.J. 1996
Mejoramiento genetico para la resistencia a Phytophthora en Mexico. Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Contribution of Disease Resistance to Cocoa Variety Improvement, INGENIC, Salvador, 24th-26th September, 1996. pp.51-55.
Notes

Mexico - INIFAP, Rosario Izapa Disease - Phytophthora palmivora. Datafile: DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS Immature fruit of 58 clones, four months old were innoculated with spores of Phytophthora palmivora isolated from a cocoa plantation. Innoculation was carried out with a drop on the surface on opposite sides of the pod, at a point near the widest circumference; each drop of the suspension was a concentration of approximately 24000 zoospores/ml. Innoculated fruit were covered in a plastic box which contained 10ml of distilled water in the bottom to maintain an atmosphere of high relative humidity. Evaluation of the results took place six days after innoculation. The size of the mark was taken as an average diameter from the point of infection.

Disease; Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Susceptible, 0.00 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (5 month old detached pod (reaction)).; Note: Percentage infection is the natural incidence of the disease observed in the field over 4 to 5 years.; Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower; Cross: ARF 37 x PA 169 [PER]; Susceptible, 0.90 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (5 month old detached pod (reaction)).; Note: Percentage infection is the natural incidence of the disease observed in the field over 4 to 5 years.; Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Witches Broom: Intermediate (Seedling).; Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M., 1997

Reference

Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M. 1997
Evaluating resistance/tolerance to Witches' Broom disease in Bahia, Brazil. Final Report to ACRI. CEPLAC/CEPEC, February, 1997. pp. 56. Data supplied to ICGD by Luz & Silva.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Bahia Datafile: DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom Experimental Conditions: Basidiospores were obtained from basidiocarps produced on brooms from Camacan, BA, Brazil, the source area of all inoculum used to screen germplasm. Brooms were hung inside "broom chambers" (vassoureiros) and kept in an 8 hr wet/16 hr dry environment as described by Suarez-Capello (1977) and Rocha and Wheeler (1985). Basidiospores were collected in a 16 percent glycerol solution and stored in liquid nitrogen as described by Frias et al (1995) prior to the inoculation tests. Basidiospore germination tests were performed spraying water-agar plates with the basidiospore suspension kept in liquid nitrogen the day before and immediately after the inoculation. The number of germinated basidiospores were recorded after 24 hr and the inoculum concentration adjusted to the number of viable basidiospores. Suspensions with spore germination of less than 75 percent were not used. At least 112 seedlings, divided in 4 replications of 28 seedlings each, of each of the 176 families obtained from open pollinated seeds planted in tubes with sterilized soil were inoculated when presenting a new flush with at least one leaf 1.5 cm long. 1 ml of a suspension of 75,000 basidiospores of C. pernisiosa/ml were sprayed by the automated inoculation system (Frias at al 1995). Plants were then kept in an incubation chamber for 24 hr at 24 degrees centigrade with 100 percent relative humidity. Individual plant responses were recorded 60 days after inoculation. In all inoculation tests performed SCA 6 and SCA 12 were included as standard resistant progenies and CATONGO as a standard susceptible progeny. Disease - Crinipellis perniciosa (Marasmius perniciosa) (local names: Witches' Broom Disease, Escoba de bruja, Balai de sorciere, Vassoura de bruxa).

Disease; Resistant (Field Reaction).; Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M., 1997

Reference

Luz, E.D.M.N. & Silva, S.D.V.M. 1997
Evaluating resistance/tolerance to Witches' Broom disease in Bahia, Brazil. Final Report to ACRI. CEPLAC/CEPEC, February, 1997. pp. 56. Data supplied to ICGD by Luz & Silva.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Bahia Datafile: DIS_WBDS - Disease reaction to Witches' Broom Experimental Conditions: Basidiospores were obtained from basidiocarps produced on brooms from Camacan, BA, Brazil, the source area of all inoculum used to screen germplasm. Brooms were hung inside "broom chambers" (vassoureiros) and kept in an 8 hr wet/16 hr dry environment as described by Suarez-Capello (1977) and Rocha and Wheeler (1985). Basidiospores were collected in a 16 percent glycerol solution and stored in liquid nitrogen as described by Frias et al (1995) prior to the inoculation tests. Basidiospore germination tests were performed spraying water-agar plates with the basidiospore suspension kept in liquid nitrogen the day before and immediately after the inoculation. The number of germinated basidiospores were recorded after 24 hr and the inoculum concentration adjusted to the number of viable basidiospores. Suspensions with spore germination of less than 75 percent were not used. At least 112 seedlings, divided in 4 replications of 28 seedlings each, of each of the 176 families obtained from open pollinated seeds planted in tubes with sterilized soil were inoculated when presenting a new flush with at least one leaf 1.5 cm long. 1 ml of a suspension of 75,000 basidiospores of C. pernisiosa/ml were sprayed by the automated inoculation system (Frias at al 1995). Plants were then kept in an incubation chamber for 24 hr at 24 degrees centigrade with 100 percent relative humidity. Individual plant responses were recorded 60 days after inoculation. In all inoculation tests performed SCA 6 and SCA 12 were included as standard resistant progenies and CATONGO as a standard susceptible progeny. Disease - Crinipellis perniciosa (Marasmius perniciosa) (local names: Witches' Broom Disease, Escoba de bruja, Balai de sorciere, Vassoura de bruxa).

Disease

PESTS

Red Squirrel: Susceptible (Sciurus granatensis); Warren, J. & Emamdie, D., 1993

Reference

Warren, J. & Emamdie, D. 1993
Rodent resistance in cacao Theobroma cacao L. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad), 70: pp.286-288
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies Datafile: RODENTDS TTO - Rodent damage Germplasm: Cocoa accessions from the ICG,T were evaluated for their reaction to rodent damage to ripe and unripe pods. Method: Experiment 1: ten ripe and ten unripe pods of each accession were tied onto a single tree selected at random in an abandoned cocoa estate at Mount St. Benedict where a large numbers of the tropical squirrel Sciurius granatensis had been observed. The number of pods damaged was monitored daily for a period of six days after which time the pods were harvested and final weights recorded. Experiment 2: Since virtually all ripe pods were damaged in experiment 1, only mature unripe pods were used in the second experiment. Thirty pods were detached from each of 10 accessions in March 1992. Ten pods of each accession were tested at each of three localities as in Experiment 1. The test sites were Mount St. Benedict, Maracas Valley and El Tucuche, all of which were located in abandoned cocoa estates in Trinidad's Northern Range. The number of pods damaged by rodents after 1 week was recorded. Resistance inferred from damage to pods.

Pests

YIELD

Show Details Hide Details

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Pod Index: 29.0 (pods per kg dried beans); Yield: 207 kg ha^-1 yr^-1; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: PA 169 [PER] x CCN 51; Pod Index: 36.0 (pods per kg dried beans); Yield: 1622 kg ha^-1 yr^-1; Note: tree number 9; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 6 x PA 169 [PER]; Pod Index: 15.0 (pods per kg dried beans); Yield: 1177 kg ha^-1 yr^-1; Note: tree number 11; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Pod Index: 36.0 (pods per kg dried beans); Yield: 625 kg ha^-1 yr^-1; Note: tree number 5; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Pod Index: 30.0 (pods per kg dried beans); Yield: 696 kg ha^-1 yr^-1; Note: tree number 10; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Pod Index: 21.0 (pods per kg dried beans); Yield: 2091 kg ha^-1 yr^-1; Note: tree number 14; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Pod Index: 26.0 (pods per kg dried beans); Yield: 1539 kg ha^-1 yr^-1; Note: tree number 23; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Pod Index: 33.0 (pods per kg dried beans); Yield: 730 kg ha^-1 yr^-1; Note: tree number 30; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 37 x PA 169 [PER]; Pod Index: 27.0 (pods per kg dried beans); Yield: 841 kg ha^-1 yr^-1; Note: tree number 8; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Pod Index: 29.1 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Seed Index: 93.4 (dried beans per 100g); Productivity: medium; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Wilbert Phillips et al., 2009: Yield: 659 kg ha^-1 yr^-1; Note: 3 year mean; Reference

Reference

Wilbert Phillips, José Castillo, Adriana Arciniegas, Allan Mata, Aldo Sánchez, Mariela Leandro, Carlos Astorga, Juan Motamayor, Bill Guyton, Ed Seguine & Ray Schnell 2009
Overcoming the Main Limiting Factors of Cacao Production in Central America through the use of Improved Clones Developed at CATIE. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Cocoa Research Conference, Bali, Indonesia (November 2009). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield

BEAN

Show Details Hide Details

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Number: 35.0; Length: 22.0 mm; Width: 10.0 mm; Thickness: 12.0 mm; Dry Weight: 1.28 g; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: PA 169 [PER] x CCN 51; Acc: tree number 9; Number: 22.0; Dry Weight: 1.30 g; Note: tree number 9; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 6 x PA 169 [PER]; Acc: tree number 11; Number: 38.0; Length: 24.0 mm; Width: 10.0 mm; Thickness: 13.0 mm; Dry Weight: 1.70 g; Note: tree number 11; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Acc: tree number 5; Number: 21.0; Dry Weight: 1.40 g; Note: tree number 5; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Acc: tree number 10; Number: 27.0; Dry Weight: 1.30 g; Note: tree number 10; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Acc: tree number 14; Number: 36.0; Length: 22.0 mm; Width: 10.0 mm; Thickness: 12.0 mm; Dry Weight: 1.20 g; Note: tree number 14; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Acc: tree number 23; Number: 30.0; Length: 23.0 mm; Width: 11.0 mm; Thickness: 11.0 mm; Dry Weight: 1.40 g; Note: tree number 23; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Acc: tree number 30; Number: 35.0; Dry Weight: 0.90 g; Note: tree number 30; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 37 x PA 169 [PER]; Acc: tree number 8; Number: 36.0; Length: 23.0 mm; Width: 7.0 mm; Thickness: 11.0 mm; Dry Weight: 1.20 g; Note: tree number 8; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: purple; Shape: elliptical; Number: 34.0; Total Wet Weight: 47.3 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.01 g; Cotyledon Length: 20.9 mm; Cotyledon Width: 12.0 mm; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Colour Dark Purple: Present; Colour Light Purple: Present; Colour Grey: Absent; Colour White: Absent; Colour Mottled: Absent; Number: 30.8; Maximum Number: 43; Cotyledon Wet Weight: 1.69 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.07 g; Cotyledon Length: 23.4 mm; Cotyledon Width: 12.5 mm; Cotyledon Thickness: 9.1 mm; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower

BUTTERFAT

Show Details Hide Details

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Butterfat Content: 61.00 %; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 6 x PA 169 [PER]; Butterfat Content: 57.00 %; Note: tree number 11; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Butterfat Content: 55.00 %; Note: tree number 10; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Butterfat Content: 57.00 %; Note: tree number 14; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Butterfat Content: 56.00 %; Note: tree number 23; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 37 x PA 169 [PER]; Butterfat Content: 62.00 %; Note: tree number 8; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Testa: 4.40 %; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

FRUIT

Show Details Hide Details

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Shape: amelonado; Basal Constriction: absent; Apex Form: rounded; Rugosity: moderate; Husk Thickness: 13 mm; Length: 174.0 mm; Breadth: 86.0 mm; Colour: green; Weight: 458.0 g; Hardness: moderate; Length Breadth Ratio: 2.02; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: PA 169 [PER] x CCN 51; Acc: tree number 9; Husk Thickness: 13 mm; Length: 161.0 mm; Breadth: 86.0 mm; Colour: green; Weight: 326.0 g; Length Breadth Ratio: 1.87; Note: tree number 9; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 6 x PA 169 [PER]; Acc: tree number 11; Shape: angoleta; Basal Constriction: absent; Apex Form: acute; Rugosity: moderate; Husk Thickness: 13 mm; Length: 220.0 mm; Breadth: 95.0 mm; Colour: green; Weight: 703.0 g; Hardness: moderate; Length Breadth Ratio: 2.31; Note: tree number 11; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Acc: tree number 5; Husk Thickness: 15 mm; Length: 155.0 mm; Breadth: 88.0 mm; Colour: green; Weight: 443.0 g; Length Breadth Ratio: 1.76; Note: tree number 5; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Acc: tree number 10; Husk Thickness: 16 mm; Length: 172.0 mm; Breadth: 88.0 mm; Colour: green; Weight: 455.0 g; Length Breadth Ratio: 1.95; Note: tree number 10; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Acc: tree number 14; Shape: amelonado; Basal Constriction: absent; Apex Form: obtuse; Rugosity: moderate; Husk Thickness: 16 mm; Length: 190.0 mm; Breadth: 90.0 mm; Colour: green; Weight: 565.0 g; Hardness: soft; Length Breadth Ratio: 2.11; Note: tree number 14; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Acc: tree number 23; Shape: amelonado; Basal Constriction: absent; Apex Form: obtuse; Rugosity: moderate; Husk Thickness: 15 mm; Length: 187.0 mm; Breadth: 96.0 mm; Colour: green; Weight: 637.0 g; Hardness: soft; Length Breadth Ratio: 1.94; Note: tree number 23; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Acc: tree number 30; Husk Thickness: 13 mm; Length: 164.0 mm; Breadth: 82.0 mm; Colour: green; Weight: 368.0 g; Length Breadth Ratio: 2.00; Note: tree number 30; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 37 x PA 169 [PER]; Acc: tree number 8; Shape: amelonado; Basal Constriction: absent; Apex Form: mammillate; Rugosity: smooth; Husk Thickness: 14 mm; Length: 181.0 mm; Breadth: 87.0 mm; Colour: green; Weight: 511.0 g; Hardness: soft; Length Breadth Ratio: 2.08; Note: tree number 8; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Shape: obovate; Basal Constriction: moderate; Apex Form: obtuse; Rugosity: moderate; Length: 160.0 mm; Breadth: 79.0 mm; Colour: anthocyanin absent; Hardness: hard; Note: Hardness > 2.0 Mpa; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Brazil - CEPEC, 1987: Rugosity: intense; Reference

Reference

Brazil - CEPEC 1987
List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: CEPEC_DS BRA - CEPEC 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: 564 accessions mainly of Brazilian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on compatability pod characteristics and type of cocoa is given.

Bean Fruit Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Basal Constriction: slight; Apex Form: slightly acute; Rugosity: smooth - very slight; Husk Thickness: 9.25 mm (10.9 - 7.6); Length: 159.0 mm; Breadth: 81.0 mm; Colour: absent anthocyanin; Weight: 474.0 g; Pods Per Tree: 5; Hardness: soft; Length Breadth Ratio: 1.96; Note: ratio of distances between ridges within a pair and between ridges of two different pairs = 0.78; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Morera, J. et al., 1991: Shape: amelonado; Colour: green; Reference

Reference

Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. 1991
Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: DIS_MODS - Disease reaction to Monilia Pod Rot CATIE3DS CRI - CATIE 3 DIS_PHDS - Disease reaction to Phytophthora DIS_CEDS - Disease reaction to Ceratocystis PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptions are given for 559 clones. More information on 44 of them is given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Environment: Details are given in the Table CATIE, Costa Rica (1). Descriptors: Population type, self-compatibility, resistance to disease, pod shape and colour are described. Population types - CATIE, Costa Rica (3). Disease - Phytophthora palmivora, P. megakarya (Local Names: Black Pod, Podredumbre negra, Pourriture Brune, Podridao parda), Moniliophthora / Monilia roreri (local names: Watery Pod Rot, Moniliasis, Moniliose), Ceratocystis fimbriata (local names: Ceratocystis Wilt, Mal de Machete, Mort Subite).

Disease Fruit Flower

PHENOTYPING

Fiona Lahive, 2017: Accession: RUQ 1479; Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 5.90 μmol m² s^-1; Stomatal Conductance: 0.10 mol m² s^-1; Transpiration Rate: 1.26 mmol m² s^-1; Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 65.20 μmol mol^-1; Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 4.73 mmol mol^-1; Flush Size: 5; Leaf Area: 265.00 cm²; Leaf Dry Weight: 1.65 g; Specific Leaf Area: 165.10 cm² g^-1; Reference

Reference

Fiona Lahive 2017
Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.
Notes

Data for single trees in ICQC,R. Each value is a mean of 2 time points with 6 leaves per tree (12 measurements), except flush size, which was 2 branches per tree (4 measurements).

Phenotyping

FLUSH

Show Details Hide Details

Allen, J.B., 1988: Colour: slight anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Allen, J.B. 1988
Geographical variation and population biology in wild Theobroma cacao. PhD. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, U.K. pp. 197.
Notes

Colombia, Ecuador - Amazon region Datafile: LCT___DC ECU - LCTAP Fruit and seed characteristics LCT2__DS LCTAP Habit and flower characteristics LCT___DS ECU - LCTAP Field and genebank data Germplasm: Details of 234 LCT-EEN and EBC accessions from material collected in the Amazon region of Ecuador and R. Caqueta, Colombia and several of Pound's collections held at the San Carlos genebank. Environment: Accessions were either described at the time of collection or after planting in the field genebank at the San Carlos site of the INIAP Napo-Payamino Experimental Station in Napo Province. In the field genebank, a maximum of 10 seedlings for each collection were planted in a single row and budwood collections were planted as a row of up to 5 plants. Trees were spaced at 3m within the row and 4m between rows. Meteorological data are given in the table as mean daily maximum and mean daily minimum temperature and mean total rainfall per month. Soil analyses were carried out in the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Edinburgh University, UK. The table shows the means of duplicate analyses of five samples taken from the genebank site and the forest surrounding the genebank. Soil data: pH 4.2 Org. Mat. (%) 9.4 N (Total, %) 0.3 P (Total, µg/g) 702 Ca (meq/100g) 5.19 Mg (meq/100g) 1.60 K (meq/100g) 0.48 Ca/Mg (ratio) 3.24 Ca+Mg/K (ratio) 14.1 Meteorological data: Temperature (°C) Rainfall (mm) Daily Max. Daily Min. January 30.9 21.2 116.2 February 29.1 20.6 272.3 March 29.8 21.2 260.0 April 29.9 21.3 327.5 May 29.9 21.0 287.9 June 27.9 20.4 308.1 July 28.1 20.0 254.1 August 29.3 20.3 262.5 September 30.3 20.5 282.4 October 30.6 21.1 257.1 November 30.8 21.1 361.2 December 31.0 21.4 154.8 Descriptors: The coding of the descriptors, and the methodology of recording, is based on the IBPGR standardised format, Engels et al., 1980 [ENG80A] and Engels, 1981 [ENG81A]. However, pod and bean data were recorded from a sample of 1-5 pods per collection, rather than the recommended sample of 10-20 pods due to limited availability of pods.

Flush Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: slight anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Colour: brownish orange; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower

LEAF

Trinidad - ICGT, 1992: Distance from Base to Widest Part: 150 mm; Length: 299.0 mm; Width: 113.0 mm; Length to Width Ratio: 2.70; Basal Angle: 104.2 °; Apical Angle: 67.8 °; Petiole Length: 17 mm; Pulvinus Length: 15 mm; Reference

Reference

Trinidad - ICGT 1992
Leaf descriptors. Unpublished data supplied on computer diskette by International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.
Notes

Trinidad - International Cocoa Genebank, CRU, University of the West Indies.
Flower descriptor data is presented for 620 clones, fruit descriptor data of 333 and seed characters of 118 clones are partly described. Leaf descriptor data is presented for 229 clones. The germplasm is mainly of Peruvian, Ecuadorian and Colombian origin. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 16 trees planted 1.8 m apart in a block design. Shading is provided by Erythrina sp. (spaced 60m apart) and bananas (spaced 4m apart). Fertilizer, N-P-K (15:10:5), is provided twice a year at 250g per tree. Cyclic irrigation is performed from February to May (10 l of water per plant/week). Soil type group -33 A 1 Soil Series - Cunupia fine sandy clay with restricted internal drainage Lithology - silty clay alluvium Drainage - imperfect Slope category - 0°-2° Meterological data are given in this table as mean maximum, mean minimum and overall mean temperature and mean total rainfall per month over the period 1961-1990. Month Temp. (°C) Rainfall Max Min Mean (mm) January 30.1 20.8 24.6 71.2 February 30.2 20.8 25.0 43.3 March 31.2 21.4 25.7 36.6 April 31.8 22.3 26.5 51.1 May 31.6 23.3 26.9 116.5 June 30.6 23.3 26.4 252.1 July 30.8 23.0 26.2 266.3 August 31.2 22.9 26.4 250.1 September 31.5 22.8 26.5 202.5 October 31.4 22.82 6.41 99.3 November 30.8 22.4 25.9 227.8 December 30.2 21.5 25.2 155.6 Descriptors: The character selection is based on the IBPGR list (IBPGR, 1981 [IBP81A]). Where descriptor states present real measurements, e.g. pod length in cm, the data are given as the mean of all the measurements ± the standard deviation. For some descriptors, such as Leaf, flush colour, the phenotypic expression of the character is coded on a scale from 0 to 9. On this scale '0' represents the lowest or weakest expression of a characteristic and '9' represents the highest or strongest. Leaf and Flower Characteristics p.300-307

Leaf

FLOWER

Show Details Hide Details

Allen, J.B., 1988: Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Sepal Colour: anthocyanin absent; Sepal Length: 8.00 mm; Ovary Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical); Pedicel Colour: anthocyanin absent; Reference

Reference

Allen, J.B. 1988
Geographical variation and population biology in wild Theobroma cacao. PhD. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, U.K. pp. 197.
Notes

Colombia, Ecuador - Amazon region Datafile: LCT___DC ECU - LCTAP Fruit and seed characteristics LCT2__DS LCTAP Habit and flower characteristics LCT___DS ECU - LCTAP Field and genebank data Germplasm: Details of 234 LCT-EEN and EBC accessions from material collected in the Amazon region of Ecuador and R. Caqueta, Colombia and several of Pound's collections held at the San Carlos genebank. Environment: Accessions were either described at the time of collection or after planting in the field genebank at the San Carlos site of the INIAP Napo-Payamino Experimental Station in Napo Province. In the field genebank, a maximum of 10 seedlings for each collection were planted in a single row and budwood collections were planted as a row of up to 5 plants. Trees were spaced at 3m within the row and 4m between rows. Meteorological data are given in the table as mean daily maximum and mean daily minimum temperature and mean total rainfall per month. Soil analyses were carried out in the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Edinburgh University, UK. The table shows the means of duplicate analyses of five samples taken from the genebank site and the forest surrounding the genebank. Soil data: pH 4.2 Org. Mat. (%) 9.4 N (Total, %) 0.3 P (Total, µg/g) 702 Ca (meq/100g) 5.19 Mg (meq/100g) 1.60 K (meq/100g) 0.48 Ca/Mg (ratio) 3.24 Ca+Mg/K (ratio) 14.1 Meteorological data: Temperature (°C) Rainfall (mm) Daily Max. Daily Min. January 30.9 21.2 116.2 February 29.1 20.6 272.3 March 29.8 21.2 260.0 April 29.9 21.3 327.5 May 29.9 21.0 287.9 June 27.9 20.4 308.1 July 28.1 20.0 254.1 August 29.3 20.3 262.5 September 30.3 20.5 282.4 October 30.6 21.1 257.1 November 30.8 21.1 361.2 December 31.0 21.4 154.8 Descriptors: The coding of the descriptors, and the methodology of recording, is based on the IBPGR standardised format, Engels et al., 1980 [ENG80A] and Engels, 1981 [ENG81A]. However, pod and bean data were recorded from a sample of 1-5 pods per collection, rather than the recommended sample of 10-20 pods due to limited availability of pods.

Flush Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: PA 169 [PER] x CCN 51; Acc: tree number 9; Self Compatibility: self compatible; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 6 x PA 169 [PER]; Acc: tree number 11; Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Acc: tree number 5; Self Compatibility: self compatible; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Acc: tree number 10; Self Compatibility: self compatible; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Acc: tree number 14; Self Compatibility: self compatible; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 22 x PA 169 [PER]; Acc: tree number 30; Self Compatibility: self compatible; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W., 2006: Cross: ARF 37 x PA 169 [PER]; Acc: tree number 8; Self Compatibility: self compatible; Reference

Reference

Arciniegas, A. & Phillips-Mora, W. 2006
Caracterización de Genotipos Superiores de Cacao Seleccionados por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético del CATIE por Su Rendimiento Y/O Resistencia a Moniliasis. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica (2006). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Disease Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent; Stamen Colour: slight anthocyanin; Sepal Length: 6.25 mm; Ligule Width: 2.54 mm; Ovule Number: 40; Style Length: 2.50 mm; Pedicel Colour: reddish; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Brazil - CEPEC, 1987: Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Reference

Reference

Brazil - CEPEC 1987
List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia Datafile: CEPEC_DS BRA - CEPEC 1 PROGENY_ Germplasm: 564 accessions mainly of Brazilian origin. Environment: No details. Descriptors: Information on compatability pod characteristics and type of cocoa is given.

Bean Fruit Flower
Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981: Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin (apical); Stamen Colour: slight anthocyanin; Sepal Colour: greyish green; Sepal Width: 2.68 mm; Sepal Length: 7.06 mm; Ligule Length: 6.03 mm; Ligule Width: 2.33 mm; Ovary Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical); Ovary Width: 0.98 mm; Ovary Length: 1.27 mm; Style Length: 2.41 mm; Staminode Length: 6.94 mm; Pedicel Colour: reddish white; Note: Translation of Methuen colour codes.; Reference

Reference

Costa Rica - CATIE 1981
Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Notes

Costa Rica - CATIE Datafile: CATIE__DS CRI - CATIE 1 IMAGE_DS PROGENY_ Germplasm: Descriptor information is presented for 294 clones, 8 related species and on one hybrid. In addition, limited information on a further 119 clones is given. This germplasm is mainly of Latin American origin, including the United Fruit clones, UF, and genotypes from Mexico and Brazil. Environment: Each clone is represented in the collection by up to 10 trees planted in a single row. Spacing is usually 2m within the row and 3m between the rows, although parts of the collection are planted in a 2.2 x 2.2m grid. Fertilizer, N-P-K-Mg/Ca in the ratio 18:10:6:5, is applied four times a year at 150g per tree. Shade is provided in most of the collection by an almost complete closed cover of trees of Erythrina poepiggiana and Inga spp. spaced at 12 x 12m. Character data: Seed dry weight: sample is dried for 1.5 h at 130°C and cooled in a desiccator. Seed length, seed width, seed thickness: average of 5 seeds from 20 fruits. Fruit, wall thickness at ridge: fruits are transversally sectioned and the soft endocarp tissue removed. Fruit, ridge pair separation: mean ratio of the distance between ridges within a pair and the distances between the ridges of two different pairs. Leaf, flush colour: measured when leaves are 5cm long. Producitvity: values are given as: 1=very low - c. 40 pods harvested over 3 years; 3=low, 5=intermediate - c. 40 pods obtained from 3-4 harvests over 1 year; 7=high, 9=very high - c. 40 pods harvested at one time. Pod outline drawing for each accession.

Yield Bean Fruit Flush Flower
Yamada, M. et al., 1982: Self Compatibility: self incompatible; Reference

Reference

Yamada, M., Bartley, B.G.D., Castro, G.C.T.de, & Melo, G.R.P. 1982
Heranca do fator compatibilidade em Theobroma cacao L. I. Relacioes fenotipicas na familia PA (Parinari). Revista Theobroma 12 (3): 163-167.
Notes

Brazil - CEPEC, Bahia Datafile: COMP_DS Compatibility Descriptors: Self and cross-compatibility Environment: Cacao Research Centre, Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil Germplasm: 11 clones of the PA [PER] group

Flower

REFERENCES

Pound, F.J. (1938) Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

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Phillips, W. (1997) Results of the artificial inoculation of Phytophthora palmivora using the Paper Disc method. Unpublished data supplied by W. Phillips, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal communication

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Fiona Lahive (2017) Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.

Allen, J.B. (1988) Geographical variation and population biology in wild Theobroma cacao. PhD. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, U.K. pp. 197.

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Yamada, M., Bartley, B.G.D., Castro, G.C.T.de, & Melo, G.R.P. (1982) Heranca do fator compatibilidade em Theobroma cacao L. I. Relacioes fenotipicas na familia PA (Parinari). Revista Theobroma 12 (3): 163-167.