RESULT

Search Results

PA 39 [PER] Group Name Theobroma cacao

Pound, F.J. (1938)
Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

Derivation: PArinari.
Collected by Pound.
Location: Parinari, Peru.

Pound, 1938a: [POU38A] type 1 - long, generally warty pods with a pronounced bottleneck and a conspicuous point, type 2 - lack the pronounced bottleneck, type 3 - pods shorter and lack both the pronounced bottle neck and point, type 4 - smooth lagarta, ie with bottle neck and point but with shallow furrows and a smooth shell, type 5 - as type 1 but with very small beans, type 6 - short, 10 ridged oval, warty pods, sometimes with red tint. Posnette, 1945A [POS45A]. Parinari type has long petioles (2-3 cm) with pulvini separated by a long, deep constriction even when young. The stamen filaments are not pigmented.

Notes: Selections from the region around Parinari.

Pound, 1938a [POU38A]. Pods probably collected from some 20 trees free of Witches' Broom in a population of type 1,2,3, and 4. Further collections may have made around Porvenir (between the Boca del Huallaga and Boca del Pastaza) from types 5 and 6.

Pound, 1943b [POU43B]. 277 plants were planted at Marper farm.

Bartley, 1998a [BAR98A] Parinari means tree and it is the name of a place on the River Amazon (Maranon) in Peru. However it is believed to refer to a region rather than a specific place. Types 5 and 6 were collected from along the whole stretch of the Maranon River.

SNP/SSR Images

Show Hide Reset

Synonyms: PARINARI 39 [PER]

POPULATION

Motamayor, J.C. et al., 2008: 'Maranon' Population; Subgroup: 'Parinari IV' Reference

Reference

Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. 2008
Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311
Population SSR

HELD IN

Show Details Hide Details

United Kingdom, International Cocoa Quarantine Centre, Reading (ICQC,R): Current List ICQC,R Website; • Accession: RUQ 1567 ICQC,R; - Local Name: PA 39 [PER]; - Year of Accession: 2005
Brazil, Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira/Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPLAC/CEPEC): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CEPEC 2012
Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.; • Accession: 1245; - Local Name: PA 39 T2; • Accession: 1308; - Local Name: PA 39
Brazil, Mars Center for Cocoa Science: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Mars Center for Cocoa Science 2012
Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: PA-39/T2
Costa Rica, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE): List received in 2018 Reference

Reference

Allan Mata 2018
Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Notes

Excel file received by email.; • Accession: 21192; - Local Name: PA-39(146); - Year of Accession: 1996; • Accession: 21193; - Local Name: PA-39(170); - Year of Accession: 1996; • Accession: 22384; - Local Name: PA-39 [PER]; - Year of Accession: 2017
Ecuador, Estation Experimental Tropical Pichilingue: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

EET - Pichilingue 2012
Accessions planted in EET - Pichilingue, Ecuador. Freddy Amores and Ignacio Sotomayor C, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: PA - 39
Ghana, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CRIG 2012
Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: PA39
Jamaica, Cocoa Industry Board of Jamaica: List received in 1971 Reference

Reference

Leon, J. & Sgaravatti, E. 1971
Provisional list of genetic materials for plant introduction and exchange. AGPE Misc 71/2. FAO, Rome. pp. 26.
Notes

Lists of the clones held at CEPEC-Brazil, Nkoemvone-Cameroun, Central Agric. REs. Inst- Ceylon, CIA Palmira-Colombia, IICA-Costa Rica, INIAP-Ecuador, CRI-Ghana, MALF-Grenada, IFCC-Cote D'Ivoire, CIB-Jamaica, CRIN-Nigeria, CRU-Trinidad, Agr. Exp. Stat.-Suriname, Mayaguez-USA, Caucagua-Venezuela.; • Local Name: PA 39 [PER]
Malaysia, Agricultural Research Centre (ARC): List received in 1994 Reference

Reference

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran 1994
Accessions in the Malaysian Cocoa Board collection obtained from USDA Mayaguez since 1991. M.T. Lee, MCB, Malaysia. Personal Communication.; • Local Name: PA 39 [PER]; - Year of Accession: 1992
Malaysia, Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB): List received in 1998 Reference

Reference

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran 1998
Accessions held in the Malaysian Cocoa Board collection, May 1998. K. Lamin, MCB, Malaysia, Personal Communication.; • Local Name: PA 39 [PER]; - Year of Accession: 1993
Nigeria, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN): List received in 1994 Reference

Reference

Nigeria - CRIN 1994
CRIN Cocoa germplasm. S.A. Olatoye, CRIN, Nigeria. Personal Communication.; • Local Name: PA 39 [PER]; - Year of Accession: 1968
Trinidad and Tobago, International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T): List received in 2011 Reference

Reference

CRU 2011
ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Notes

Website visited 12th April 2011

Link Unavailable [http://sta.uwi.edu/cru/icgt-accessions.asp]; • Local Name: PA 39 [PER]
United States of America, USDA-TARS: List received in 2016 Reference

Reference

USDA, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. 2016
List of cocoa accessions held at Mayaguez in April 2016. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Notes

Original link: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/view2.aspx?dv=web_site_taxon_accessionlist¶ms=:taxonomyid=101885;:siteid=7 (not working)

npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/...; • Accession: PI 668434 GRIN-Global; - Local Name: PA 39 [PER]; - Year of Accession: 1939

YIELD

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Pod Index: 26.4 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

BEAN

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: purple; Shape: elliptical; Number: 39.0; Total Wet Weight: 53.8 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.97 g; Cotyledon Length: 21.8 mm; Cotyledon Width: 12.9 mm; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

BUTTERFAT

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Testa: 6.00 %; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

FRUIT

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Shape: elliptical; Basal Constriction: moderate; Apex Form: acute; Rugosity: moderate; Length: 146.0 mm; Breadth: 80.0 mm; Colour: anthocyanin absent; Hardness: hard; Note: Hardness > 2.0 Mpa; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

PHENOTYPING

Fiona Lahive, 2017: Accession: RUQ 1567; Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 5.95 μmol m² s^-1; Stomatal Conductance: 0.18 mol m² s^-1; Transpiration Rate: 1.91 mmol m² s^-1; Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 35.44 μmol mol^-1; Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 3.11 mmol mol^-1; Flush Size: 5; Leaf Area: 349.80 cm²; Leaf Dry Weight: 2.04 g; Specific Leaf Area: 171.40 cm² g^-1; Reference

Reference

Fiona Lahive 2017
Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.
Notes

Data for single trees in ICQC,R. Each value is a mean of 2 time points with 6 leaves per tree (12 measurements), except flush size, which was 2 branches per tree (4 measurements).

Phenotyping

FLUSH

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: moderate anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

FLOWER

Allen, J.B., 1988: Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Sepal Colour: anthocyanin absent; Sepal Length: 8.50 mm; Ovary Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical); Pedicel Colour: anthocyanin absent; Reference

Reference

Allen, J.B. 1988
Geographical variation and population biology in wild Theobroma cacao. PhD. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, U.K. pp. 197.
Notes

Colombia, Ecuador - Amazon region Datafile: LCT___DC ECU - LCTAP Fruit and seed characteristics LCT2__DS LCTAP Habit and flower characteristics LCT___DS ECU - LCTAP Field and genebank data Germplasm: Details of 234 LCT-EEN and EBC accessions from material collected in the Amazon region of Ecuador and R. Caqueta, Colombia and several of Pound's collections held at the San Carlos genebank. Environment: Accessions were either described at the time of collection or after planting in the field genebank at the San Carlos site of the INIAP Napo-Payamino Experimental Station in Napo Province. In the field genebank, a maximum of 10 seedlings for each collection were planted in a single row and budwood collections were planted as a row of up to 5 plants. Trees were spaced at 3m within the row and 4m between rows. Meteorological data are given in the table as mean daily maximum and mean daily minimum temperature and mean total rainfall per month. Soil analyses were carried out in the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Edinburgh University, UK. The table shows the means of duplicate analyses of five samples taken from the genebank site and the forest surrounding the genebank. Soil data: pH 4.2 Org. Mat. (%) 9.4 N (Total, %) 0.3 P (Total, µg/g) 702 Ca (meq/100g) 5.19 Mg (meq/100g) 1.60 K (meq/100g) 0.48 Ca/Mg (ratio) 3.24 Ca+Mg/K (ratio) 14.1 Meteorological data: Temperature (°C) Rainfall (mm) Daily Max. Daily Min. January 30.9 21.2 116.2 February 29.1 20.6 272.3 March 29.8 21.2 260.0 April 29.9 21.3 327.5 May 29.9 21.0 287.9 June 27.9 20.4 308.1 July 28.1 20.0 254.1 August 29.3 20.3 262.5 September 30.3 20.5 282.4 October 30.6 21.1 257.1 November 30.8 21.1 361.2 December 31.0 21.4 154.8 Descriptors: The coding of the descriptors, and the methodology of recording, is based on the IBPGR standardised format, Engels et al., 1980 [ENG80A] and Engels, 1981 [ENG81A]. However, pod and bean data were recorded from a sample of 1-5 pods per collection, rather than the recommended sample of 10-20 pods due to limited availability of pods.

Flush Flower
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent; Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Sepal Length: 6.30 mm; Ligule Width: 2.02 mm; Ovule Number: 39; Style Length: 2.07 mm; Pedicel Colour: reddish; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

REFERENCES

Pound, F.J. (1938) Cacao and Witchbroom Disease of South America with notes on other species of Theobroma. Archives of Cocoa Research 1: pp. 26-71.

Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. (2008) Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311

CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.

Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.

Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.

EET - Pichilingue (2012) Accessions planted in EET - Pichilingue, Ecuador. Freddy Amores and Ignacio Sotomayor C, personal communication, February 2012.

CRIG (2012) Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.

Leon, J. & Sgaravatti, E. (1971) Provisional list of genetic materials for plant introduction and exchange. AGPE Misc 71/2. FAO, Rome. pp. 26.

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1994) Accessions in the Malaysian Cocoa Board collection obtained from USDA Mayaguez since 1991. M.T. Lee, MCB, Malaysia. Personal Communication.

Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1998) Accessions held in the Malaysian Cocoa Board collection, May 1998. K. Lamin, MCB, Malaysia, Personal Communication.

Nigeria - CRIN (1994) CRIN Cocoa germplasm. S.A. Olatoye, CRIN, Nigeria. Personal Communication.

CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.

USDA, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. (2016) List of cocoa accessions held at Mayaguez in April 2016. USDA-ARS GRIN-Global. [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Fiona Lahive (2017) Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.

Allen, J.B. (1988) Geographical variation and population biology in wild Theobroma cacao. PhD. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, U.K. pp. 197.