Search Results

OC 61 [VEN]    Theobroma cacao

 Reyes, H.E., Perez, A.Z., Reyes, L.C. de & Wagner O., M. de J. (1973)
Catalogo de cultivares de cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.). Estacion Experimental de Caucagua, Caucagua, Venezuela. pp. 131.

Derivation: OCumare de la costa.
Collected by A. Hernandez.
Location: Oc. de la Costa, Aragua, Venezuela.

Notes:  Bartley, 1998a [BAR98A] The region of Ocumare de la Costa contained various cocoa plantations, but the name also applies to the port on the coast and the river valley. The name of any one of these three things may have orginally been applied to cocoa germplasm. The region's cocoa plantations were planted with a pure Criollo variety up to 1860 after which they were destroyed by Ceratocystis. The region was then replanted with varieties more resisitant to disease, which came from Trinidad, but which were not pure Criollo. At the end of the nineteenth Century "Ocumare" was brought to Trinidad and seed was then sent from Trinidad labelled "Ocumare". "Ocumare" material in Venezulela has some criollo characteristics but is not pure criollo, but material sent of West Africa as "Ocumare" would have been the pure criollo type and not the same as is currently in Venezuela.

OC [VEN] includes two groups of selections. OC 1 - 77 are those made in the 1940's by Manuel Palmer and those with numbers higher than this are those selections listed in Reyes et al. 1993.

Those OC [VEN] clones included in the ICGD with a suffix, i.e. OC 60/1 - OC 60/36, OC 61/1 - OC 61/30, OC 63/1 - OC 63/24, OC 73/1 - OC 73/42 may be CIRAD selections; seed progenies of material planted in the Cote d'Ivoire.
 

Synonyms: VLA 1 [VEN], OCUMARE 61 [VEN], VLA PV 1 [VEN]

 RECOMMENDED PLANTING MATERIAL    Disclaimer

 Gonzalez R, Ventura et al., 2010
Recommended seed parent in:
Venezuela
Bi-parental cross: IMC 67  x OC 61 [VEN]
Year: 1960-70s (Historic)
 Reference
 Gonzalez R, Ventura et al., 2010
Recommended seed parent in:
Venezuela
Bi-parental cross: IMC 11  x OC 61 [VEN]
Year: 1960-70s (Historic)
 Reference

 PEDIGREE DETAILS

 Parents:
CRIOLLO [CRI]  x Unknown
 - Hda Pueblo Nuevo, Aragua
   Morera, J., 1992
 Mother to:
D 11 [VEN]    Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973
D 15 [VEN]    Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973
D 4 [VEN]    Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973
D 5 [VEN]    Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973

 GENOME/TRANSCRIPTOME DATA LINKS

 Cornejo, O.E. et al., 2018
 Reference
BioProject: PRJNA486011   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Project: PRJEB28591   EVA (project)   EVA (analysis) 
Library Source: Genomic
 
Run: SRR7774219   NCBI   ENA FASTQ 
Experiment: SRX4629605
BioSample: SAMN09934511
SampleName: OC_61
SampleSource: Trinidad, Tree_ID: Tc17475

 HELD IN

Show Details Hide Details

List received in 2012   Reference
• Accession: 231
   - Local Name: OC 61
   - Year of Accession: 1981
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: OC-61/T1
• Local Name: OC-61/Ven
List received in 2018   Reference
• Accession: 10373
   - Local Name: OC-61
   - Year of Accession: 1965
List received in 1995   Reference
• Local Name: OC 61 [VEN]
   - Year of Accession: 1987
List received in 2011   Reference
• Local Name: OC 61 [VEN]
List received in 1974   Reference
• Local Name: OC 61 [VEN]
• Local Name: VLA 1 [VEN]

 DISEASE

Show Details Hide Details

 Ceratocystis
Moderate Resistance
Note: Agallas (R), Fusarium (R), Phytophthora megasperma (R)
 Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973
Resistant
 Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990
Resistant
 Murray, D.B., 1969
Susceptible
 Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967
Tolerant
 Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J., 1977
 Phytophthora
Resistant
 Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990
Resistant
Note: Agallas (R), Fusarium (R), Phytophthora megasperma (R)
 Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973
Susceptible
 Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967
Moderately Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded
 Morera, J., 1993
 Witches Broom
Moderately Susceptible
Note: Agallas (R), Fusarium (R), Phytophthora megasperma (R)
 Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973
Resistant
 Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990
Susceptible
 Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967
Tolerant
 Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J., 1977

 YIELD

Show Details Hide Details

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Pod Index: 23.3 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
 Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973
Pod Index: 16.5 (pods per kg dried beans)
Yield: 1500 kg ha-1 yr-1
Yield (wet beans per tree): 4.00 kg
 Reference
 Vivas, J., 1975
Seed Index: 59.8 (dried beans per 100g)
 Reference

 BEAN

Show Details Hide Details

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Colour: purple
Shape: elliptical
Number: 33.0
Total Wet Weight: 71.3 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.30 g
Cotyledon Length: 24.9 mm
Cotyledon Width: 14.7 mm
 Reference
 Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967
Colour Purple: 20 %
Colour Light Purple: 40 %
Colour White: 17 %
Colour Mottled: 23 %
Shape: flat/elongate
Length: 26.4 mm
Width: 15.8 mm
Thickness: 10.5 mm
Cotyledon Wet Weight: 2.65 g
 Reference
 Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990
Colour Dark Purple: 20 %
Colour Light Purple: 40 %
Colour White: 17 %
Colour Mottled: 23 %
Cotyledon Wet Weight: 2.65 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.60 g
Cotyledon Length: 26.4 mm
Cotyledon Width: 15.8 mm
Cotyledon Thickness: 10.5 mm
 Reference
 Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973
Colour Light Purple: Present
Shape: round
Size: large
 Reference
 Vivas, J., 1975
Dry Weight: 1.67 g
 Reference

 BUTTERFAT

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Testa: 5.50 %
 Reference
 Vivas, J., 1975
Butterfat Content: 49.10 %
Oleic Acid: 1.56 %
Melting Point: 33.0 °C
pH: 5.5
Note: fermented beans
 Reference

 FRUIT

Show Details Hide Details

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Shape: elliptical
Basal Constriction: strong
Apex Form: attenuate
Rugosity: moderate
Length: 196.0 mm
Breadth: 81.0 mm
Colour: intense anthocyanin
 Reference
 Brazil - CEPEC, 1987
Rugosity: intense
 Reference
 Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967
Shape: cundeamor
Husk Thickness: 14.2 mm
Length: 213.0 mm
Breadth: 90.0 mm
Colour: yellow and red / yellow (ridge/furrow)
Hardness: very soft
Length Breadth Ratio: 2.39
 Reference
 Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990
Shape: cundeamor
Rugosity: intense
Husk Thickness: 14.2 mm
Length: 213.0 mm
Breadth: 90.0 mm
Colour: yellow / light red and green (ridge/furrow)
Hardness: soft
Length Breadth Ratio: 2.36
 Reference
 Morera, J. et al., 1991
Shape: amelonado
Colour: green
 Reference
 Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973
Shape: cundeamor
Rugosity: moderate
Husk Thickness: medium
Size: medium
 Reference

 FLUSH

Show Details Hide Details

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Colour: slight anthocyanin
 Reference
 Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967
Colour: very slight anthocyanin
 Reference
 Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990
Colour: green
 Reference
 Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973
Colour: intermediate anthocyanin
 Reference

 LEAF

Show Details Hide Details

 Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967
Length to Width Ratio: 2.75
Basal Angle: 122.0 °
Apical Angle: 90.0 °
 Reference
 Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990
Length to Width Ratio: 2.75
Basal Angle: 122.0 °
Apical Angle: 90.0 °
 Reference
 Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973
Shape: elliptic
Basal Form: rounded
Apex Form: acuminate
 Reference

 FLOWER

Show Details Hide Details

 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent
Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent
Sepal Length: 7.63 mm
Ligule Width: 2.85 mm
Ovule Number: 36
Style Length: 2.12 mm
Pedicel Colour: reddish
 Reference
 Brazil - CEPEC, 1987
Self Compatibility: self compatible
 Reference
 Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967
Bud Colour: slight anthocyanin
Ligule Colour: anthocyanin absent
Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent
Guide Line Length: 3.50 mm
Sepal Colour: slight anthocyanin
Sepal Width: 2.40 mm
Sepal Length: 7.60 mm
Sepal Length to Width Ratio: 3.09
Ligule Length: 3.40 mm
Ligule Width: 2.70 mm
Ligule Length to Width Ratio: 1.26
Ribbon Length: 3.90 mm
Ribbon Colour: anthocyanin absent
Ovary Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical), anthocyanin absent (basal)
Ovary Width: 1.10 mm
Ovary Length: 1.60 mm
Ovary Length to Width Ratio: 1.50
Ovule Number: 39
Style Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical), anthocyanin absent (basal)
Style Length: 2.30 mm
Staminode Colour: intense anthocyanin
Staminode Length: 7.40 mm
Pedicel Length: 17.10 mm
Pedicel Colour: slight anthocyani, intense anthocyanin (ab), anthocyanin absent (basal)
Hairs on Upper Surface of Sepal: present
Pigmented Glands on Lower Surface of Sepal: present
Horns at Base of Guide Lines: absent
Pigmented Spot on Pollen Sac: absent
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference
 Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990
Bud Colour: green
Ligule Colour: white
Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent
Guide Line Length: 3.50 mm
Sepal Colour: green
Sepal Width: 2.40 mm
Sepal Length: 7.60 mm
Ligule Length: 3.40 mm
Ligule Width: 2.70 mm
Ribbon Length: 3.90 mm
Ribbon Colour: white
Ovary Width: 1.10 mm
Ovary Length: 1.60 mm
Ovule Number: 39
Style Colour: white (apical), white (basal)
Style Length: 2.30 mm
Staminode Colour: yellow
Staminode Length: 7.40 mm
Pedicel Length: 17.10 mm
Pedicel Colour: green, yellow (ab), white (basal)
Hairs on Upper Surface of Sepal: present
Pigmented Glands on Lower Surface of Sepal: present
Horns at Base of Guide Lines: absent
 Reference
 Morera, J. et al., 1991
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference
 Reyes, H.E. et al., 1973
Ligule Colour: intense anthocyanin
Stamen Size: medium
Sepal Colour: moderate anthocyanin
Sepal Size: large
Ligule Size: medium
Staminode Colour: intense anthocyanin
Pedicel Size: medium
Pedicel Colour: moderate anthocyanin
Self Compatibility: self compatible
 Reference

Reyes, H.E., Perez, A.Z., Reyes, L.C. de & Wagner O., M. de J. (1973) Catalogo de cultivares de cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.). Estacion Experimental de Caucagua, Caucagua, Venezuela. pp. 131.
Gonzalez R, Ventura, Cirilo Giron Varguillas, Ramon Vidal & Angel Castillo (2010) INIA-Venezuela. CFC/ICCO/Bioversity Project on Cocoa Productivity and Quality Improvement: A Participatory Approach. Final Individual Institute Reports 1 June 2004 - 30 November 2009
Morera, J. (1992) Registro Internacional de Cultivares de Cacao. J. Morera, CATIE, Costa Rica. Computer printout.
Cornejo, O.E., Muh-Ching Yee, Victor Dominguez, Mary Andrews, Alexandra Sockell, Erika Strandberg, Donald Livingstone III, Conrad Stack, Alberto Romero, Pathmanathan Umaharan, Stefan Royaert, Nilesh R. Tawari, Pauline Ng, Osman Gutierrez, Wilbert Phillips, Keithanne Mockaitis, Carlos D. Bustamante & Juan C. Motamayor (2018) Population genomic analyses of the chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao L., provide insights into its domestication process. Commun Biol 1, 167
CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.
Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.
Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Lopez-Baez, O., Cueto-Moreno, J. & Fraire-Vazquez, G. (1995) Progressos en el mejoramiento genetico del cacao Theobroma cacao L. en Mexico. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Cocoa Breeding Strategies, Kuala Lumpur, 1994. INGENIC, Reading, U.K. pp. 18-25.
CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Zamora, A.P., Reyes, H.E. & Reyes, L.C. (1974) Programa de mejoramiento genetico de cacao en Venezuela. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Cocoa Conference, 1972, St. Augustine, Trinidad. (Cocoa Research Unit, Trinidad), pp. 57-68.
Morera, J. & Mora, A. (1990) Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Murray, D.B. (1969) Report on a visit to Venezuela in July, 1969. Unpublished report, Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies.
Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. (1967) Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Enriquez, G. & Soria, V.J. (1977) Mejoramiento genético para resistencia a cinco enfermedades del cacao. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Cocoa Research Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, 1977. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 45-56.
Morera, J. (1993) Reaction of clones to Phytophthora palmivora. J. Morera, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal Communication.
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Vivas, J. (1975) Estudio de algunas caracteristicas quimico-fisicas en almendras de cacao de Venezuela. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Cocoa Research Conference, Douala, Cameroun (Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria), pp. 611-615.
Brazil - CEPEC (1987) List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. (1991) Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.