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ICS 100    Theobroma cacao

 Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O. (1979)
The CRIG cocoa germplasm collection with notes on codes used in the breeding programme at Tafo and elsewhere. Technical Bulletin, No. 10, Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. pp. 62.

Derivation: Imperial College Selections.
Location: ICTA, Trinidad and Tobago.

Notes:  Lockwood & Gyamfi, 1979 [LOC79A] Selections from farms in Trinidad (1-100) and from Criollo progenies (101-107).

Cope, 1949a [COP49A]. One hundred selections were made as a result of a survey started in 1930 by Pound.

Bartley, 1993a [BAR93A]. Numbers 1 to 100 were selected from all over Trinidad, numbers 101 to 107 were Criollo trees selected from a farm but all have been lost and numbers greater than 111 are selections made in an experimental programme.

Bartley, 1996a [BAR96A]. The ICS material includes several clones which resulted from recent (at that time) introductions. These include Criollos from Nicaragua (ICS 60 and its relatives) or Venezuela. Other ICS clones represent "Amazonian" types originally introduced from the Orinoco. It is likely that several introductions were involved in creating the diversity that existed in Trinidad when Pound started the selection work.

Bartley, 1997b [BAR97B] From ICS 113 onwards these clones were used as parents in the AX / MX series. The same cross be known by an equivalent C [TTO] name.
 

Synonyms: EET 312 [IMP], KS 100, G VI 181, EET IMP 312, I S C 100

 NOTES

Identified as an off-type (using SSR markers) in the IDIAF collection, Dominican Republic [ICS-100]   IDIAF, 2011

 PEDIGREE DETAILS

 Parents:
NIC  x Unknown   Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O., 1979
TRINITARIO TYPE x Unknown
 - River Estate
   Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O., 1979

 HELD IN

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List received in 2012   Reference
• Accession: 276
   - Local Name: ICS 100
   - Year of Accession: 1978
List received in 1987   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 100
   - Year of Accession: 1965
List received in 2015   Reference
• Accession: ICS 100 Quadra 1
   - Local Name: ICS 100
List received in 1985   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 100
List received in 2018   Reference
• Accession: 10337
   - Local Name: ICS-100
   - Year of Accession: 1966
List received in 1989   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 100
   - Year of Accession: 1965
List received in 1987   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 100
   - Year of Accession: 1974
List received in 2011   Reference
• Local Name: ICS-100 (Incorrecto)
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: EET - 312
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 100
   - Year of Accession: 1993
List received in 1992   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 100
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: ICS100
• Local Name: ICS100
   - Year of Accession: 1974
List received in 2008   Reference
• Accession: VTLC 83
   - Local Name: ICS 100
List received in 1997   Reference
• Accession: 181
   - Local Name: ICS 100
   - Year of Accession: 1990
List received in 2008   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 100
List received in 1990   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 100
List received in 1998   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 100
List received in 2012   Reference
• Accession: 39
   - Local Name: ICS100
   - Year of Accession: 1993
List received in 1991   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 100
List received in 2011   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 100
List received in 2012   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 100
   - Year of Accession: 1989
List received in 1972   Reference
• Local Name: ICS 100

 DISEASE

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 Ceratocystis
Intermediate
 Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967
 Phytophthora
15.35 % Infection (Pod).
Note: percentage of infected pods. Rank calculated using Newman-Keuls test at 5% = A
 Sounigo, O. et al., 1995
Intermediate, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
 Togo - IRCC Togo, 1986
Intermediate, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
 Sreenivasan, T.N., 1993
Moderate Resistance, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded
 Morera, J., 1993
Moderate Resistance, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
 Sreenivasan, T.N., 1980
Resistant, 52.00 % Infection, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
Note: Unripe, Attached and not wounded
 Blaha, G. & Lotode, R., 1976
Susceptible, sp. P. palmivora (Pod).
 Clement, D. & Sounigo, O., 1992
 Vascular Streak Dieback
57.10 % Infection (Field Reaction).
Note: 42.1% of trees with <30% infected branches, 9.7% of trees with 30 to 70% infected branches, 5.3% of trees with >70% infected branches.. Sime Darby Plantations, Devon Estate.
 Lam, K.S., 1992
 Witches Broom
Resistant
 Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990
Susceptible
 Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967

 PESTS

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 Mirids
High Damage
Note: Trial D13/4. Rank calculated using Newman-Keuls test at 5% = A
 Sounigo, O. et al., 1995
High Damage
 N'Goran, J.A.K. et al., 1993
Susceptible
 K. F. N’Guessan et al., 2003

 YIELD

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 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991
Seed Index: 79.3 (dried beans per 100g)
Pod Index: 26.4 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Pod Index: 25.2 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981
Seed Index: 68.0 (dried beans per 100g)
Productivity: medium
 Reference
 Lam, K.S., 1992
Seed Index: 113.9 (dried beans per 100g)
Pod Index: 31.3 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference
 Sounigo, O. et al., 1995
Yield: 759 kg ha-1 yr-1
 Reference

 BEAN

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 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991
Number: 29.7
Total Dry Weight: 37.8 g
Dry Weight: 1.26 g
Note: 63 plants sampled
 Reference
 Bartley, B.G.D., 1970
Size: large
 Reference
 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Colour: purple
Shape: elliptical
Number: 32.0
Total Wet Weight: 56.8 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.24 g
Cotyledon Length: 23.7 mm
Cotyledon Width: 12.9 mm
 Reference
 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981
Colour Dark Purple: Absent
Colour Light Purple: Present
Colour Grey: Absent
Colour White: Absent
Colour Mottled: Absent
Number: 29.9
Maximum Number: 46
Cotyledon Wet Weight: 2.22 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.47 g
Cotyledon Length: 25.2 mm
Cotyledon Width: 13.2 mm
Cotyledon Thickness: 8.8 mm
 Reference
 Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967
Colour Purple: 66 %
Colour Light Purple: 21 %
Colour White: 3 %
Colour Mottled: 10 %
Shape: round
Length: 25.4 mm
Width: 12.8 mm
Thickness: 9.2 mm
Cotyledon Wet Weight: 1.90 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.22 g
 Reference
 KKO, 1993
Colour: light purple
Shape: cylindrical
Size: medium
Number: 41.0
 Reference
 Lam, K.S., 1992
Number: 33.5
Dry Weight: 0.87 g
 Reference
 Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990
Colour Dark Purple: 66 %
Colour Light Purple: 21 %
Colour White: 3 %
Colour Mottled: 10 %
Cotyledon Wet Weight: 1.90 g
Cotyledon Dry Weight: 1.22 g
Cotyledon Length: 25.4 mm
Cotyledon Width: 12.8 mm
Cotyledon Thickness: 9.2 mm
 Reference
 Palaniappan, S. & Shuhaimi Shamsuddin, 1992
Number: 34.2
Dry Weight: 1.24 g
 Reference

 BUTTERFAT

 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991
Butterfat Content: 54.10 %
Maximum Butterfat Content: 58.31 %
Minimum Butterfat Content: 51.60 %
Note: 10 plants sampled
 Reference
 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Testa: 4.80 %
 Reference

 FRUIT

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 Bartley, B.G.D., 1970
Size: large
 Reference
 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Shape: obovate
Basal Constriction: slight
Apex Form: attenuate
Rugosity: moderate
Length: 144.0 mm
Breadth: 78.0 mm
Colour: anthocyanin absent
Hardness: soft
Note: Hardness <= 1.6 Mpa
 Reference
 Brazil - CEPEC, 1987
Rugosity: intense
 Reference
 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981
Basal Constriction: absent
Apex Form: acute
Rugosity: slight
Husk Thickness: 10.9 mm (13.3 - 8.5)
Length: 167.0 mm
Breadth: 86.0 mm
Colour: absent anthocyanin
Weight: 530.0 g
Pods Per Tree: 5
Hardness: moderate
Length Breadth Ratio: 1.94
Note: ratio of distances between ridges within a pair and between ridges of two different pairs = 0.71
 Reference
 Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967
Shape: angoleta
Husk Thickness: 12.1 mm
Length: 163.0 mm
Breadth: 85.0 mm
Colour: yellow / yellow and red (ridge/furrow)
Hardness: soft
Length Breadth Ratio: 2.00
 Reference
 KKO, 1993
Shape: angoleta
Rugosity: smooth
 Reference
 Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990
Shape: angoleta
Rugosity: moderate
Husk Thickness: 12.1 mm
Length: 163.0 mm
Breadth: 85.0 mm
Colour: yellow and green / yellow (ridge/furrow)
Hardness: moderate
Length Breadth Ratio: 1.91
 Reference
 Morera, J. et al., 1991
Shape: amelonado
Colour: green
 Reference
 Palaniappan, S. & Shuhaimi Shamsuddin, 1992
Length: 179.7 mm
Breadth: 81.3 mm
Weight: 631.5 g
Length Breadth Ratio: 2.20
 Reference

 FLUSH

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 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Colour: moderate anthocyanin
 Reference
 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981
Colour: light brown
 Reference
 Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967
Colour: intense anthocyanin
 Reference
 KKO, 1993
Colour: red
 Reference
 Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990
Colour: yellow
 Reference

 LEAF

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 Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967
Length to Width Ratio: 2.71
Basal Angle: 118.0 °
Apical Angle: 85.0 °
 Reference
 Trinidad - ICGT, 1992
Distance from Base to Widest Part: 142 mm
Length: 281.0 mm
Width: 100.0 mm
Length to Width Ratio: 2.80
Basal Angle: 103.9 °
Apical Angle: 63.0 °
Petiole Length: 29 mm
Pulvinus Length: 29 mm
 Reference
 Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990
Length to Width Ratio: 2.71
Basal Angle: 118.0 °
Apical Angle: 85.0 °
 Reference

 FLOWER

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 Malaysia - BAL Plantations, 1991
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference
 Bartley, B.G.D., 1970
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference
 Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022
Ligule Colour: intense anthocyanin
Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent
Sepal Length: 6.64 mm
Ligule Width: 2.25 mm
Ovule Number: 38
Style Length: 1.82 mm
Pedicel Colour: reddish
 Reference
 Brazil - CEPEC, 1987
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference
 Costa Rica - CATIE, 1981
Ligule Colour: intense anthocyanin (apical)
Stamen Colour: intense anthocyanin
Sepal Colour: greyish green
Sepal Width: 2.50 mm
Sepal Length: 9.33 mm
Ligule Length: 9.13 mm
Ligule Width: 2.87 mm
Ovary Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical)
Ovary Width: 1.03 mm
Ovary Length: 1.47 mm
Style Length: 2.32 mm
Staminode Length: 8.15 mm
Pedicel Colour: pastel red
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
Note: Translation of Methuen colour codes.
 Reference
 Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J., 1967
Bud Colour: slight anthocyanin
Ligule Colour: slight anthocyanin
Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent
Guide Line Length: 3.10 mm
Sepal Colour: slight anthocyanin
Sepal Width: 2.00 mm
Sepal Length: 7.60 mm
Sepal Length to Width Ratio: 3.78
Ligule Length: 2.70 mm
Ligule Width: 2.10 mm
Ligule Length to Width Ratio: 1.29
Ribbon Length: 3.00 mm
Ribbon Colour: intense anthocyanin
Ovary Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical), anthocyanin absent (basal)
Ovary Width: 1.00 mm
Ovary Length: 1.00 mm
Ovary Length to Width Ratio: 1.01
Ovule Number: 44
Style Colour: anthocyanin absent (apical), anthocyanin absent (basal)
Style Length: 2.00 mm
Staminode Colour: intense anthocyanin
Staminode Length: 6.00 mm
Pedicel Length: 10.00 mm
Pedicel Colour: intense anthocyanin, intense anthocyanin (ab), anthocyanin absent (basal)
Hairs on Upper Surface of Sepal: present
Pigmented Glands on Lower Surface of Sepal: present
Horns at Base of Guide Lines: absent
Pigmented Spot on Pollen Sac: absent
Self Compatibility: self compatible
 Reference
 KKO, 1993
Self Compatibility: self compatible
 Reference
 Morera, J. & Mora, A., 1990
Bud Colour: green
Ligule Colour: green
Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent
Guide Line Length: 3.10 mm
Sepal Colour: green
Sepal Width: 2.00 mm
Sepal Length: 7.60 mm
Ligule Length: 2.70 mm
Ligule Width: 2.10 mm
Ribbon Length: 3.00 mm
Ribbon Colour: yellow
Ovary Width: 1.00 mm
Ovary Length: 1.00 mm
Ovule Number: 44
Style Colour: white (apical), white (basal)
Style Length: 2.00 mm
Staminode Colour: yellow
Staminode Length: 6.00 mm
Pedicel Length: 10.00 mm
Pedicel Colour: yellow, yellow (ab), white (basal)
Hairs on Upper Surface of Sepal: present
Pigmented Glands on Lower Surface of Sepal: present
Horns at Base of Guide Lines: absent
 Reference
 Morera, J. et al., 1991
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference

Lockwood, G. & Gyamfi, M.M.O. (1979) The CRIG cocoa germplasm collection with notes on codes used in the breeding programme at Tafo and elsewhere. Technical Bulletin, No. 10, Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana. pp. 62.
IDIAF (2011) Cocoa accessions held in the Dominican Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Research (IDIAF). M. Ventura, personal communication, September 2011.
CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.
Almeida, C.M.V.C. de, Barriga, J.P., Machado, P.F.R. & Bartley, B.G.D. (1987) Evolucao do programa de conservacao dos recursos geneticos de cacau na Amazonia Brasileira. CEPLAC/DEPEA, Boletim Tecnico, Belem, Brasil 5: pp.108.
Almeida, Caio Márcio Vasconcellos Cordeiro de, Francisco Antônio Neto, Acácio de Paula, Silva, José Raymundo Pires Medeiros & Antonio de Almeida Lima (2015) RECURSOS GENÉTICOS DE CACAUEIRO EM RONDÔNIA: RETROSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA, ORIGEM E INVENTÁRIO [Genetic Resources of Cacao in Rondônia: Historical Overview, Origin and Inventory]. Agrotrópica (Itabuna) 27 (2): 93–124
Cameroon - IRAD Cameroun (1985) Collection Camerounaise de cacaoyers (situation en Juillet, 1985). Unpublished report, IRCC Cameroun. Supplied by A.B. Eskes, IRCC Montpellier.
Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Cote d'Ivoire - IRCC (1989) Liste des clones en collection. Unpublished Report, IRCC Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire, Doc. No. 192. D. Clement, IRCC, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.
Dominican Republic - CDC (1987) Informe de los trabajos de indentificacion clonal realizados por el Dr. B.G.Bartley durante su visita a la Estacion "Mata Larga". Unpublished of the Comision del Cacau, Dominican Republic. pp 14
EET - Pichilingue (2012) Accessions planted in EET - Pichilingue, Ecuador. Freddy Amores and Ignacio Sotomayor C, personal communication, February 2012.
Philippe Lachenaud (2012) CIRAD Montpellier Clone List (Excel Spreadsheet). Data supplied to ICGD by email. Dr. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD Montpellier, France, January 2012.
Gabon - SOCAGAB (1992) Liste des clones de la collection du C.M.C.E. de Minkong (Oyem, Gabon). Ph. Lachenaud, CIRAD, Kourou, Guyane. Personal Communication.
CRIG (2012) Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.
CPCRI (2008) Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, India. Data supplied to ICGD by email. D. Balasimha, CPCRI Vittal, India, July 2008.
India - Kerala (1997) List of survivng clones from all the introductions. R.V. Nair, Kerala Agricultural University, India. Personal Communication.
Haeser, E. (2008) Accession list for Bah Lias Research Station, PT.PP. London Sumatra, Indonesia. Personal communication, March 2010.
Malaysia - ARC Tuaran (1990) List of clones held in the Dept. of Agriculture's collection, at Sabah, Tuaran, Malaysia. E.B. Tay, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia. Personal Communication.
PNG - Cocoa & Coconut Research (1998) Current list of cocoa accessions at the PNG CCRI. Mr. Mathias Faure, Personal Communication.
Suchirat Sakuanrungsirikul (2012) Cocoa germplasm maintained at the Chumphon Research Center, Thailand. Data supplied to ICGD by email. Suchirat Sakuanrungsirikul, Agricultural Research Officer, Department of Agriculture, Thailand. January 2012.
Togo - IRCC Togo (1991) Collection des clones de cacaoyers presents au Togo. Unpublished report, IRCC Togo, p.1.
CRU (2011) ICG,T accessions. CRU website.
Philippe Bastide. (2012) Les clones suivis au Vanuatu (unpublished list of accessions). Personal communication, February 2012.
Perez, A.Z., Reyes, H.E. & Reyes, L.C. (1972) Programa de mejoramiento genetico de cacao en Venezuela. MAC, Caucagua, Venezuela, pp. 131.
Enriquez, G.A. & Soria, V.J. (1967) Cacao Cultivars Register. IICA Teaching and Research Centre, Costa Rica
Sounigo, O., N'Goran, J., Coulibaly, N., Clement, D. & Lachenaud, P. (1995) Evaluation de clones de cacaoyers pour la productivite, la resistance aux mirides et la resistance a la pourriture des cabosses. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference, Yammoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire, 1993. Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria. pp. 375-381.
Togo - IRCC Togo (1986) Collection de cacaoyers. Composition au 1er Janvier, 1986. IRCC Togo. A.B. Eskes, IRCC, Montpellier, France. Personal Communication.
Sreenivasan, T.N. (1993) Screening for resistance to Black Pod. T.N. Sreenivasan, CRU, Trinidad. Personal Communication.
Morera, J. (1993) Reaction of clones to Phytophthora palmivora. J. Morera, CATIE, Costa Rica. Personal Communication.
Sreenivasan, T.N. (1980) Screening for resistance to Black Pod. Cocoa Research Unit Annual Report on Cocoa Research 1975-1980. University of the West Indies, Trinidad. p.16.
Blaha, G. & Lotode, R. (1976) Un critere primordial de selection du cacaoyer au Cameroun: la resistance a la pourriture brune des cabossees ( Phytophthora palmivora ). Cafe, Cacao, The 20(2): pp. 97-116.
Clement, D. & Sounigo, O. (1992) Ivory Coast Database. D. Clement & O. Sounigo, IRCC, Bingerville, Cote d'Ivoire. Personal Communication.
Lam, K.S. (1992) Performance of imported clones in Sime Darby Plantations. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Morera, J. & Mora, A. (1990) Banco de Germoplasma de Cacao del CATIE. Information supplied on computer diskette by CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
N'Goran, J.A.K., Lachenaud, P., Bastide P., & Paulin, D. (1993) Cocoa germplasm conservation initiatives in Cote d'Ivoire. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Conservation, Characterisation and Utilisation of Cocoa Genetic Resources in the 21st Century. CRU, UWI, Trinidad. pp. 221-227.
K. F. N’Guessan, A. B. Eskes & Ph. Lachenaud (2003) Etude de la Resistance du Cacaoyer aux Mirides : Classification des Grands Groupes de Cacaoyers en Fonction de Leur Niveau de Resistance ou Sensibilite. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra, Ghana (October 2003). Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Lagos, Nigeria.
Malaysia - BAL Plantations (1991) Results from cocoa butter content determinations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. G. Lockwood, CDC, U.K. Personal Communication.
Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Costa Rica - CATIE (1981) Genetic Resources of Cacao. A Catalogue of the CATIE Collection. J.M.M. Engels, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Technical Bulletin No. 7: pp. 191.
Bartley, B.G.D. (1970) A preliminary catalogue of the cacao germplasm held at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
KKO (1993) Information from the KKO cocoa germplasm database. Information supplied on computer diskette by C. Cilas, CIRAD-CP, France.
Palaniappan, S. & Shuhaimi Shamsuddin (1992) Early evaluation of some cocoa germplasm at Pusut Perkhidmatan Pertanian Tun Razak. In: Unpublished Proceedings of MCGC Mini-Seminar on the Performance of Imported Cocoa Clones, 13th October, 1992. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Brazil - CEPEC (1987) List of clones in the CEPEC, Bahia, Brazil collection. Computer printout from CEPEC. Supplied by B.G.D. Bartley, CEPEC, Brazil.
Morera, J., Paredes, A. & Mora, A. (1991) Germoplasma de cacao en el CATIE entre 1947 y 1991, Programa II: Generacion y transferencia de tecnologia. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica, pp. 49.
Trinidad - ICGT (1992) Leaf descriptors. Unpublished data supplied on computer diskette by International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.