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GU 168 /H Group Name Theobroma cacao

French Guiana - CIRAD-CP (1994)
Morphological characteristics of the clones held at CIRAD Guyane. Data supplied to ICGD on computer diskette. Dr. Ph. Lachenaud, CIRAD Guyane.

Collected by Clement/Salle IRCC.
Location: Haut Camopi+Ecuador, French Guiana.

Lachenaud, 1993a [LAC93A]. Haut-Camopi material (See CAM 1, 3, 7, 9, 12) generally tall, Leaves - pigmented flushes, Fruit - heterogeneity in pod shape but usually green, clear basal constriction, obtuse apex, intermediate surface rugosity, prominent paired ridges.

Notes: French Guiana - CIRAD-CP, 1994 [GUY94A] GU 112-359 from French Guiana, GU 360-370 from Ecuador.

Some publications have erroneously omitted the GU code and list only the clone number and suffix, for example 269H = GU 269/H and N 123 = GU 123/N.

2 May 2002 Data collected on wild trees from which the GU material were collected as seed has been removed from the ICGD on the recommendation of Philippe Lachenaud (CIRAD-CP). The descriptors referred only to the wild material which was never cloned in genebanks and as such the presence of these data were believed to be misleading. All GU material was collected as seed and properly labelled material should include a letter suffix at the end of the name.

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Synonyms: CAM 9 /168H [GUF]

COLLECTION DETAILS

Location: R. Camopi, Haut Camopi, French Guiana (primary forest)

Date: 5 May 1987

Coordinates: 53°11'38" W, 2°21'34" N

Material collected: Seed

Notes: Crique Cacao (R bank) on slope of ORSTOM transect,

Expedition Code: 87GU

Sallee, B., 1987

PEDIGREE DETAILS

Parents:: GU 168 x Unknown

HELD IN

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United Kingdom, International Cocoa Quarantine Centre, Reading (ICQC,R): Current List ICQC,R Website; • Accession: RUQ 223 ICQC,R; - Local Name: GU 168/H; - Year of Accession: 1989
Brazil, Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira/Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPLAC/CEPEC): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CEPEC 2012
Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.; • Accession: 946; - Local Name: GU 168H; • Accession: 946; - Local Name: GU 168H
Brazil, Mars Center for Cocoa Science: List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

Mars Center for Cocoa Science 2012
Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: GU-168H; - Year of Accession: 1996
Costa Rica, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE): List received in 2018 Reference

Reference

Allan Mata 2018
Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Notes

Excel file received by email.; • Accession: 22011; - Local Name: GU 168-H; - Year of Accession: 2006
Ghana, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG): List received in 2012 Reference

Reference

CRIG 2012
Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.; • Local Name: GU168/H
India, Kerala Agricultural University: List received in 1997 Reference

Reference

India - Kerala 1997
List of survivng clones from all the introductions. R.V. Nair, Kerala Agricultural University, India. Personal Communication.; • Local Name: GU 168 /H; - Year of Accession: 1996

DISEASE

Witches Broom: Susceptible (Shoot (Field Reaction)).; Note: Population CAM 9; Lachenaud, P., 2006

Reference

Lachenaud, P. 2006
Some characteristics of the GU clones held at the University of Reading. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD, France. Personal Communication, September 2006.
Disease; Susceptible (Twigs and/or pods (Field Reaction)).; Lachenaud, Ph. et al., 2007

Reference

Lachenaud, Ph., Paulin, D., Ducamp, M. & Thevenin, J.-M. 2007
Twenty years of agronomic evaluation of wild cocoa trees (Theobroma cacao L.) from French Guiana. Scientia Horticulturae. 113: pp 313–321.
Notes

Production, in kg of dry cocoa per ha per year: very high > 804; high = 804–750; medium = 400–750; low = 100–399; very low < 100.

Disease Pests Yield

YIELD

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Pod Index: 31.6 (pods per kg dried beans); Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower
Lachenaud, Ph. et al., 2007: Productivity: low; Reference

Reference

Lachenaud, Ph., Paulin, D., Ducamp, M. & Thevenin, J.-M. 2007
Twenty years of agronomic evaluation of wild cocoa trees (Theobroma cacao L.) from French Guiana. Scientia Horticulturae. 113: pp 313–321.
Notes

Production, in kg of dry cocoa per ha per year: very high > 804; high = 804–750; medium = 400–750; low = 100–399; very low < 100.

Disease Pests Yield

BEAN

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: dark purple; Shape: elliptical; Number: 36.0; Total Wet Weight: 49.5 g; Cotyledon Dry Weight: 0.88 g; Cotyledon Length: 20.4 mm; Cotyledon Width: 12.2 mm; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

BUTTERFAT

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Testa: 5.10 %; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

FRUIT

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Shape: elliptical; Basal Constriction: strong; Apex Form: mammillate; Rugosity: slight; Length: 135.0 mm; Breadth: 73.0 mm; Colour: anthocyanin absent; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

PHENOTYPING

Fiona Lahive, 2017: Accession: RUQ 223; Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 4.88 μmol m² s^-1; Stomatal Conductance: 0.13 mol m² s^-1; Transpiration Rate: 1.36 mmol m² s^-1; Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 49.53 μmol mol^-1; Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 3.79 mmol mol^-1; Flush Size: 4; Leaf Area: 295.90 cm²; Leaf Dry Weight: 1.79 g; Specific Leaf Area: 167.70 cm² g^-1; Reference

Reference

Fiona Lahive 2017
Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.
Notes

Data for single trees in ICQC,R. Each value is a mean of 2 time points with 6 leaves per tree (12 measurements), except flush size, which was 2 branches per tree (4 measurements).

Phenotyping
Fiona Lahive, 2017: Accession: RUQ 223; Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 4.39 μmol m² s^-1; Stomatal Conductance: 0.08 mol m² s^-1; Transpiration Rate: 1.06 mmol m² s^-1; Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 54.11 μmol mol^-1; Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 4.15 mmol mol^-1; Flush Size: 4; Leaf Area: 209.90 cm²; Leaf Dry Weight: 1.60 g; Specific Leaf Area: 131.90 cm² g^-1; Reference

Reference

Fiona Lahive 2017
Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.
Notes

Data for single trees in ICQC,R. Each value is a mean of 2 time points with 6 leaves per tree (12 measurements), except flush size, which was 2 branches per tree (4 measurements).

Phenotyping

FLUSH

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Colour: intense anthocyanin; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

FLOWER

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee, 2022: Ligule Colour: moderate anthocyanin; Stamen Colour: anthocyanin absent; Sepal Length: 6.97 mm; Ligule Width: 1.96 mm; Ovule Number: 36; Style Length: 1.79 mm; Pedicel Colour: red; Reference

Reference

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee 2022
Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.
Notes

This single reference supercedes data entered previously and will be kept up-to-date to allow this information to be grouped together.

Yield Bean Butterfat Fruit Flush Flower

REFERENCES

French Guiana - CIRAD-CP (1994) Morphological characteristics of the clones held at CIRAD Guyane. Data supplied to ICGD on computer diskette. Dr. Ph. Lachenaud, CIRAD Guyane.

Sallee, B. (1987) Compte rendu de prospection dans les populations naturelles de Theobroma cacao L. du Haut Camopi (Guyane Francais) 14/4 au 12/5/87. Unpublished report, IRCC/CIRAD, 97387 Kourou, Guyane, pp. 45.

CEPEC (2012) Accession list for the CEPEC (Bahia, Brazil) collection. Dr. José Luis Pires, personal communication, February 2012.

Mars Center for Cocoa Science (2012) Accession list for the Mars Center for Cocoa Science. Jean-Philippe Marelli, personal communication, February 2012.

Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.

CRIG (2012) Cocoa accessions held in the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG). Francis Kwame Padi, personal communication, February 2012.

India - Kerala (1997) List of survivng clones from all the introductions. R.V. Nair, Kerala Agricultural University, India. Personal Communication.

Lachenaud, P. (2006) Some characteristics of the GU clones held at the University of Reading. Philippe Lachenaud, CIRAD, France. Personal Communication, September 2006.

Lachenaud, Ph., Paulin, D., Ducamp, M. & Thevenin, J.-M. (2007) Twenty years of agronomic evaluation of wild cocoa trees (Theobroma cacao L.) from French Guiana. Scientia Horticulturae. 113: pp 313–321.

Frances Bekele & Gillian Bidaisee (2022) Morphological data from the International Cocoa Collection (ICG,T) maintained by the Cocoa Research Centre (CRC), Trinidad & Tobago. Unpublished data on fruit, bean, flower and flush morphology supplied as an Excel spreadsheet by Frances Bekele. Last update March 2022.

Fiona Lahive (2017) Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.