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U 45 [PER]    Theobroma cacao

 Arevalo, E., Garcia, L., Krauss, U., Rios, R., Zuniga, L. & Adriazola, J. (1996)
Mejoramiento genetico para el control de enfermedadaes del cacao en el Peru. Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Contribution of Disease Resistance to Cocoa Variety Improvement, INGENIC, Salvador, 24th-26th September, 1996. pp.127-133.

Derivation: river Ucayali.
Location: R. Ucayali, Peru.

Notes:  Arevalo et al, 1996 [ARE96A] The U [PER] (Ucayali) clones originated from abandoned fields in the Ucayali (U 1 [PER] to U 52 [PER]) and the Urubamba (U 53 [PER] to U 70 [PER]) river valleys which were under high disease pressure from Witches' Broom. Between the 28th November and 4th December 1987 the clones U 1 [PER] to U 11 [PER] from along the valley of the Ucayali and its tributaries: Contamana, San Carlos, Pampa Hermosa, Ucayali, Cushabatay and Lago Chiatipiishca. Clones U 12 [PER] to U 33 [PER] were collected from Contamana, Pampa Hermosa, Orellana, Juancito, Nueva Berlin, Tamanco, Pueblo Libre, Requena, Ucayali, Tapicho and Inahuaya. In June 1988 clones U 34 [PER] to U 52 [PER] were collected from Pucallpa, Contamana, Pampa Hermosa, Roaboya, Masisea, Puerto Inca, Puerto Sol, Ucayali, Pisque, Pachitea and Cushabetay. At the same time another group of clones (U 53 [PER] to U 70 [PER]) were collected from the Urubamba valley: Maranura, Quillabamba, Echarate, Suhuayacu, San Agustin, Quellouno, Chanchamayo, Limoniyoc, Ciriaco, Liteni, Korebeni, Santoato. On another expedition to the Urubamba - Sahayacu in January 1989 the clones U 71 [PER] to U 99 [PER] were collected for high productivity.
 

 POPULATION

 Motamayor, J.C. et al., 2008
'Contamana' Population
Subgroup: 'Scavina'   Reference

 HELD IN

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Current List   ICQC,R Website
• Accession: RUQ 1495     ICQC,R 
   - Local Name: U 45 [PER]
List received in 2018   Reference
• Accession: 22334
   - Local Name: U-45
   - Year of Accession: 2008

 YIELD

 Arevelo, E. et al., 1999
Seed Index: 90.9 (dried beans per 100g)
Pod Index: 35.0 (pods per kg dried beans)
 Reference

 BEAN

 Arevelo, E. et al., 1999
Number: 26.0
Dry Weight: 1.10 g
 Reference

 BUTTERFAT

 Arevelo, E. et al., 1999
Butterfat Content: 50.00 %
 Reference

 PHENOTYPING

 Fiona Lahive, 2017
Accession: RUQ 1495
Light Saturated Photosynthetic Rate: 5.40 μmol m2 s-1
Stomatal Conductance: 0.14 mol m2 s-1
Transpiration Rate: 1.35 mmol m2 s-1
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: 45.24 μmol mol-1
Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency: 4.15 mmol mol-1
Flush Size: 6
Leaf Area: 217.60 cm2
Leaf Dry Weight: 1.50 g
Specific Leaf Area: 146.90 cm2 g-1
 Reference

 FLOWER

 Arevelo, E. et al., 1999
Ovule Number: 37
Self Compatibility: self incompatible
 Reference

Arevalo, E., Garcia, L., Krauss, U., Rios, R., Zuniga, L. & Adriazola, J. (1996) Mejoramiento genetico para el control de enfermedadaes del cacao en el Peru. Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Contribution of Disease Resistance to Cocoa Variety Improvement, INGENIC, Salvador, 24th-26th September, 1996. pp.127-133.
Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S. & Schnell, R.J. (2008) Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE 3(10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311
Allan Mata (2018) Accession list for the International Cacao Collection at CATIE (IC3). Personal communication.
Arevelo, E., Zuniga, L.., Adriazola, J., Garcia, L., Cabezas, O., Hart, A. & Rios, J. (1999) Clones Ucayali-Urubamba. Data file in Excel format sent to the ICGD by Enrique Arevalo, 17 December 1999.
Fiona Lahive (2017) Phenotypic data from climate change trials. Personal communication.